953 research outputs found
Full Simulation Data and Worked Examples from Specht et al. Conditional Occupancy Manuscript
No full textTo accompany publication of the conditional design for occupancy analysis, we provide the full simulation dataset used to compare the performance of standard, removal and conditional designs in common occupancy analysis programs: R package unmarked, Program MARK and PRESENCE.
Specht_etal_AS3_CondOcc_SimulationCode.R is an R script that was used to generate the simulation data in AS4_Specht_etal_SimulationData.csv. AS4_Specht_etal_SimDataSet_metadata.csv contains variable labels for columns in AS4_Specht_etal_SimulationData.csv, including additional calculated variables not generated from the simulations. PRESENCE_files_for_Specht_etal.zip, ProgramMARK_files_for_Specht_etal.zip and Unmarked_example_for_Specht_etal.R provide files to work through examples of conditional, standard and removal occupancy designs for the same case in Program MARK, Program PRESENCE and R package unmarked, respectively. These files allow users to compare estimation by each method in a case where true occupancy probability is 0.2 and true detection probability is 0.5, and provide examples of formatted data input files. See Readme_Specht_etal.txt for more details.Occupancy models are widely used to describe the distribution of rare and cryptic species— those that occur on only a portion of the landscape and cannot be detected reliably during a single survey. However, occupancy models often provide inaccurate estimates of occupancy (ψ ̂) and detection probabilities (p ̂) under these circumstances. We developed a new "conditional" occupancy design that more accurately estimates occupancy for rare species. Here we provide the full simulation dataset used to compare estimation properties of standard, removal and conditional designs. Data were simulated in R and analyzed using MCMC methods in package R2jags. See Specht et al. (in review) for description of methods. Please cite Specht et al. in further use of this data set.Specht, Hannah S; Iannarilli, Fabiola; Edwards, Margaret R; Johnson, Michael K; Stapleton, Seth P; Weegman, Mitch; Yohannes, Brittney J; Arnold, Todd W; Reich, Henry T. (2017). Full Simulation Data and Worked Examples from Specht et al. Conditional Occupancy Manuscript. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/D6BS3K
Exploring adaptation with evolutionary activity plots
No full textEvolutionary activity statistics and their visualization are introduced, and their motivation is explained. Examples of their use are described, and their strengths and limitations are discussed. References to more extensive or general accounts of these techniques are provided
Author Indexing in Mathematics
No full textThe American Mathematical Society (AMS) has required since 1970 that authors of articles published in AMS journals submit indexing terms with their manuscripts. This study examined 159 documents published by the AMS in 1975. Each contained author indexing terms--class numbers selected by authors from the AMS(MOS) Subject Classification Scheme (1970). Most documents also received indexing terms from professional indexers--Mathemaical Reviews editors. To compare these two indexing treatments, the investigator solicited readers--mathematics faculty and graduate students--to suggest queries to which the documents would be satisfactory responses. The investigator transformed the queries into search statements composed of AMS class numbers, and then he compared search terms with author and with professional indexing terms. A document was retrieved (and recall successful) if at least one search term matched at least one indexing term, under a given indexing treatment.The major hypothesis of the study was that authors would demonstrate better retrieval performance than professionals by having a higher recall score than the professionals. The results failed to support this hypothesis. Instead, there was no significant difference between authors and professionals: each group recalled 69 of the 138 documents that had been assigned a query and both types of indexing.Readers also assigned indexing terms to documents, although no reader assigned indexing terms and suggested a query for the same document. The investigator hypothesized that readers would have a higher recall score than professionals. The results failed to support this. Readers did have a higher recall score than professionals (68 of 123 documents retrieved compared to 64 of 123), but the higher reader score was not significant.An alternative to recall tests as a means to compare authors and professionals was the interindexer consistency (IIC) measure. The investigator hypothesized that author/reader IIC would be higher than either author/professional IIC or professional/reader IIC. The IIC measure was the number of terms common to two indexing treatments divided by the total number of unique terms in the two treatments. The results did not support the hypothesis. Author/reader IIC had a mean of 0.26 per document for 144 documents, while author/professional IIC was 0.42 for 157 documents, and professional/reader IIC was 0.28 for 142 documents. The lower author/reader IIC, compared to author/professional IIC, was significant, and the lower author/reader IIC, compared to professional/reader IIC, was not significant.The availability of both recall and interindexer consistency scores permitted a test of correlation. The investigator hypothesized a slight positive relationship between recall and interindexer consistency. The results supported this. Among 139 documents with at least two types of indexing, the Eta correlation value was 0.33; among 123 documents with all three types of indexing, the Eta correlation was 0.37. Both Eta values were significant.The investigator concluded that authors performed as well as professional indexers in this experiment, despite the assumed advantage of experience held by professionals. The failure to recall half the documents in the major hypothesis test was attributed in part to unfamiliarity of the investigator/searcher with specific subject areas in mathematics and to the failure of the AMS Scheme to have better systems of cross references, scope notes, hierarchical arrangement, and synonym control.Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-13T17:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1981Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 66541
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only238 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1981
Mechanistic interrogations of ribosomal and non-ribosomal natural product enzymes
No full textDescribed herein is my thesis work towards structural and biochemical characterization of bacterial proteins involved in metabolite regulation and natural product biosynthesis. In the first case, I will describe the structural basis for transcriptional regulation of a small molecule metabolite, p-coumarate, and the remaining cases involve enzymes responsible for biosyntheses of complex natural products. Among the natural product cases are those falling under the class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), with a particular emphasis on the thiopeptide subclass of RiPPs. Additionally, characterization of an off-loading enzyme involved in hybrid polyketide/non-ribosomal peptide (PK-NRP) natural product biosynthesis is described.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Dillon Cogan, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-03 at 18:53.The student, Dillon Cogan, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-04-03 at 19:08.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-04-08 at 16:47.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13487 on 2019-08-22 at 16:20:40Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2019-04-08Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112279
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112279
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112279
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112279
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The Red Menace in the Cellar: Pete Seeger, Folk Music, and the Enduring Power of the Old Left to Subvert Young Minds
No full textArt holds an unparalleled power to encapsulate and carry political aspirations forward in time. Perhaps no art form does this as effectively as music. This essay explores how one particular work created at the height of the Red Scare—Pete Seeger\u27s 1953 album, Folksongs and Ballads: A Pete Seeger Concert—preserved and then transmitted the Popular Front ideology of the Communist Party of the United States to the author in 1990. Through a mix of personal reflection and critical analysis, this essay examines the album\u27s meaning at the time it was created, when the author encountered it in 1990, and within the context of our current political moment and beyond.</p
Open Access to Peer-Reviewed Research through Author/Institution Self-Archiving: Maximizing Research Impact by Maximizing Online Access
No full textAll refereed journals will soon be available online; most of them already are. This means that anyone will be able to access them from any networked desk-top. The literature will all be interconnected by citation, author, and keyword/subject links, allowing for unheard-of power and ease of access and navigability. Successive drafts of pre-refereeing preprints will be linked to the official refereed draft, as well as to any subsequent corrections, revisions, updates, comments, responses, and underlying empirical databases, all enhancing the self-correctiveness, interactivity and productivity of scholarly and scientific research and communication in remarkable new ways. New scientometric indicators of digital impact are also emerging <http://opcit.eprints.org> to chart the online course of knowledge. But there is still one last frontier to cross before science reaches the optimal and the inevitable: Just as there is no longer any need for research or researchers to be constrained by the access-blocking restrictions of paper distribution, there is no longer any need to be constrained by the impact-blocking financial fire-walls of Subscription/Site-License/Pay-Per-View (S/L/P) tolls for this give-away literature. Its author/researchers have always donated their research reports for free (and its referee/researchers have refereed for free), with the sole goal of maximizing their impact on subsequent research (by accessing the eyes and minds of fellow-researchers, present and future) and hence on society. Generic (OAi-compliant) software is now available free so that institutions can immediately create Eprint Archives in which their authors can self-archive all their refereed papers for free for all forever <http://www.eprints.org/>. These interoperable Open Archives <http://www.openarchives.org> will then be harvested into global, jointly searchable "virtual archives" (e.g., <http://arc.cs.odu.edu/>). "Scholarly Skywriting" in this PostGutenberg Galaxy will be dramatically (and measurably) more interactive and productive, spawning its own new digital metrics of productivity and impact, allowing for an online "embryology of knowledge.
Value function approximation architectures for neuro-dynamic programming
No full textNeuro-dynamic programming is a class of powerful techniques for approximating the solution to dynamic programming equations. In their most computationally attractive formulations, these techniques provide the approximate solution only within a prescribed finite-dimensional function class. Thus, the question that always arises is how should the function class be chosen?
In this dissertation, we first propose an approach using the solutions to associated fluid and diffusion approximations. In order to evaluate this approach, we establish bounds on the approximation errors.
Next, we propose a novel parameterized Q-learning algorithm. Q-learning is a model-free method to compute the Q-function
associated with an optimal policy, based on
observations of states and actions. If the size of a state or a policy space is too large, Q-learning is often not very practical because there are too many Q-function values to update. One way to address this problem is to approximate the Q-function within a function class. However, such methods often require an explicit model of the system, such as the split sampling method introduced by Borkar. The proposed algorithm is a reinforcement learning (RL) method, in which case the system dynamics are not known. This method is designed based on using approximations of the transition kernel of the Markov decision process (MDP).
Lastly, we apply the proposed results of value function approximation techniques to several applications. In the power management model, we focus on the processor speed control problem to balance the performance and energy usage. Then we extend the results to the load balancing and the power management problem of geographically distributed data centers with grid regulation. In the cross-layer wireless control problem, the network utility maximization (NUM) and adaptive modulation (AM) are combined to balance the network performance and transmission power. In these applications, we show how to model the real problems by using the MDP model with reasonable assumptions and necessary approximations. Approximations of the value function are obtained for specific models, and evaluated by getting bounds for the errors. These approximate solutions are then used to construct basis functions for learning algorithms in the simulations.Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin ([email protected]) on 2013-12-02T14:33:51Z
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18. Unity in Diversity?
No full textIn his treatise Paris, the Model of Foreign Nations, or French Europe (1777), Louis-Antoine Caraccioli (1719–1803), polymath and author of philosophical, historical and religious works, presents a sweeping panorama of Europe in the latter half of the eighteenth century, a Europe dominated by the influence of French culture. On different Nations God forbid that I should use this treatise to belittle the Europeans so as to exalt the French. Be you Italian, English, Spanish, Russian, Swedish, P..
Discovery of an optical counterpart to the hyperluminous X-ray source in ESO 243-49
No full textThe existence of black holes of masses similar to 10(2)-10(5)M(circle dot) has important implications for the formation and evolution of star clusters and supermassive black holes. One of the strongest candidates to date is the hyperluminous X-ray source (HLX1), possibly located in the S0- a galaxy ESO 243-49, but the lack of an identifiable optical counterpart had hampered its interpretation. Using the Magellan telescope, we have discovered an unresolved optical source with R = 23.80 +/- 0.25 mag and V = 24.5 +/- 0.3 mag within HLX1's positional error circle. This implies an average X-ray/optical flux ratio similar to 500. Taking the same distance as ESO 243-49, we obtain an intrinsic brightness M-R = -11.0 +/- 0.3 mag, comparable to that of a massive globular cluster. Alternatively, the optical source is consistent with a main-sequence M star in the Galactic halo (for example an M4.4 star at approximate to 2.5 kpc). We also examined the properties of ESO 243-49 by combining Swift/Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) observations with stellar population modelling. We found that the overall emission is dominated by a similar to 5-Gyr-old stellar population, but the UV emission at approximate to 2000 angstrom is mostly due to ongoing star formation at a rate of similar to 0.03M(circle dot) yr(-1). The UV emission is more intense (at least a 9 sigma enhancement above the mean) north-east of the nucleus, in the same quadrant as HLX1. With the combined optical and X-ray measurements, we put constraints on the nature of HLX1. We rule out a foreground star and a background AGN. Two alternative scenarios are still viable. HLX1 could be an accreting intermediate mass black hole in a star cluster, which may itself be the stripped nucleus of a dwarf galaxy that passed through ESO 243-49, an event which might have caused the current episode of star formation. Or, it could be a neutron star in the Galactic halo, accreting from an M4-M5 donor star
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