2,217 research outputs found
Neotypification and taxonomic status of Opephyllum martensii Schmitz in Schmitz et Hauptfleisch (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Zamboanga, Southern Philippines
No full textThe monotypic delesseriaceous genus Opephyllum was created by Schmitz in Schmitz and Hauptfleisch for O. martensii, represented by a single collection from Zamboanga on the southwestern tip of Mindanao in the southern Philippines. As the type specimen or collection is no longer in existence, we are neotypifying the taxon based on recent topotype collections made in the spring of 1998. After comparison of this material with species of Martensia from the Indo-Pacific region and Caribbean Sea based on morphological evidence and sequence analysis of chloroplast-encoded rbcL and the nuclear-encoded large subunit ribosomal DNA gene (LSU rDNA), we conclude that Opephyllum is not generically distinct from Martensia despite its lack of the reticulate fenestrations that characterize fronds of every other species of the latter. We therefore propose the new combination Martensia martensii (Schmitz in Schmitz et Hauptfleisch) Lin, Fredericq et Liao for this rare member of the tribe Martensieae, subfamily Nitophylloideae.TR: CS0213352Source type: Electronic(1
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with peptides by electrostatic interactions
No full textISSN:1551-7004ISSN:1424-6369ISSN:1424-6376ISSN:1551-7012ISSN:1424-6369ISSN:1424-6376ISSN:1551-701
Abaristophora arctophila Schmitz 1927
No full textAbaristophora arctophila Schmitz, 1927 Figs 1–13 Material examined: LECTOTYPE 3, herewith designated, RUSSIA: “Kamtschatka: / Jawino. / 7.VIII. 1917 / Y. Wuorentaus ” [FMNH]. Condition poor, without head, wings, and legs, but fully identifiable. “Anaristophora [sic] / arctophila / Schmitz 3 / n.g. n.sp. / Syntype ” “Mus. Zool. H:fors / Spec. typ. 4718 / Anaristophora / arctophila Schmitz ”. Paralectotype 3, RUSSIA, “Kamtschatka: / Jawino. / 7.VIII. 1917 / Y. Wuorentaus.” Further labels: “Anaristophora [sic] / arctophila / n.g. n.sp. / Schmitz / Syntype ” and “Rest im 1 mikr.Präp.” Head and fore legs glued to a piece of cardboard on a pin, remaining parts mounted on a slide labelled “ Abaristophora / s.str. arcto- / phila Schmitz / 3 ” [ZFMK]. Additional material: 2 Ƥ 50 3 SWEDEN: Västerbotten, Vindelns Kommun, Kulbäckslidens försökspark, bog edge at Degerö Stormyr (Trap ID 59, N 64 ° 10.899 ’, E 19 ° 33.548 ’), 01.viii– 18.viii. 2003 (coll. event ID 211), Swedish Malaise Trap Project, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. [1 Ƥ 1 3 coated with goldplatinum and mounted on a SEM stub, deposited in ZMUC, other material deposited in SMNH.] Description. Male, see Schmitz (1927, 1929, 1951). Female. Frons brown, triangular, slightly longer than broad and protruding between antennae, equipped with numerous strong hairs. The pre-ocellar bristles are slightly further apart than the antials and situated lower on the frons than the mediolaterals. The anterolaterals are much higher on the frons than the antials and not particularly close to the eye margins. Antials are low on the frons, and a line between the antial socket and the base of the palp is in front of the antennal insertion. Postpedicel brown, without apparent subcutaneous pit sensilla. Palp light brown at base grading into straw yellowish at tip, about 4–5 times as long as greatest breadth (viewed from above), with 6 bristles and 4 times as many hairs. Proboscis light brown and very elongate, almost as long as combined length of thorax plus abdomen. Labella straw yellow with only a few small spinules in addition to the 8 hairs. Thorax brown with 3 bristles on notopleuron, the most anterior being the strongest. Scutellum with an anterior pair of hairs and a posterior pair of bristles. Mesopleuron with 9–10 hairs close behind the anterior spiracle. Abdomen with brown tergites and light brown venter. The hairs of the tergites short and sparse and found mainly in the posterior half and in particular on or near posterior margin, with hairs of T 6 stronger and more numerous. Legs mainly brown except for light brown or straw yellow fore tibiae and all tarsi. Fore tibia with 17–18 anterodorsal small spines of about equal length, proximal larger and set in a proportionally larger socket, and numerous similar anteroventral spines. Fore tarsus with a posterior hair palisade on segments 1–3 and an anterodorsal palisade on segment 1, segment 5 a little longer than 4. Mid tibia with a near dorsal hair palisade extending 0.8 time its length, with an anterior bristle just before end of first quarter and a posterodorsal bristle just above this, with 4 hair combs on the anterior face of last third and apically with an anterior and a posteroventral bristle, the latter twice as long as the former. Mid tarsus with anterodorsal, anteroventral, posterodorsal and posteroventral hair palisades on segments 1–2, and segment 5 as long as 4. Hind tibia with a dorsal hair palisade in full length, with a small anterodorsal bristle just beyond end of first quarter, 1 small anterodorsal pre-apical bristle, and a long and a short spur. Hind tarsus with a posterodorsal hair palisade on segments 1–3. Wing vein 3 with 2–3 small hairs at base, and with 4 axillary bristles. Costa expands in distal half so become about as wide as the slightly expanded tip of vein 3. Thick veins light brown. Sc very pale and fading away before encountering vein 3. Veins 4– 6 very pale and 7 not evident. Vein 4 has its pale base is sharply curved anteriorly so that it meets vein 3 at about 90 o. Vein 5 is almost straight. Vein 6 starts off divergent and straight before curving apically to be about parallel with vein 5 before curving away to meet the wing margin at about 90 o. Membrane almost colourless. Haltere with brown stem and dark brown knob. Distribution. Palaearctic (Estonia, Russia [Far East], Sweden). Remarks. Abaristophora arctophila is morphologically very similar to A. sachalinensis, as interpreted from the detailed and well-illustrated redescription of the latter by Nakayama & Shima (2006). These authors mentioned that A. sachalinensis is distinguished from other species of Abaristophora (s.str.) by the absence of a tibial bristle on the fore tibia. Male hypopygium of Abaristophora arctophila differs from that of A. sachalinensis by presenting a slightly narrower (or more saddle-shaped) epandrium in strict, right, lateral view and having the anterior basal plate of the phallus apically truncated and with a short, posteriorly directed process. Abaristophora sachalinensis has the anterior basal plate rounded apically and without any posterior process (compare Figs 8, 9, 11, 12 with relevant figures in Nakayama & Shima 2006). Both the male and the female from the series of Abaristophora arctophila from Sweden that were examined under the SEM had several pollen grains of Hieracium sp. sticking to the microtrichiae (e.g., on the palps, Fig. 6), thus indicating that the species is visiting the inflorescences of Asteraceae. The biology of members of Abaristophora is otherwise unknown (Nakayama & Shima 2006). Discussion and lectotype designation. Abaristophora arctophila was described from two males, none of which was designated as holotype (Schmitz 1927). The species was later redescribed twice (Schmitz 1929, 1951), and in both cases Schmitz explicitly referred to the “ Holotype in Mus. Helsingfors”. While it seems evident that Schmitz had a preference for the specimen in FMNH to be name-bearing, none of his works fulfil the requirement for an explicit selection given by ICZN Article 74.5, which states: “When the original work reveals that the taxon had been based on more than one specimen, a subsequent use of the term " holotype " does not constitute a valid lectotype designation unless the author, when wrongly using that term, explicitly indicated that he or she was selecting from the type series that particular specimen to serve as the name-bearing type ”. Schmitz’ (1929, 1951) use of the word “ Holotype ” is not in itself a formal lectotype designation, and there is nothing to indicate that he made a selection among the two syntypes. While the apparent conspecificity of the two specimens of the original type series may arguably make a lectotype designation redundant from a taxonomic point of view, we consider Schmitz’ (1929) reference to the FMNH specimen as the holotype justification for a formal selection of this specimen to be the name-bearing specimen and therefore to serve as a recognized standard of reference for any future nomenclatural issues relating to the identity of the nominal taxon. The head, wings and legs of the lectotype most probably were removed to be mounted separately, but no slides were recovered neither in Helsinki nor in the Schmitz collection at the Museum Koenig in Bonn, Germany. Still, the abdomen remains fully intact and with the hypopygium sufficiently exposed to allow a detailed study, here confirming the conspecificity of the lectotype and the additional specimens from Sweden. No attempt was made to retrieve and study the strongly damaged Estonian specimen as the absence of a hypopygium would prevent a conclusive identification. The wing venation of the Estonian specimen (Schmitz 1951, fig. 77), however, leaves no doubt that it belongs to Abaristophora (s.str.), and we consider an assignment to A. arctophila to be the best corroborated working hypothesis.Published as part of Pape, Thomas, Ulefors, Sven-Olof & Disney, R. Henry L., 2013, Palaearctic Abaristophora (Diptera: Phoridae): First female of A. arctophila Schmitz, 1927 and a new species from N. W. Russia, pp. 249-256 in Zootaxa 3681 (3) on pages 250-253, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3681.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/21622
Large Multicountry Outbreak of Invasive Listeriosis by a Listeria monocytogenes ST394 Clone Linked to Smoked Rainbow Trout, 2020 to 2021
No full textWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) has revolutionized surveillance of infectious diseases. Disease outbreaks can now be detected with high precision, and correct attribution of infection sources has been improved. Listeriosis, caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, is a foodborne disease with a high case fatality rate and a large proportion of outbreak-related cases. Timely recognition of listeriosis outbreaks and precise allocation of food sources are important to prevent further infections and to promote public health. We report the WGS-based identification of a large multinational listeriosis outbreak with 55 cases that affected Germany, Austria, Denmark, and Switzerland during 2020 and 2021. Clinical isolates formed a highly clonal cluster (called Ny9) based on core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Routine and ad hoc investigations of food samples identified L. monocytogenes isolates from smoked rainbow trout filets from a Danish producer grouping with the Ny9 cluster. Patient interviews confirmed consumption of rainbow trout as the most likely infection source. The Ny9 cluster was caused by a MLST sequence type (ST) ST394 clone belonging to molecular serogroup IIa, forming a distinct clade within molecular serogroup IIa strains. Analysis of the Ny9 genome revealed clpY, dgcB, and recQ inactivating mutations, but phenotypic characterization of several virulence-associated traits of a representative Ny9 isolate showed that the outbreak strain had the same pathogenic potential as other serogroup IIa strains. Our report demonstrates that international food trade can cause multicountry outbreaks that necessitate cross-border outbreak collaboration. It also corroborates the relevance of ready-to-eat smoked fish products as causes for listeriosis. IMPORTANCE Listeriosis is a severe infectious disease in humans and characterized by an exceptionally high case fatality rate. The disease is transmitted through consumption of food contaminated by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Outbreaks of listeriosis often occur but can be recognized and stopped through implementation of whole-genome sequencing-based pathogen surveillance systems. We here describe the detection and management of a large listeriosis outbreak in Germany and three neighboring countries. This outbreak was caused by rainbow trout filet, which was contaminated by a L. monocytogenes clone belonging to sequence type ST394. This work further expands our knowledge on the genetic diversity and transmission routes of an important foodborne pathogen
Comparison of intestinal permeability, morphology, and ileal microbial communities of commercial hens housed in conventional cages and cage-free housing systems
No full textThe gastrointestinal health of poultry can be impacted by a variety of factors including their environment. As egg production moves from conventional cage housing (CC) toward cage-free housing (CF), it is important to understand this impact on intestinal health. This study was conducted to determine if housing type impacted intestinal permeability, morphology, and microbial communities in commercial hens across housing systems. Hens were randomly selected from 2 rooms of CC (n = 25) and CF (n = 25) at a commercial facility. Birds were given fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D) by oral gavage to measure intestinal permeability. Jejunal and ileal samples were collected to evaluate villus height, crypt depth, and their ratio. Ileal contents were collected for bacterial DNA isolation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Serum FITC-D was similar between housing type (P = 0.709). Hens housed in the CF had increased jejunal villus height and crypt depth compared with hens from the CC (P This article is published as Wiersema, Maddison L., Lucas R. Koester, Stephan Schmitz-Esser, and Dawn A. Koltes. "Comparison of intestinal permeability, morphology, and ileal microbial communities of commercial hens housed in conventional cages and cage-free housing systems." Poultry Science 100 (2021): 1178-1191. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.052. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).</p
Das Land der Wirklichkeit und Das wirkliche Deutschland. Die kulturkritischen Transfers des Oskar A. H. Schmitz (1873‑1931) zwischen Krieg und Frieden
No full textDer Schriftsteller Oskar A. H. Schmitz (1873–1931) reiste um die Jahrhundertwende oft nach Frankreich und vermittelte dem deutschen Publikum im späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert kulturelles Wissen von Frankreich. Während er vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg Frankreich den Deutschen als Vorbild empfahl, um die Krise der Moderne zu überwinden, distanzierte er sich im Ersten Weltkrieg von Frankreich. An den Texten von Schmitz lässt sich zeigen, dass die Kulturkritik nicht nur ein national selbstbezügliches Phänomen darstellt, sondern dass sich deutsche Kulturkritik auch im internationalen Kontext und in der Auseinandersetzung mit Frankreich herausbildet. Während des Ersten Weltkriegs nationalisierte und politisierte sich die Kulturkritik von Schmitz. Die Politisierung der Kulturkritik blieb auch nach 1918 erhalten, aber Schmitz öffnete sich nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg wieder international.Au tournant du siècle, l’écrivain Oskar A. H. Schmitz (1873-1931) a souvent voyagé en France et transmis sa connaissance de la culture française au public allemand de la fin du XIXe et du début du XXe siècle. Avant le début de la Première Guerre mondiale, il a conseillé aux Allemands de prendre la France comme modèle pour vaincre la crise de la modernité, mais pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, il a pris ses distances par rapport à la France. Les essais de Schmitz permettent de démontrer que la « Kulturkritik » est non seulement un phénomène national autoréférentiel, mais que la « Kulturkritik » allemande s’est aussi constituée dans un contexte international et en conflit avec la France. Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, la « Kulturkritik » de Schmitz s’est nationalisée et politisée. La politisation de la « Kulturkritik » s’est poursuivie après 1918, mais après la Première Guerre mondiale, Schmitz s’est de nouveau ouvert aux tendances internationales.At the turn of the century the German author Oskar A. H. Schmitz (1873–1931) frequently travelled to France and brought knowledge of French culture to the German public in the late 19th and early 20th century. Before World War I he recommended France as a role model to the Germans, so as to help overcome the crisis of modernism. However, during World War I he distanced himself from France. Schmitz’ essays can be read as evidence of the fact that German “Kulturkritik” is not just a national self-referential phenomenon, but is embedded in an international context and grows out of the conflict with France. During World War I Schmitz’s “Kulturkritik” nationalised and politicised itself more and more. After 1918 the politicised “Kulturkritik” persisted, but Schmitz once again became receptive to international currents of thought
Complete genome sequences generated using hybrid Nanopore-Illumina assembly of two non-typical Avibacterium paragallinarum strains isolated from clinically normal chicken flocks
No full textWe report the complete genome sequences of two non-typical Avibacterium paragallinarum (AP) strains isolated from chickens in the absence of clinical signs. The availability of these genomes can aid scientists in improving current diagnostics and increase our understanding of AP epidemiology and pathogenicity in chickens.This article is published as Hashish, Amro, Maria Chaves, Nubia R. Macedo, Yuko Sato, Stephan Schmitz-Esser, Daniel Wilson, and Mohamed El-Gazzar. "Complete genome sequences generated using hybrid Nanopore-Illumina assembly of two non-typical Avibacterium paragallinarum strains isolated from clinically normal chicken flocks." Microbiology Resource Announcements (2023): e00128-23. doi:10.1128/MRA.00128-23. © 2023 Hashish et al. This is an openaccess
article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</a
Plasmids contribute to food processing environment–associated stress survival in three Listeria monocytogenes ST121, ST8, and ST5 strains
No full textListeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen responsible for the disease listeriosis and is commonly isolated from food and food production facilities. Many L. monocytogenes strains contain plasmids, though the contributions of plasmids to survival in food production environments is unknown. Three L. monocytogenes ST5, ST8, and ST121 strains containing plasmids, which harbor putative stress response genes, were cured of their plasmids. Wildtype (WT) and plasmid-cured strains were exposed to disinfectant, oxidative, heat, acid, or salt stress. After stress exposure, cells were plated for colony forming unit (CFU) counts to determine survivors. L. monocytogenes WT strains exposed to 0.01% (vol/vol) H2O2, 1% (vol/vol) lactic acid, and 15% (wt/vol) NaCl, pH 5 showed significantly higher counts of survivors compared to the plasmid-cured strains. The number of survivors for the ST5 WT strain exposed to 10 μg/mL benzalkonium chloride (BC) was significantly higher than in the plasmid-cured strain. The ST8 and ST5 strains were exposed to elevated temperature (50° and 55°C respectively); only the ST5 WT strain had significantly higher numbers of survivors than the plasmid-cured strains. Our data revealed that L. monocytogenes ST5, ST8, and ST121 plasmids contribute to tolerance against elevated temperature, salinity, acidic environments, oxidative stress and disinfectants.This is a manuscript of an article published as Naditz, Annabel L., Monika Dzieciol, Martin Wagner, and Stephan Schmitz-Esser. "Plasmids contribute to food processing environment–associated stress survival in three Listeria monocytogenes ST121, ST8, and ST5 strains." International journal of food microbiology 299 (2019): 39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.016. Posted with permission. </p
Eight complete and four draft genome sequences of nonpathogenic Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from naive, healthy layer chickens in the USA
No full textAvibacterium paragallinarum is a primary bacterial pathogen causing infectious coryza (IC), a respiratory disease of chickens. However, nonpathogenic Avibacterium paragallinarum (npAP) has been discovered in naive, healthy chickens, complicating IC diagnosis. Here, we report eight complete and four draft genome sequences of npAP isolates from four US states.This article is published as Shelkamy, Mostafa MS, Amro Hashish, Mariela E. Srednik, Eman Gadu, Maria Chaves, Nubia Macedo, Qijing Zhang, Yuko Sato, Stephan Schmitz-Esser, and Mohamed El-Gazzar. "Eight complete and four draft genome sequences of nonpathogenic Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from naive, healthy layer chickens in the USA." Microbiology Resource Announcements (2025): e01334-24.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01334-24.This work has been funded by the Egg Industry Center Grant number SG2706645 and the US Poultry and Egg Association Board Initiative Grant project # BRF-17
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