2 research outputs found
The Single European Market and SMEs: A Comparison of its Effects in the Food and Clothing Sectors in the UK and Portugal
No full textSMALLBONE D., CUMBERS A., SYRETT S. and LEIGH R. (1999) The Single European Market and SMEs: a comparison of its effects in the food and clothing sectors in the UK and Portugal, Reg. Studies 33 , 51-62. The creation of a Single European Market in 1992 represented an attempt to accelerate the process of European economic integration. However, in terms of the actual impact of the Single Market process, most of the attention so far has concentrated upon the implications for the large firm corporate sector. In comparison, there has been a lack of in-depth analysis of the effects of the Single Market for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), despite the contribution to employment generation that is often prescribed for them in policy terms. This paper seeks to stimulate a more informed debate about the consequences of the Single Market for SMEs by contrasting the effects on firms in different spatial and sectoral contexts, drawing upon original survey evidence of SMEs in the food and clothing sectors in the UK and Portugal. SMALLBONE D., CUMBERS A., SYRETT S. et LEIGH R. (1999) Le marcheunique europeenet les PME: une comparaison de ses effets dans les secteurs de l'alimenation et de l'habillement au Royaume-Uni et au Portugal, Reg. Studies 33 , 51-62. L'etablissement d'un marche unique europeen en 1992 a represente une tentative d'accelerer le processus d'integration economique europeenne. Cependant, l'impact reelde l'echeance1992 s'etait fait sentir largement sur les grandes societes. Parcontre, rares sont les recherches approfondies quant a l'impact du marche unique sur les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), en depit de leur ro⁁le de createurs d'emploi. Puisant dans les resultats des enque⁁tes originelles aupres des secteurs de l'alimentation et de l'habillement au Royaume-Uni et au Portugal, cet article cherche a susciter une discussion plus fondee sur les consequences du marche unique pour ce qui est des PME en comparant les effets sur les entreprises dans des contextes geographiqueset sectoriels differents. SMALLBONE D., CUMBERS A., SYRETT S. und LEIGH R. (1999) Der europaische Binnenmarkt und klein-bis mittelgrosse Unternehmen (SMC): ein Vergleich seiner Auswirkungen auf die Bereiche Lebensmittel und Bekleidung im Vereinigten Konigreich und Portugal, Reg. Studies 33 , 51-62. Die Schaffung eines europaischen Binnenmarktes im Jahre 1992 stellte einen Versuch dar, den Prozess des europaischen wirtschaftlichen Zusammenschlusses zu beschleunigen. Bisher hat sich jedoch die Aufmerksamkeit unter dem Aspekt der tatsachlichen Auswirkung des Binnenmarktprozesses auf die Implikationen furden korporativen Grossfirmensektor konzentriert. Im Vergleich damit fehlt es trotz des zur Schaffung von Arbeitsplazen geleisteten Beitrags, die politische Stellungnahme ihnen oft zuschreibt, an grundlichen Analysen der Auswirkungen des Binnenmarktsauf kleineund mittelgrosse Unternehmen (Small and Medium Enterprises - SME). Dieser Aufsatz sucht, eine besser fundierte Diskussion uberdie Konsequenzen des Binnenmarkts fur kleine und mittlere Unternehmen in Gang zu bringen, indem er die Auswirkungen auf Firmen in verschiedenen raumlichen und betriebssektoralen Zusammenhangen gegenubersellt, wozu Beweise von ursprunglichen Gutachten uber SME im Lebensmittel- und Bekleidungssektor im Vereinigten Konigreich und Portugal herangezogen werden.Single Market, Smes, Spatial And Sectoral Contrasts, Food, Clothing, Marche Unique, Pme, Contrastes Geographiques Et Sectoriels, Alimentation, Habillement, Binnenmarkt, Kleine Und Mittlere Unternehmen, Gegensatze Von Raum Und Betriebssektor, Lebensmittel, Bekleidung,
The intimacy which is knowledge : female friendship in the novels of women writers
No full textThe thesis offers a historical account of the
representation of friendship in the novels of English
women writers from the nineteenth century to the
present. Questioning the prevalent understanding of the
history of women's friendship in terms of a single major
rupture, from nineteenth-century 'innocence' to
twentieth-century 'guilt', the thesis identifies
narrative configurations which recur throughout this,
period, and which define friendship as a formative
learning experience integrally related to the
acquisition of gendered identity. It concludes that
there can be no final and 'perfect' representation of
friendship, since the nature of the "knowledge' shared
has continually shifted in relation to changing
understandings of femininity.
Chapter 1 identifies the origins and nature of the
Victorian concept of the "second self", in which the
friend acts as the mirror of, and means of access to, an
idealised female subjectivity. Chapter 2 analyses the
ways in which this concept informs the narrative
patterns and rituals in Victorian fictions of
friendship. Chapter 3 offers a new reading of novels by
Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot and Charlotte Bronte, in
which the conventions identified in Chapter 2 are
adapted to question the existing boundaries of feminine
identity. Chapter 4 examines the impact of changes in
women's education upon the representation of friendship
in turn-of-the-century feminist and anti-feminist
novels, and in a new genre, the school story for girls.
Chapter 5 shows that the scientific construct of
lesbianism produced a new distinction between the
'healthy' and the 'unhealthy' relationship, but that the
terms of this distinction were contested; in
twentieth-century novels of the 'gyriaeceum', the
tradition continues, but is newly eroticised. Chapter 6
looks at friendship as 'revision' in recent English and
American novels, in which earlier configurations are
redeployed in the light of contemporary feminist concern
to recuperate and re-imagine the past
