1,142 research outputs found
Analytical prototyping of personal technologies: using predictions of time and error to evaluate user interfaces
No full textIn this paper, we present a technique for analytical prototyping of personal technology. The technique allows conceptual design to be evaluated in terms of two predictive measures of user performance (time and error). The technique is based on the theory of rewritable routines, which is presented in this paper as a novel approach to considering mental mode
Rewritable routines in human interaction with public technology
No full textIn this paper, the cognitive ergonomics of using public technology is investigated. A methodology for predicting human error with technology has been developed. Predictions from the method (combined with observation of user performance) form the foundation of the concept of ‘rewritable routines’. This is in keeping with the tradition of building models of user cognition on the basis of observed and predicted errors. The concept is introduced and illustrated with examples. Implications for cognitive ergonomics are discussed
The trade-off between context and objectivity in an analytical approach to the evaluation of in-vehicle interfaces
No full textThis paper presents a case study to explore an analytic approach to the evaluation of in-vehicle information system (IVIS) usability, aimed at an early stage in product development with low demand on resources. Five methods were selected: hierarchical task analysis (HTA), multimodal critical path analysis (CPA), systematic human error reduction and prediction approach (SHERPA), heuristic analysis and layout analysis. The methods were applied in an evaluation of two IVIS interfaces: a touch screen and a remote controller. The findings showed that there was a trade-off between the objectivity of a method and consideration of the context of use: this has implications for the usefulness of analytic evaluation. An extension to the CPA method is proposed as a solution to enable more objective comparisons of IVIS, whilst accounting for context in terms of the dual-task driving environment
Task analysis for error identification: Theory, method and validation
No full textThis paper presents the underlying theory of Task Analysis for Error Identification. The aim is to illustrate the development of a method that has been proposed for the evaluation of prototypical designs from the perspective of predicting human error. The paper presents the method applied to representative examples. The methodology is considered in terms of the various validation studies that have been conducted, and is discussed in the light of a specific case study
The George A. Hearn collection of carved ivories.
No full text"The illustrations are from photographs made expressly for this catalogue by Mr. Charles Balliard"--T.p. verso.Text by W. Stanton Howard.Mode of access: Internet
WESTT (Workload, Error, Situational Awareness, Time and Teamwork): An analytical prototyping system for command and control
No full textModern developments in the use of information technology within command and control allow unprecedented scope for flexibility in the way teams deal with tasks. These developments, together with the increased recognition of the importance of knowledge management within teams present difficulties for the analyst in terms of evaluating the impacts of changes to task composition or team membership. In this paper an approach to this problem is presented that represents team behaviour in terms of three linked networks (representing task, social network structure and knowledge) within the integrative WESTT software tool. In addition, by automating analyses of workload and error based on the same data that generate the networks, WESTT allows the user to engage in the process of rapid and iterative “analytical prototyping”. For purposes of illustration an example of the use of this technique with regard to a simple tactical vignette is presented
Analysis of water column stability using shipboard and submarine density and shear measurements
No full textAnalysis of water column stability was performed using shipboard and submarine
shear and density profile data acquired by U.S.S. DOLPHIN and R V ACANIA in
October. 19S4 in the vicinity of Monterey Bay, California. Data was acquired utilizing
CTD and acoustic doppler profiler (ADVP) instruments. The upper ocean
thermohaline structure and water column stability, over a 10km square domain, was
determined from repeated measurements of the conductivity, temperature, and velocity
to a depth of 115m. The temporal and spatial variation in the analyzed fields ol"
temperature, salinity, density, and velocity are compared with the constructed profiles
of the static stability parameter (E) and gradient Richardson number. The analyzed
fields were in turn compared with the larger scale forcing factors of coastal upwelling,
current systems, bottom topography, and internal waves. The stability the water
column was found to be both statically and dynamically stable with the exception of
thin patches of instability which were determined to be the result of double diffusive
processes.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Lieutenant, United States Navyhttp://archive.org/details/analysisofwaterc109452166
Set-up under a natural wave
No full textField measurements from a cross shore array of two pressure sensors to measure waves and eight manometer tubes to measure mean water elevation are used to examine set-down/up across the surf zone. The manometer tubes are connected to differential pressure transducers onshore allowing continuous set- down/up measurements. Flume measurements of set-down/up are also examined. Measured values are compared with numeric set-up values incorporating roller theory describing wave breaking. The model has two free parameters, B representing the vertical fraction of the wave covered by the roller and psi a scaling parameter for wave steepness. Optimal values of both are chosen by model fitting. Inclusion of the surface roller improves the set-up model fit to both beach and flume measurementsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Lieutenant , United States Navyhttp://archive.org/details/setupundernatura10945895
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No full textUnderstanding the movement of sediment in the nearshore region due to wave motion and longshore currents is important in beach erosion studies, and has tactical significance in beach front mine warfare. In the surf zone, an bubbles and sediment are both suspended within the water column. At the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, a sediment flux probe has been developed to study small scale processes. Using ultrasonic acoustic backscatter, the Coherent Acoustic Sediment Flux Probe (CASP) is capable of tracking the movement of scatterers within the surf zone. As it is important that the CASP system is capable of distinguishing between sediment and entrained air bubbles, laboratory experiments were run to determine the ultrasonic acoustic backscatter characteristics of surf zone bubbles. Bulk void fraction and optical sizing methods were explored to develop a means of measuring bubble populations produced in the laboratory for calibration of the backscattered energy received by the CASP system in the presence of bubblesNAU.S. Navy (U.S.N.) author.http://archive.org/details/ultrasoniccousti109452682
A funeral handkerchief [electronic resource] : in two parts : I. Part, containing arguments to comfort us at death of friends, II. Part, containing several uses which we ought to make of such losses : to which is added, Three sermons preached at Coventry /
No full textThe 2nd part has special t.p., continuous paging, and imprint: London : Printed for the author, 1691.Errata: prelim. p. [15].Imperfect: t.p. to the "Three sermons preached at Coventry" lacking.Includes bibliographical references.Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.WingElectronic reproduction
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