210 research outputs found
Interview with Grover C. Stephens
No full textFounding Chair of the Department of Organismic Biology, 1967Dean of the School of Biological Sciences, 1982-1986Professor of Developmental and Cell Biology, 1967-1991Digitized 2013 by Avant Productions, Inc
Interview with Grover C. Stephens
No full textFounding Chair of the Department of Organismic Biology, 1967Dean of the School of Biological Sciences, 1982-1986Professor of Developmental and Cell Biology, 1967-1991Digitized 2013 by Avant Productions, Inc
Oral History of David B. Marshall Portland, Oregon November 30, 2000
No full textOral history interview with David B. Marshall as interviewed by Jerry and Judy Grover.
Mr. Marshall knew he wanted to work for the Service after visiting the Malheur Refuge as a teen. He got a student position, then became permanent as an assistant refuge manager at Stillwater NWR. He held several positions at different refuges and Regional Offices, including DC and Portland, throughout his career. Mr. Marshall also was responsible for taking cranes to Japan.
Organization: FWS
Name: David B. Marshall
Years: 1949-1981
Program: Refuges
Keywords: History, Employees (USFWS), Personnel, Wildlife refuges, J. Clark Salyer, Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge, Ira Gabrielson, William Finley, Carl Hubby, Ed Averill, Tom McAllister, William Telfer, J. Clark Salyer, LeRoy Giles, Kenneth MacDonald, Stanley G. Jewett, Howard Sergeant, Vernon Ekedahl, Ray Erickson, Gene KRidler, Ray Glahn, John Chattin, John ScharffTHE U.S. FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
R EE T II R EE D
PPaacciiffiicc RReeggiioonn
Check out the Fish & Wildlife Service Retirees Website: www .nctc.fws.gov/history/heritagecommittee.html
ORAL HISTORY
of
David B. Marshall
Portland, Oregon
November 30, 2000
INTERVIEW WITH DAVID B. MARSHALL
BY JERRY C. GROVER
and Judy M. Grover
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Retired
PORTLAND, OREGON
MR. GROVER: I am with David B. Marshall, a long time
employee of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Can you give us
a little of your background and history? When were you born?
MR. MARSHALL: I was born on March 7, 1926 in Portland,
Oregon into a pioneer Oregon family, at least on my father’s
side and to some extent on my mother’s side. I had an early
interest in birds; no doubt through my family. My family was
composed of a number of naturalists including my great
grandmother who was a close friend of William L. Finley, the
famous Oregon conservationist, wildlife photographer, writer
and naturalist. So I developed an interest in birds. Some of my
earliest memories are identifying birds in the backyard at the
feeder. I learned their names from my mother and father. My
father and his family were very active in what was then called
the Oregon Audubon Society, now Audubon Society of
Portland. As a result of exposure to activities and members of
this group, I had further exposure to things in the natural history
world. My parents were particularly interested in wildflowers.
But that didn’t interest me at the time. It was just birds.
MR. GROVER: What did your father do?
MR. MARSHALL: My father was a Civil Engineer and a
Surveyor. He and his brother had an engineering firm here in
Portland and did a good part of the lot survey work and
subdivision work in Portland, starting in the teens up until the
mid 1950s. Also they conducted engineering work during
World War II designing the docks at the shipyards and laying
out housing projects. During the depression my dad was County
Surveyor for a short time when business slacked off. This was
an elected position. I also had the opportunity to get in the out
of doors on numerous family outings and camping trips.
Camping wasn’t popular then, but we did a lot of it over
various parts of the state.
MR. GROVER: That would have been in the 1930s?
MR. MARSHALL: Yes, the 1930s and early 1940s. We really
got around, particularly in southeast Oregon including Steens
Mountain. Then it was tough getting around. Many a time we
were delayed for a day or two because storm flooded the roads.
Those family trips meant a lot. Then there was the exposure to
things like the Audubon Society lectures, which were weekly.
My dad was the chairman of the programs.
MR. GROVER: Was this the Oregon Audubon Society?
MR. MARSHALL: Yes, it was then called the Oregon
Audubon Society. It was the only one in the state. There were
the Christmas bird counts, which were important to me.
Audubon activities brought me into contact with William L.
Finley and Stanley G. Jewett and a number of other famous
people like Ed Averill. So I had this contact as a boy,
particularly with Finley and Jewett, which meant a lot to me. I
was impressed with the things they were doing from a
conservation standpoint. I would overhear them talking over
conservation problems and their strategies and what they should
do about various issues. Finley and his wife, Irene, came to
some family Christmas celebrations. I got to listen to Finley’s
lectures. One that I can most vividly remember was on the
California condor. That inspired me in terms of the need to
protect endangered species. Another event that got me
interested in endangered species was this; in 1937 we were at
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Borax Lake east of Steens Mountain, OR. We looked down at
the fish in the lake and my father told me, “That fish does not
have a name, and this is the only place that it is found in the
world”. Somehow, that really got to me. I picked up a lot of
interest then. This fish didn’t have a name and this was the only
place in the world where it was found. The only way my father
knew about that was through his association with Carl Hubbs.
MR. GROVER: Was that Carl Hubbs of Hubbs and Lagler
fame?
MR. MARSHALL: Yes! Hubbs had told him about it. He told
him that the fish hadn’t been described at that point.
Incidentally, the fish did not get described until the late 1960s or
early 1970s and is now referred to as the Borax Lake chub. I
made sure it got listed under the ESA when I was with that
program. So, I had an association with natural history in
boyhood. Then I met two boys, Tom McAllister and William
Telfer, who were about my age. We became close friends. I
had a bicycle and saw to it that they got bicycles and we
bicycled all over the Portland area on bird watching trips. And
we contributed to work that was done to document birds of the
Portland area, what seasons they were there and where. We
contributed a lot to that. Our adventures just came out in print
in Wild in the City by Houck and Cody published by Oregon
Historical Society Press. In it is a story titled “Home Town”
which Tom McAllister and I wrote. The story was also
published in the Oregon Historical Quarterly in the Fall 2000
issue. That tells a little bit about our adventures. We rode our
bikes to Mount Hood. At one point we even bicycled to Olallie
Lake, OR. This was in the early 1940s. We also bicycled out
towards Maupin about 100 miles from home to see birds of
eastern Oregon. These were bicycle/camping trips. At that time
you could bicycle from here to Government Camp and you’d
have to get off of the road maybe every fifteen or twenty
minutes to let a car by; nothing like the traffic of today. The
pavement wasn’t really wide enough to accommodate a car and
a bicycle too. These experiences gave us a lot of self confidence
and independence.
MR. GROVER: Did you have any jobs at this time? I know it
takes a little money to go out to Olallie Lake. Did you ever
work for pay?
MR. MARSHALL: No, I didn’t until I was 16. Well, I had a
family allowance if I cut the lawn and did little chores like that.
But I remember that to get my bicycle, I had to pay half of it. If
I could save up enough money for half of it, my father would
pay for the other half. These bicycle trips added a lot to my life.
In 1939, when I was 13 years old, Oregon Audubon conducted a
week’s auto trip to Malheur Refuge. My dad’s brother, C. L.
Marshall, set up the logistics for it. But the real leader from a
technical standpoint was Stanley G. Jewett, who was called the
Regional Biologist for what was then the U.S. Biological
Survey. Jewett was co-author with Ira Gabrielson of Birds of
Oregon, which was published in 1940. Jewett took quite an
interest in me as a boy. He would go over our bird notes from
our various trips. We would call him with questions about
birds. We didn’t really have good field guides then. He would
usually say, “You come down to my office.” We’d do down
there and we’d discuss things that we had seen. But the trip to
Malheur really told me that I wanted to be like Jewett, a wildlife
biologist with the Fish and Wildlife Service. I was kind of
headed that way. He advised Tom McAllister and me to get
summer jobs outdoors just as soon as we could even if it was
building trails; this would help lead to careers. When we were
still in our last year of high school the Forest Service recruited
youth for fire control and work crews as well as forest fire
lookouts. Physically fit older young men were in the military.
This was in 1943. Tom McAllister and I both applied and we
got put on the Fremont National Forest. About July 1, at the
beginning of the fire season, both of us were put on fire lookout
stations on peaks. We were seventeen years old. At that point
there were no tourists, and no pleasure travel because of the war.
There was gas rationing. We were put up there alone with no
contact with the outside world except by telephone connected to
the nearest ranger station. Tom was put on Hager Mountain
near Silver Lake and I was on one called Colman Point near
Bly. We kept bird notes of course and that led to an article in
The Auk, the journal of the American Ornithologists’ Union,
titled “Summer Birds of the Fremont National Forest, Oregon.”
We thus published in a professional journal before we’d ever
gone to college. Jewett encouraged us to do this and went over
it before we sent it in. He said that it was fine. It was published
in the April 1945 edition.
In 1944, after high school graduation, the war wasn’t over. I
went into the army air forces. I became an aerial gunner on a B-
17. My position was as the “belly” gunner otherwise known as
the ball turret. I flew four combat missions over Germany and
the war in Europe ended. Then in 1946, I was out of the
military and entered Oregon State College where I majored in
what was then called Fish and Game Management. Tom
McAllister did likewise. We were right away pegged as being
‘different’ because the class, which was all war veterans but
one, and all men of course, enrolled in the major because of an
interest in hunting and fishing. We were the first post-war class
at Oregon State in Fish and Game Management. Tom and I
picked Oregon State because it was one of only two or three
schools that offered a major in that field on the west coast. It
was a really good curriculum. We turned out to be well
prepared for professional positions, even though not one of our
major instructors had a Ph.D. They really worked hard on a
curriculum that would fit what was needed for us. Some of the
classes such as ornithology and mammalogy, I see most people
taking now as graduate students. The agencies at that point
badly needed trained people. It was a case of just getting them
out just as fast as they could. We really weren’t encouraged to
go to graduate school at all.
The summer after I got out of the military, I worked again for
the Forest Service on the Fremont National Forest as a fire
lookout. The summer between my freshman and sophomore
year at OSU I did likewise. Between my sophomore and junior
year, I worked for the National Park Service at Crater Lake
National Park. I wanted to vary my experience, but I was
simply one of those rangers at the gate who pulled in the fees. I
wanted to be a ranger/naturalist, but they wouldn’t hear of it.
They said I didn’t have enough college yet. But I ended up on
the side helping Don Farner, who wrote The Birds of Crater
3
Lake National Park. I wanted to get into the FWS and saw that
I had better head that way. So in about January of 1949 I went
to see Stan Jewett and asked him, “How do I get in to the
FWS”? It was the usual answer, “You come down to my
office”. That was when I was junior at Oregon State. He told
me I should apply for a Student Assistant position and
introduced me to Kenneth F. MacDonald (known as “Mac”),
the regional refuge supervisor (The Portland Regional Office at
that time had the states of WA, OR, CA, ID, NV and MT
assigned to it). They had Student Assistant positions at the Tule
Lake and Malheur Refuges and were going to establish one on
the Stillwater Wildlife Management Area. So I applied and
nothing happened. So I called Jewett again and said, “What do I
do?” He said, “You come down to my office.” I went down
there and he marched me back to see Kenneth McDonald again.
Jewett, I found out, wasn’t too well liked by some of his peers
because of his bluntness. He said, “Mac, do you have this boy a
job or don’t you have a job for him?” Mac kind of chewed
away on his cigar, and grumbled like he did. Finally he said he
did have a job for me. Then Jewett, who was not with refuges
but served as the flyway biologist at that point, told Mac that he
wanted him to put me at Stillwater. Of course, that didn’t set to
good with Mac either.
MR. GROVER: Who was Mac again?
MR. MARSHALL: Mac was the Refuge Supervisor in
Portland. He was a Scotsman who had no biological training
whatsoever. He came to the service from Montana where he
had been in charge of state hatcheries, but he had no formal
training in fish and wildlife. But in many ways he was a good
administrator. Anyway, this was all kind of innocent on my
part. It was all because of who I knew that I got into the FWS.
There was no good formal review of applicants or advertising. I
don’t think it was proper, but that’s what happened. I wanted to
know how I could get in, and Jewett told me to come down to
his office! He was determined that I go to Stillwater. He said it
was a new area. He told Mac that we had virtually no
information on it - no real idea of what the bird or plant life
there. Jewett told Mac, “This is the man who can do it!” This
probably happened in April. In June upon termination of spring
term, I drove to Fallon, Nevada, the headquarters of the
Stillwater Wildlife Management Area, and met Tom Horn, the
Refuge Manager, at his home on an afternoon in early June of
1949. He had arrived on the site with his family several weeks
previously. I believe there might have been one maintenance
man. I drove down there in a surplus World War II jeep that I
had. Tom Horn must have taken a liking to me because I just
talked to him for an hour or two, and he said, “Well, do you see
that jeep over there?” It was a new jeep pickup truck. He said,
“That’s yours for the summer. I want you to inventory
everything that’s here. All the bird and mammal life, plants and
so forth.”
I became very fond of Tom’s family. In fact, I wasn’t there but
for an hour or two when he sent me with his daughter, Nancy,
who was about eight and knew the way to the refuge. She
guided me out there and showed me a piece of it and we came
back to town. The summer turned into a great experience
because I was given a free hand and wrote a report on the area at
the end of the summer. I still have a copy of that report.
During the course of the summer, J. Clark Salyer showed up
with Mac. Salyer was national Chief of the Wildlife Refuge
System. He was an extremely colorful and competent character.
Salyer came to determine what part of this refuge was going to
left open to public hunting. It was a 205,000-acre area of which
we had jurisdiction over about 155,000 acres through an
agreement with the Nevada Fish and Game Commission, the
Truckee-Carson Irrigation District and the FWS. Most of it was
to become open to public hunting. Salyer came to talk to the
local people about what part of the area would be open to public
hunting and what wouldn’t. This is a really interesting piece of
history. He and Mac went on a tour of the refuge with Tom
Horn. They borrowed my jeep pickup that day. It was the only
vehicle with 4-wheel drive, which was essential. There were
almost no roads. Mac was a very fastidious man who didn’t like
a bit of dust or dirt. In the front of the pickup there was just
room for Tom Horn and Salyer. I didn’t get to go because there
wasn’t enough room. But Mac had to sit on a box in the back of
the pickup in all of the dust. Of course, Salyer outranked him
and Tom Horn had to drive! Besides, Salyer delighted in
teasing Mac about his not wanting to get dirty. They had a
meeting that night with the local sportsmen. Salyer drew a line
across the map. He said, “Okay boys, which side do you want?”
This was in reference to which side of the line they wanted for
hunting and which side did they wanted to be closed to hunting.
They were furious because they had been sold on the idea that
they could break it all up into little units and have a little piece
here and a little piece there for refuge and so forth. That didn’t
go over at all. But the map they had of the refuge didn’t have
half of the wetlands delineated at the north end of the area.
There was no good map. I discovered all kinds of marvelous
habitat that wasn’t on the map at all. In fact the map showed
about a third of the wetlands on the area. The local sportsmen
could see that. When Salyer drew that line which looked like an
even split to him, they naturally picked the good half, which had
all of these marvelous wetlands for waterfowl habitat that were
not on the map.
MR. GROVER: They wanted this part as their hunting area?
MR. MARSHALL: Yes, it was to be the hunting area. So they
came out way, way ahead in terms of the hunting area. That
was an interesting experience in how things came about at that
time. But that’s also how I got to come into the service on a
permanent basis. Before that meeting, and after Salyer’s tour of
the area, I walked into the office. It was around 5:30 in the
evening. I came to town for some reason, probably to pick up
the jeep truck. Tom Horn was in the office along with Salyer.
Salyer was standing there in his under shorts. He was changing
his clothes for the meeting. Tom said, “Dave, meet J. Clark
Salyer”! Well I shook hands with Salyer standing there in his
under shorts! Then, Salyer said…he had kind of a funny way of
talking: “How about coming to work for us permanently?”
What brought that on I have no idea. Tom insisted he did not
say anything about me. But I still wonder! But that’s what he
said. I told him, “Yes, I’d like to”. He then said, “Okay, do you
have a girlfriend?” I told him that I did and we were planning
4
on getting married at the end of the summer. Salyer told me to
get Tom to give me three days of leave to go up to Oregon, get
my girlfriend, marry her and bring her back here. He said, “I
want to see what she thinks of this place”. At that time I later
learned, they were very concerned that employees be married
because they were in isolated places and unmarried men didn’t
seem to stay in one place or work long hours, as was customary
then. So in August, I did go home for several days. Betty and I
got married and we drove back down there. We stayed at the
Canvasback Gun Club where I was housed. That took care of
that necessary requirement I guess, in Salyer’s eyes. But like I
said, I guess he really did want to see what Betty thought of the
place because Fallon, Nevada was a pretty isolated area for a lot
of women, I can assure you. So I was back at Stillwater as an
Assistant Refuge Manager beginning in March of 1950 after I
completed the necessary requirements for my B.S. degree from
Oregon State College.
MR. GROVER: So Dave, this was in a permanent position?
MR. MARSHALL: Yes, this was my first permanent
assignment.
MR. GROVER: So you arrived back there with a wife and….
MR. MARSHALL: Yes, and a pregnant wife at that, by then!
But as soon as I had enough credits at Oregon State, which was
in March, I just left. The last courses in the last term didn’t look
too interesting to me. One of them was in big game
management and I wasn’t too interested in that particularly. So
we moved down there in March. The paper said I was Assistant
Refuge Manager, GS-5. But there was also a biologist assigned
there at that time. Tom Horn was not too crazy about him and
he wanted me to be the biologist, so he put the fellow that was
the biologist who had quite a bit of experience, on
administrative duties and I was really the biologist. I felt bad
about that. He was LeRoy Giles. He was really a very
competent guy. We got along great despite what Tom did.
I’d like to back up to one point.
MR. MARSHALL: MacDonald was Supervisor of Refuges in
Oregon, Washington, California, Nevada, Idaho, and Montana.
And he had one Assistant who was good at administrative work.
He name was Wilfred Anderson. He went from being a clerk at
Malheur to being an assistant to MacDonald. The Regional
office staff was two people, plus secretarial help. That’s all
there was. And MacDonald was supervisor then for the Refuge
Managers in those various states. You can see how many
people he had to supervise. You can also see what freedom they
must have had because Mac couldn’t watch over them that
closely.
MR. GROVER: Do you recollect how many refuges there
were, staffed refuges, in this area?
MR. MARSHALL: Well, I would judge about 30 that were
manned plus satellites.
MR. GROVER: How were they typically manned?
MR. MARSHALL: Typically, they were manned by a Refuge
Manager. On the big ones, also by an Assistant Refuge
Manager and several maintenance men and a clerk. That was
the typical staffing. Some of them only had one man on them.
Some of them had two. The big ones like Malheur would have
maybe ten. They were mostly maintenance people.
MR. GROVER: Okay, back to Stillwater. Here you are with a
pregnant wife back at Stillwater. What was your first
assignment there as a permanent employee, living the good life
as a GS-5?
MR.
THE CONTROL OF CEMENT GLAND DEVELOPMENT IN THE CRAYFISH, CAMBARUS
No full textVolume: 103Start Page: 242End Page: 25
UPTAKE OF ORGANIC MATERIAL BY AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES. III. UPTAKE OF GLYCINE BY BRACKISH-WATER ANNELIDS
No full textVolume: 126Start Page: 150End Page: 16
UPTAKE OF NATURALLY OCCURRING PRIMARY AMINES BY MARINE ANNELIDS
No full textVolume: 149Start Page: 397End Page: 40
INDUCTION OF MOLTING IN THE CRAYFISH, CAMBARUS, BY MODIFICATION OF DAILY PHOTOPERIOD
No full textVolume: 108Start Page: 235End Page: 24
Gauduchon-Tod structures, Sim holonomy and de Sitter supergravity
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