829 research outputs found
Data for Cook, Lewandowsky & Ecker (2017)
No full textData for Experiments 1 & 2 for Cook, Lewandowsky & Ecker (2017). Neutralizing Misinformation Through Inoculation: Exposing Misleading Argumentation Techniques Reduces Their Influence. PLOS ONE
Data from: Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their influence
No full text<b>External Organisations</b><br/>George Mason University; University of Bristol<b>Associated Persons</b><br/>John Cook (Creator)Misinformation can undermine a well-functioning democracy. For example, public misconceptions about climate change can lead to lowered acceptance of the reality of climate change and lowered support for mitigation policies. This study experimentally explored the impact of misinformation about climate change and tested several pre-emptive interventions designed to reduce the influence of misinformation. We found that false-balance media coverage (giving contrarian views equal voice with climate scientists) lowered perceived consensus overall, although the effect was greater among conservatives. Likewise, misinformation that confuses people about the level of scientific agreement regarding anthropogenic global warming (AGW) had a polarizing effect, with political conservatives reducing their acceptance of AGW and political liberals increasing their acceptance of AGW. However, we found that inoculating messages that (1) explain the flawed argumentation technique used in the misinformation or that (2) highlight the scientific consensus on climate change were effective in neutralizing those adverse effects of misinformation. We recommend that climate communication messages should take into account ways in which scientific content can be distorted, and include pre-emptive inoculation messages.,Data for Cook, Lewandowsky & Ecker (2017)Data for Experiments 1 & 2 for Cook, Lewandowsky & Ecker (2017). Neutralizing Misinformation Through Inoculation: Exposing Misleading Argumentation Techniques Reduces Their Influence. PLOS ONE.Cook_data_anonymized.zip
The Conspiracy Theory Handbook
No full textConspiracy theories attempt to explain events as the secretive plots of powerful people. While conspiracy theories are not typically supported by evidence, this doesn’t stop them from blossoming. Conspiracy theories damage society in a number of ways. To help minimize these harmful effects, The Conspiracy Theory Handbook, by Stephan Lewandowsky and John Cook, explains why conspiracy theories are so popular, how to identify the traits of conspiratorial thinking, and what are effective response strategies.
The Handbook distills the most important research findings and expert advice on dealing with conspiracy theories. It also introduces the abbreviation CONSPIR which serves as a mnemonic to more easily remember these seven traits of conspiratorial thinking: Contradictory Overriding suspicion Nefarious intent Something must be wrong Persecuted Victim Immune to Evidence Re-interpreting Randomness
Originally in English and translated into French, German, Hungarian, Portuguese, Spanish, Greek, Italian, Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Czech, Croatian, Polish, Swedish, Romanian, and Slovak
Phonological similarity in serial recall: Constraints on theories of memory
No full textIn short-term serial recall, similar-sounding items are remembered more poorly than items that do not sound alike. When lists mix similar and dissimilar items, performance on the dissimilar items is of considerable theoretical interest. Farrell and Lewandowsky [Farrell, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2003). Dissimilar items benefit from phonological similarity in serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 838–849.] recently showed that if guessing strategies are controlled, dissimilar items on mixed lists are recalled more accurately than on pure dissimilar lists, a finding that challenges several current theories of serial recall. This article presents two experiments that extend the generality of the mixed-list advantage for dissimilar items and then applies three theories of memory—the primacy model, SIMPLE, and SOB—to the data. The simulations show that the data are best explained by the SOB theory [Farrell, S. (2006). Mixed-list phonological similarity effects in delayed serial recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 587-600; Farrell, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2002). An endogenous distributed model of ordering in serial recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 59–79.] which, unlike most other current theories, posits that similarity has an effect at the time of encoding.In short-term serial recall, similar-sounding items are remembered more poorly than items that do not sound alike. When lists mix similar and dissimilar items, performance on the dissimilar items is of considerable theoretical interest. Farrell and Lewandowsky [Farrell, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2003). Dissimilar items benefit from phonological similarity in serial recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 838–849.] recently showed that if guessing strategies are controlled, dissimilar items on mixed lists are recalled more accurately than on pure dissimilar lists, a finding that challenges several current theories of serial recall. This article presents two experiments that extend the generality of the mixed-list advantage for dissimilar items and then applies three theories of memory—the primacy model, SIMPLE, and SOB—to the data. The simulations show that the data are best explained by the SOB theory [Farrell, S. (2006). Mixed-list phonological similarity effects in delayed serial recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 587-600; Farrell, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2002). An endogenous distributed model of ordering in serial recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 59–79.] which, unlike most other current theories, posits that similarity has an effect at the time of encoding
PSCI 2013 extended **superseded by 10.5523/bris.3epws48ek1oyb217so2fzwr3cv**
No full text**This data set has been superseded by DOI: 10.5523/bris.3epws48ek1oyb217so2fzwr3cv** Extended data set for the study reported in Lewandowsky, S., Oberauer, K., & Gignac, G. E. (2013). NASA faked the moon landing—therefore (climate) science is a hoax: An anatomy of the motivated rejection of science. Psychological Science, 24, 622-633. (DOI: 10.1177/0956797612457686). Most of the variable names are as explained in Table 2 in the article (see pdf that is part of this deposit). In addition, the data set contains variables mentioned in the online supplement, such as the satisfaction with life scale (variables LifeIdeal, LifeExcellent, LifeSatis, LifeGotIt, LifeNoChange). It additionally contains an item (IraqNot4WMD: “The Iraq War in 2003 was launched for reasons other than to remove Weapons of Mass Destruction WMD from Iraq”) that is explained in prior research (Lewandowsky, S., Stritzke, W. G. K., Oberauer, K., & Morales, M., 2005, Memory for fact, fiction, and misinformation: The Iraq War 2003. Psychological Science, 16, 190-195.
GEC 2016 Supplementary experiment
No full textData for the supplementary rating experiment reported in Lewandowsky, S.; Ballard, T.; Oberauer, K. & Benestad, R. A blind expert test of contrarian claims about climate data Global Environmental Change, 2016, 39, 91-97 (doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.04.013) in which climate scientists evaluated contrarian claims about climate data. The data set and R script are explained in the README.txt file
PSCI 2013 Extended Update
No full text**This dataset supersedes the previously published version at https://doi.org/10.5523/bris.17856rwmxv3pb19ywtm4ejzm2q** Extended data set for the study reported in Lewandowsky, S., Oberauer, K., & Gignac, G. E. (2013). NASA faked the moon landing—therefore (climate) science is a hoax: An anatomy of the motivated rejection of science. Psychological Science, 24, 622-633. (DOI: 10.1177/0956797612457686)
PLOS ONE 2013
No full textData as reported in Lewandowsky, S., Gignac, G. E., & Oberauer, K. (2013). The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science. PLOS ONE, 8, e75637. (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075637). The variable names are as explained in Table 1 in the article. See Method section of the article for further details on interpretation
Pillars of judgment : how memory abilities, task feedback, and cognitive load guide judgment strategies
No full textMaking judgments is an essential part of everyday life and how people form a
judgment has instigated a plethora of research. Research in judgment and categorization has
particularly contrasted two types of judgment strategies: rule-based and similarity-based
strategies. Recent research suggests that people can make use of both rule- and similaritybased
strategies and frequently shift between these strategies. To select between strategies,
contingency approaches propose that people trade off the strategies’ accuracy against the
effort needed to execute strategy so that the selected strategy matches the demands of the task
environment and the capabilities of the decision maker. This dissertation presents three papers
investigating how accuracy-effort trade-offs between rule-based and similarity-based
judgment strategies change strategy selection in judgment and categorization tasks.
The first paper studies how reducing working memory by imposing a cognitive load
may foster shifts to a less demanding similarity-based strategy and, in turn, enhances
judgment performance in tasks well solved by a similarity-based strategy, but not in tasks for
which rules are better suited. The second paper compares judgment strategies to strategies
people apply in categorization. It shows that the same task characteristics, namely the number
of cues and the functional relationship between cues and criterion, foster shifts between rulebased
and similarity-based strategies in judgment and categorization. The third manuscript
explores which memory abilities underlie rule-based and similarity-based judgments.
Specifically, it shows that working memory predicts to a stronger degree how well people
solve rule-based judgment tasks, whereas episodic memory is more closely linked to
judgment performance in similarity-based tasks. Furthermore, episodic memory also predicts
selecting a similarity-based strategy, but not working memory
PSCI 2013
No full textData as reported in Lewandowsky, S., Oberauer, K., & Gignac, G. E. (2013). NASA faked the moon landing—therefore (climate) science is a hoax: An anatomy of the motivated rejection of science. Psychological Science, 24, 622-633. (DOI: 10.1177/0956797612457686). The variable names are as explained in Table 2 in the article. (See the pdf that is part of this deposit.) An extended data set for the same study that includes variables mentioned in the online supplement but that were not analyzed, is also available on this website (DOI: 10.5523/bris.17856rwmxv3pb19ywtm4ejzm2q)
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