1,721,077 research outputs found
Tumor heterogeneity: a practical approach
No full textThe state-of-the-art practices applied to studying heterogeneity The contributors to this publication are pathologists involved in specific tumour diagnostics and molecular analysis. Various approaches described in the articles show the state-of-the-art knowledge applied to studying heterogeneity in different types of tumours. Compared to a wide range of available literature on intratumour heterogeneity in clinical research and diagnostics, the focus here is on practical methods for improving heterogeneity analysis of clinical material. This is relevant because no standardized types of examinations currently exist. Thus, this publication serves as a basis for development of standards in tumour tissue sampling, and in reproducible molecular analysis and interpretation. This is an invaluable resource for pathologists, oncologists, and molecular biologists. Other health professionals directly involved in clinical treatment of tumours, as well as in basic research, will also benefit greatly from this work
Pre-analytics and tumor heterogeneity
Full text linkWhen dealing with pre-analytics for tissues, it is often that case that tissue heterogeneity, and particularly tumor heterogeneity, is not taken into account as a preliminary condition for obtaining reproducible results in molecular analysis at the diagnostics and clinical research levels. It is well known that when sampling tumor tissues in different areas, for example the border or the central area of the tumor, different genes are expressed, and due to polyclonality in most tumors different areas can have different DNA and epigenetic alterations. For this reason, it is extremely important to establish and standardize specific tissue sampling protocols for molecular extraction as well as in situ molecular methods. A correct approach to heterogeneity is the basis for a more reproducible and exchangeable type of molecular analysis that can provide useful information at the prognostic and predictive levels. Heterogeneity should also be taken into consideration during cancer treatment, since therapy modifies the clonal composition of tumors. Here the different types of tumor heterogeneity and the improper pre-analytical conditions in tissue processing that can generate heterogeneous artefacts are described
Overview on Clinical Relevance of Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity
Full text linkToday, clinical evaluation of tumor heterogeneity is an emergent issue to improve clinical oncology. In particular, intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is closely related to cancer progression, resistance to therapy, and recurrences. It is interconnected with complex molecular mechanisms including spatial and temporal phenomena, which are often peculiar for every single patient. This review tries to describe all the types of ITH including morphohistological ITH, and at the molecular level clonal ITH derived from genomic instability and nonclonal ITH derived from microenvironment interaction. It is important to consider the different types of ITH as a whole for any patient to investigate on cancer progression, prognosis, and treatment opportunities. From a practical point of view, analytical methods that are widely accessible today, or will be in the near future, are evaluated to investigate the complex pattern of ITH in a reproducible way for a clinical application
Malignancies among adolescents and young adults in the province of Trieste, Italy, 1972-1993
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