267,775 research outputs found
Alarm initiated activities: Matching formats to tasks
No full textThis paper addresses the selection of visual alarm formats for different 'alarm initiated activities'. The activities under examination were alarm handling tasks. Seven such tasks have been identified, namely: observe, accept, analyse, investigate, correct, monitor and reset. One of the most important stages is the initial analysis of the alarm information as this determines the subsequent manner in which the information is processed. It was hypothesised that the format in which the information is presented will determine the success of the alarm handling task, hence the proposal to match formats to tasks. The findings suggest that text-based formats are best suited to tasks requiring time-based reasoning, mimic formats are best suited to tasks requiring spatial location and annunciator formats are best suited to tasks requiring recognition of spatial patterns. The importance of considering both reaction time and accuracy of response in consideration of task match was also noted. In summary, it is suggested that care needs to be taken to determine the appropriateness of the medium for any given task and the demands it places on the human operator
Comparing verbal media for alarm handling: Speech versus textual displays
No full textThe rise of computers in command and control domains has meant that control operations can be performed via desk-based visual display terminals. This trend has also produced the potential to display information to operators in a variety of formats. Of particular interest has been the use of text-based displays for alarm presentation. There are possible limitations to the use of text for alarm presentation, not least of which is the need for a dedicated alarms display screen (or, at least, a display page). Given the capability of computers to synthesize speech, it is possible that speech-based alarms could generate the same information as text-based displays without the need for dedicated screen space. In this paper an experimental comparison of speech-based and text-based displays for presentation of alarms is reported. The findings show that speech leads to longer response times than text displays, but that it has minimal effect on the efficacy of fault handling. The results are discussed within the alarm initiated activities framework and implications for alarm system design are outlined
Behavioural compensation by drivers of a simulator when using a vision enhancement system
No full textTechnological progress is suggesting dramatic changes to the tasks of the driver, with the general aim of making driving environment safer. Before any of these technologies are implemented, empirical research is required to establish if these devices do, in fact, bring about the anticipated improvements. Initially, at least, simulated driving environments offer a means of conducting this research. The study reported here concentrates on the application of a vision enhancement (VE) system within the risk homeostasis paradigm. It was anticipated, in line with risk homeostasis theory, that drivers would compensate for the reduction in risk by increasing speed. The results support the hypothesis although, after a simulated failure of the VE system, drivers did reduce their speed due to reduced confidence in the reliability of the system
Russell K. Stanton Letter - October 23, 1864
No full textIn this letter to his parents, Russell Stanton talks about the death of his brother, Ard. In his old age, Stanton often recalled the Battle of Gettysburg. His description of Pickett's charge was very vivid. For more information about the two Stanton brothers in the Civil War, see "Things I Can Remember About The Civil War" by Charles Stanton. Russell Stanton enlisted in Company K, Michigan 6th Cavalry Regiment in October 1862. He mustered out on 24 Nov 1865 at Fort Leavenworth, KS
Driving automation: Learning from aviation about design philosophies
No full textFull vehicle automation is predicted to be on British roads by 2030 (Walker et al., 2001). However, experience in aviation gives us some cause for concern for the 'drive-by-wire' car (Stanton and Marsden, 1996). Two different philosophies have emerged in aviation for dealing with the human factor: hard vs. soft automation, depending on whether the computer or the pilot has ultimate authority (Hughes and Dornheim, 1995). This paper speculates whether hard or soft automation provides the best solution for road vehicles, and considers an alternative design philosophy in vehicles of the future based on coordination and cooperation
Is utility in the mind of the beholder? A review of ergonomics methods
No full textThis paper reviews the use of ergonomics methods in the context of usability of consumer products. A review of the literature indicated that there is upward of 60 methods available to the ergonomist. The results of the survey indicated that questionnaires, interviews and observation are the most frequently reported methods used. Ease of use of the methods was dependent upon type of method used, presence of software support and type of training received. Strong links were found between questionnaires and interviews as a combined approach, as well as with HTA and observation. However, a questionnaire survey of professional ergonomists found that none of the respondents had any documented evidence of the reliability and validity of the methods they were using. A study of training people to use ergonomics' methods indicated the different requirements of the approaches, in terms of training time, application time and subjective preferences. An important goal for future research is to establish the reliability and validity of ergonomics methods
Charles P. Stanton Collection 1802-2001 1980-2000
No full textThe Charles P. Stanton Collection contains the results of 50 years of genealogical research. The bulk of the collection, Series V, consists of more than 2,000 family trees, correspondence, and related materials to over 300 Jewish families from the areas of Nuremberg, Fuerth, Bamberg, Ansbach and Dinkelsbuehl. Some families also had branches at Ichenhausen and Laupheim in Swabia. Many of the folders in this series contain a "Master Family Tree" compiled by Stanton. He would often send out copies of these master family trees to interested researchers. The represent the final version of his research on a particular family. The folders, which do not have a master family tree, usually contain smaller versions of family trees, either compiled by the families themselves or by Stanton. Almost all folders also contain research material and correspondence, which hold additional genealogical information. Notes and drafts for the master family trees can be found in Series IV. Also included in this collection are notes on several towns and cities in Franconia, located in Series III.More general research notes and materials such as maps, old indexes, addresses, obituaries and well preserved banknotes from Theresienstadt, can be found in Series II.The collection only contains a few personal items related to Charles P. Stanton. Series I includes documents about his military service and general correspondence mainly dating from the 1990s.Charles Perry Stanton's parents, Fritz and Hella Steinlein (nee Kaufmann) were en route from Nuremberg to the US when Charles was born in Zurich in December 1935. His older brother Peter was born in Nuremberg in August 1930. The family settled in Great Neck, NY and converted to Christianity. Charles Stanton was baptized and brought up as an Episcopalian. On November 9, 1938 the family changed the last name from Steinlein to Stanton.Charles Stanton studied law at Cornell University and graduated in 1957. Following his graduation, he served as Lieutenant in the US Army until 1965. He then worked for J.P. Morgan for over 25 years. Later, he joined the financial services office of the Pratt family, which founded the Pratt Institute. He was also active in the local Episcopal church, and served as treasurer, clerk and member of the choir.In 1969, Charles Stanton married Judy Duke Henning. They had two daughters: Julie and Charlotte.Since the age of 14, Charles Stanton had been involved with genealogy and researched the Jewish families of Franconia, where his family had lived for many generations before the Holocaust. In the 1990s, he worked extensively with Gisela Blume from Zirndorf (Germany) and Dan Barlev from Jerusalem.Charles P. Stanton died in February 2001.See also family history manuscript by Charles Stanton (MS 538)digitize
Half-True Stories for Little Folks of Just the Right Age.
No full textTwenty stories with twenty-eight illustrations--all on brown and brittle paper. These stories illustrate, I believe, the difficulty of writing fables. They tend heavily to narrative absorption with projection into nature; sometimes, by contrast, they are heavy on message. It is not easy to put the two together. I have read seven stories. The best of them is Mr. Dog Acquires Knowledge (95) where the porcupine and skunk impart kinds of knowledge that Mr. Dog has never had before! There is an occasional word in dialect.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Stanton Davis Kirkha
Task analysis for error identification: A methodology for designing 'error tolerant' consumer products
No full textThis paper presents an approach to the assessment of 'intelligent' consumer products. We assume that a primary reason for the difficulties people encounter in their use of intelligent consumer products is the lack of clear, consistent, and logical task sequences. The approach we have developed aims to illustrate the task sequences required for the purposeful use of 'intelligent' products, in order to indicate points at which errors, problems or confusions may occur. The approach combines two well proven methodologies (hierarchical task analysis and state space diagrams) to provide a description of human product interaction
Ubiquitous computing: Anytime, anyplace, anywhere?
No full textComputers are ubiquitous, in terms that they are everywhere, but does this mean the same as ubiquitous computing? Views are divided. The convergent device (one-does-all) view posits the computer as a tool through which anything, and indeed everything, can be done (Licklider & Taylor, 1968). The divergent device (many-do-all) view, by contrast, offers a world where microprocessors are embedded in everything and communicating with one another (Weiser, 1991). This debate is implicitly present in this issue, with examples of the convergent device in Crook & Barrowcliff's paper and in Gay et al's paper, and examples of the divergent devices in Thomas & Gellersen's paper and Baber's paper. I suspect both streams of technology are likely to co-exist
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