135 research outputs found
У пошуках «партнера», або як Олицька школа стала філією Замойської академії
No full textУ статті аналізується заснування Олицької семінарії/колегіуму в контексті намірів людей, що були до цього причетні. Зокрема, обговорено стан церковної освіти в Луцькій католицькій дієцезії кінця XVI — першої третини ст. та гіпотетичні причини закладення семінарії не в Луцьку, а в Олиці, малому приватному містечку Радзивилів. Під цим кутом зору розглянуто заходи зі створення нового навчального закладу його ініціатора, олицького препозита Францишека Ксаверія Заєрського, а також підтримку цієї ініціативи тогочасним власником Олики князем Альбрехтом Радзивилом. Висунуто припущення, що Олику було обрано місцем заснування нової школи, з одного боку, з метою «підготовки кадрів» (управлінських і церковних) для Олицької ординації Радзвилів, а з другого — аби уникнути конкуренції із Луцьким єзуїтським колегіумом. Проаналізовано організаційні засади функціонування Олицької школи як навчального закладу з «подвійним» — церковним і світським — статусом; окрему увагу зосереджено на причинах та обставинах перетворення Олицької школи у 1637 р. на академічну колонію Замойської академії та представлено характер взаємодії між олицьким осередком і Академією
Geopolítica clásica, geopolítica neoclásica: ¿Hacia un nuevo paradigma de interpretación de la realidad internacional?
No full textEste trabalho tem como objetivo analisar de modo introdutório a contribuição de Halford Mackinder para o estudo da política internacional, bem como suas implicações para a geopolítica das potências mundiais, nos anos em que atuou como analista. Da mesma forma, também se destina a analisar comparativamente as contribuições da geopolítica clássica de George Friedman, e sua análise dos acontecimentos políticos no ambiente internacional, em relação ao desempenho das principais potências do mundo contemporâneo.El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo revisar a modo introductorio los principales aportes de Halford Mackinder al estudio de la política internacional desde una perspectiva “geo” y sus implicancias para los acontecimientos geopolíticos más importantes de las potencias mundiales en los años que le tocó transcurrir como analista. Así mismo, se pretende también analizar, comparativamente, los aportes de la geopolítica neoclásica de George Friedman, y sus análisis sobre los acontecimientos políticos del ambiente internacional, en relación a la actuación de las principales potencias mundiales contemporáneas.The present article has the aim of reviewing in an introductory way, the main goals of Halford Mackinder to the study of the international politics but from a “geo” perspective, and its implications into the geopolitical affairs from his time. Also, this article has the aim of analyze, in a comparative way, the contributions of what the author calls “neoclassical” geopolitics of George Friedman with his studies of political issues on the international arena.Fil: Blinder, Daniel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Humanidades. Centro de Estudios de Historia de la Ciencia y de la Técnica "José Babini"; Argentin
Gender employment discrimination : Greece and the United Kingdom
No full textPurpose: This study examines the factors affecting the labour market status of females in Greece and the UK respectively, and also attempts to explore what accounts for the differences in the employment status between males and females. In particular, the study assesses whether these differences can be explained by employees’ endowments or by discrimination in the labour market.
Methodology-Approach: Labour Force Survey (LFS) data are used to examine the impact of observable characteristics on female labour market participation,unemployment and self-employment through the use of logit models. An extension of
the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique is used to estimate the gender employment discrimination gap.
Findings: Clear evidence of gender differences was found in both countries, although differences are substantially larger in the case of Greece. Evidence of female
employment discrimination was also found in both labour markets.
Originality/Value: The paper explores the factors affecting the labour market situation of females, and for the first time, assesses the level of gender employment
discrimination in Greece and the UK analysing the differences on the unemployment rates of males and females
New Century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Latin America
No full textThis paper surveys gender and ethnic wage gaps in 18 Latin American countries, decomposing differences using matching comparisons as a non-parametric alternative to the Blinder-Oaxaca (BO) decomposition. It is found that men earn 9-27 percent more than women, with high cross-country heterogeneity. The unexplained pay gap is higher among older, informal and self-employed workers and those in small firms. Ethnic wage differences are greater than gender differences, and educational attainment differentials play an important role in explaining the gap. Higher ethnic wage gaps are found among males, singleincome generators of households and full-time workers, and in rural areas. An important share of the ethnic wage gap is due to the scarcity of minorities in highpaid positions.gender, ethnicity, wage gaps, Latin America, matching
New Century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Latin America
No full textThis paper surveys gender and ethnic wage gaps in 18 Latin American countries, decomposing differences using matching comparisons as a non-parametric alternative to the Blinder-Oaxaca (BO) decomposition. It is found that men earn 9-27 percent more than women, with high cross-country heterogeneity. The unexplained pay gap is higher among older, informal and self-employed workers and those in small firms. Ethnic wage differences are greater than gender differences, and educational attainment differentials play an important role in explaining the gap. Higher ethnic wage gaps are found among males, single-income generators of households and full-time workers, and in rural areas. An important share of the ethnic wage gap is due to the scarcity of minorities in high-paid positions.gender, ethnicity, wage gaps, Latin America, matching
Female Managers and their Wages in Central Europe
No full textThis paper examines the gender gaps in employment and wages among top- and lower-level managerial employees in a recent sample of Czech firms. Unlike the existing analyses of managerial gender pay gaps, we acknowledge the adverse consequences of the low and uneven representation of women for the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and offer an alternative set of results based on a matching procedure. Only 7% of top-level Czech managers are women and their wages are about 20 percent lower even when compared only to their comparable male colleagues.gender pay gap; managers
The macroeconomics of the public sector deficit : the case of Morocco
No full textThis paper tries to uncover the reasons underlying the performance of the Moroccan economy. The author argues that wage moderation and judicious monetary policies were instrumental in restraining inflation. With one brief exception in 1983, monetary authorities remained firmly committed to eschew any inflationary financing of the budget deficit. This strategy could only succeed however because of the wide ranging system of credit and monetary regulations which worked to channel domestic funds toward the Treasury at relatively low costs. The prospects for the continuation of such a strategy are not favourable however. As far as the growth performance is concerned, it appears that it can be attributed to an outstanding export response to the new trade regime on the one hand and a set of favourable supply shocks, including a string of recordagricultural harvests and the collapse of real oil prices, on the other. The paper studies the evolution of the budget and its different components and argues that the reluctance by Morocco's policy makers to monetize existing budget deficits is well explained by the sharply unfavourable trade-offs between higher monetization and inflation existing in Morocco. It analyzes the implications that continuing budgetary disequilibria has on investment and saving decisions and finds that such implications may be substantial, even though they may not work their way exclusively through traditional interest rates channels.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Financial Intermediation
Distinguished Lecture on Economics in Government: What Central Bankers Could Learn from Academics—and Vice Versa
No full text Academic writing about monetary policy has been useful to practical central bankers, but more of (certain aspects of) the economists' way of thinking could profitably be imported. On the other hand, academics could improve their analysis, and make it more useful to policymakers, if they would pay more attention to certain ‘real-world’ aspects of monetary policy. The author draws on his experience at the Federal Reserve Board to point out a number of specific lessons for each side. </jats:p
Distinguished Lecture on Economics in Government: What Central Bankers Could Learn from Academics--And Vice Versa
No full textAcademic writing about monetary policy has been useful to practical central bankers, but more of (certain aspects of) the economists' way of thinking could profitably be imported. On the other hand, academics could improve their analysis, and make it more useful to policymakers, if they would pay more attention to certain 'real-world' aspects of monetary policy. The author draws on his experience at the Federal Reserve Board to point out a number of specific lessons for each side.
Post-war British working-class fiction with special reference to the novels of John Braine, Alan Sillitoe, Stan Barstow, David Storey and Barry Hines
No full textThis study is about British working-class fiction in the post-war period.
It covers various authors such as Robert Tressell, George Orwell, Walter Greenwood, Lewis Grassic Gibbon and DH Lawrence from the early twentieth century; writers traditionally classified as 'Angry Young Men' like John Osborne, Arnold Wesker, Shelagh Delaney, John Wain and
Kingsley Amis; and working-class novelists like John Braine, Stan Barstow, David Storey, Alan Sillitoe and Barry Hines from the 1950s and 1960s.
Some of the main issues dealt with in the course of this study are language, form, community, self/identity/autobiography, sexuality and relationship with bourgeois art. The major argument centres on two questions: representation of working-class life, and the
relationship between working-class literary tradition and dominant ideologies.
We will be arguing that while working-class fiction succeeded in challenging and rupturing bourgeois literary tradition, on the level of language and linguistic medium of expression for example, it utterly failed to break away from dominant, bourgeois modes of literary production in relation to form, for instance.
Our argument is situated within Marxist approaches to literature, a political and aesthetic position from which we attempt an analysis and an evaluation of this working-class literary tradition. These critical approaches provide us also with the theoretical tool to define the political perspective of this tradition, and to judge whether it was confined to a descriptive mode of representation or
located in a radical, political outlook
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