131,938 research outputs found
Comparing verbal media for alarm handling: Speech versus textual displays
No full textThe rise of computers in command and control domains has meant that control operations can be performed via desk-based visual display terminals. This trend has also produced the potential to display information to operators in a variety of formats. Of particular interest has been the use of text-based displays for alarm presentation. There are possible limitations to the use of text for alarm presentation, not least of which is the need for a dedicated alarms display screen (or, at least, a display page). Given the capability of computers to synthesize speech, it is possible that speech-based alarms could generate the same information as text-based displays without the need for dedicated screen space. In this paper an experimental comparison of speech-based and text-based displays for presentation of alarms is reported. The findings show that speech leads to longer response times than text displays, but that it has minimal effect on the efficacy of fault handling. The results are discussed within the alarm initiated activities framework and implications for alarm system design are outlined
Alarm initiated activities: Matching formats to tasks
No full textThis paper addresses the selection of visual alarm formats for different 'alarm initiated activities'. The activities under examination were alarm handling tasks. Seven such tasks have been identified, namely: observe, accept, analyse, investigate, correct, monitor and reset. One of the most important stages is the initial analysis of the alarm information as this determines the subsequent manner in which the information is processed. It was hypothesised that the format in which the information is presented will determine the success of the alarm handling task, hence the proposal to match formats to tasks. The findings suggest that text-based formats are best suited to tasks requiring time-based reasoning, mimic formats are best suited to tasks requiring spatial location and annunciator formats are best suited to tasks requiring recognition of spatial patterns. The importance of considering both reaction time and accuracy of response in consideration of task match was also noted. In summary, it is suggested that care needs to be taken to determine the appropriateness of the medium for any given task and the demands it places on the human operator
Behavioural compensation by drivers of a simulator when using a vision enhancement system
No full textTechnological progress is suggesting dramatic changes to the tasks of the driver, with the general aim of making driving environment safer. Before any of these technologies are implemented, empirical research is required to establish if these devices do, in fact, bring about the anticipated improvements. Initially, at least, simulated driving environments offer a means of conducting this research. The study reported here concentrates on the application of a vision enhancement (VE) system within the risk homeostasis paradigm. It was anticipated, in line with risk homeostasis theory, that drivers would compensate for the reduction in risk by increasing speed. The results support the hypothesis although, after a simulated failure of the VE system, drivers did reduce their speed due to reduced confidence in the reliability of the system
Byrne Stanton letter to A.B. Stanson, January 16, 1904
No full textLetter from Byrne Stanton of Cincinnati, son of Dr. Benjamin Stanton of Salem, Ohio, to A. B. Stanson at the Periodical Division of the Library of Congress, in response to Stanson's recent inquiry concerning Lundy's anti-slavery periodicals. The letter details Lundy's publishing history and involvement in the abolitionist movement, leading up to his publication of the Genius of Universal Emancipation in 1821. A. B. Stanson, it seems, has been interested in acquiring a complete collection of the papers for the Library of Congress. Benjamin Lundy (1789-1839) was a prominent Quaker abolitionist best known for his development of abolitionist periodicals. His Genius of Universal Emancipation was first published in 1821 from his home in Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and enjoyed a wide circulation across the antebellum United States. In the 1820s, the young William Lloyd Garrison came to work for The Genius. Benjamin Lundy traveled widely seeking subscriptions to The Genius, giving talks about the anti-slavery movement, and observing and documenting the conditions of enslaved people across the Americas. He was also involved in the establishment of freed slave colonies in Mexico
Stanton Survey, 1889-90 P.3
No full textUp river in Marble Canyon from Mile 50. January, 1890. Stanton Survey. Photo by Robert B. Stanton, 1890. Courtesy: Dwight L. Smith. Used in Utah Historical Quarterly, July, 1960
Letter from D. Stanton to James B. Finley
No full textThe greater part of this letter from Doctor Stanton is devoted to diagnosing a recent digestive illness of Finley, and prescribing medicine, diet and exercise for him. Stanton ends the letter discussing the three things he thinks need to happen in the country -- Civilization of the Indians, abolition of slavery, and the suppression of intemperance. He believes that progress is being made in all of these areas, especially the latter. Abstract Number - 59https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1057/thumbnail.jp
Letter, Edwin M. Stanton to General George B. McClellan, May 17, 1862
No full textThis handwritten letter, dated May 17, 1862, is written from Edwin M. Stanton to General George B. McClellan informing him that the president has denied his request to send more troops for reinforcements and had instead ordered General McDowell to march upon the city by the shortest route. Stanton further informs that McClellan is to communicate and cooperate with McDowell and to work to prevent the enemy from overtaking McDowell\u27s army in an attempt to protect the Capitol. The letter is written on War Department letterhead. Some notes at the top have been struck through.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-manuscripts-original-manuscripts/1196/thumbnail.jp
Is utility in the mind of the beholder? A review of ergonomics methods
No full textThis paper reviews the use of ergonomics methods in the context of usability of consumer products. A review of the literature indicated that there is upward of 60 methods available to the ergonomist. The results of the survey indicated that questionnaires, interviews and observation are the most frequently reported methods used. Ease of use of the methods was dependent upon type of method used, presence of software support and type of training received. Strong links were found between questionnaires and interviews as a combined approach, as well as with HTA and observation. However, a questionnaire survey of professional ergonomists found that none of the respondents had any documented evidence of the reliability and validity of the methods they were using. A study of training people to use ergonomics' methods indicated the different requirements of the approaches, in terms of training time, application time and subjective preferences. An important goal for future research is to establish the reliability and validity of ergonomics methods
Supplementary data for the following paper "Effects of mental demands on situation awareness during platooning: A driving simulator study"
No full textSupplementary data for the following paper: Heikoop, D., De Winter, J. C. F., Van Arem, B., & Stanton, N. A. (2018). Effects of mental demands on situation awareness during platooning: A driving simulator study. Transportation Research Part F.</span
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