52 research outputs found
Identification of the niche and phenotype of the first human hematopoietic stem cells
No full textIn various vertebrate species, the dorsal aorta (Ao) is the site of specification of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It has been observed that the upregulation of essential hematopoietic transcription factors and the formation of specific intra-aortic hematopoietic cell clusters occur predominantly in the ventral domain of the Ao (AoV). In the mouse, the first HSCs emerge in the AoV. Here, we demonstrate that in the human embryo the first definitive HSCs also emerge asymmetrically and are localized to the AoV, which thus identifies a functional niche for developing human HSCs. Using magnetic cell separation and xenotransplantations, we show that the first human HSCs are CD34(+)VE-cadherin(+)CD45(+)C-KIT(+)THY-1(+)Endoglin(+)RUNX1(+)CD38(-/lo)CD45RA(-). This population harbors practically all committed hematopoietic progenitors and is underrepresented in the dorsal domain of the Ao (AoD) and urogenital ridges (UGRs). The present study provides a foundation for analysis of molecular mechanisms underpinning embryonic specification of human HSCs.</p
Acceleration of Biological Aging and Underestimation of Subjective Age Are Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19
No full textIn an epidemic, it is important to have methods for reliable and rapid assessment of risk groups for severe forms of the disease for their priority vaccination and for the application of preventive lockdown measures. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for severe forms of COVID-19 in adults using indicators of biological and subjective aging. Longitudinal studies evaluated the severity of the disease and the number of cases. Respondents (447) were divided into “working group” and “risk group” (retirees with chronic diseases). During the lockdown period (in mid-2020), accelerated aging was observed in the group of workers (by 3.9–8 years for men and an increase at the tendency level for women). However, the respondents began to feel subjectively younger (by 3.3–7.2 years). In the risk group, there were no deviations from the expected biopsychological aging. The number of cases at the end of 2020 was 31% in workers and 0% in the risk group. Reasonably, the risk group followed the quarantine rules more strictly by 1.5 times. In working men, indicators of relative biological and relative subjective aging (measured in both 2019 and mid-2020) significantly influenced the incidence at the end of 2020. In women, only the indicators obtained in mid-2020 had a significant impact. The relative biological aging of an individual tested in the middle of 2020 had a direct impact on the risk of infection (p p p = 0.06) and the risk of death (p < 0.0001). Both the risk of infection and the risk of death increased with calendar age at the tendency level. Conclusions: Indicators of individual relative biological and subjective aging affect the probability of getting COVID-19 and its severity. The combination of high indicators of biological aging and underestimated indicators of subjective aging is associated with increased chances of developing severe forms of the disease
Use of Personal Resources May Influence the Rate of Biological Aging Depending on Individual Typology
No full textIndividual hobbies and interests, the ways of spending leisure time develop personal resources
influencing health and wellbeing. The literature analysis helped selecting thirteen personal resources that
also affect the rate of aging: sports, order, creativity, intellect, handwork, kindness, Humor, spirituality,
risk, nature, achievements, optimism, communication. In 1632 people, (840 women and 792 men) personal resources were assessed using a questionnaire developed in-house. Biological age was determined
by health indicators. The personal typology was determined by testing functional asymmetry, physique,
interaction style, emotionality, profession, marital status, gender, age, and place of residence. The data
were processed by correlation and cluster analysis and methods of automatic artificial neural networks
(ANN). Personal resources were used as input continuous variables. Personality types were used as
input categorical variables. The index of relative biological aging (RBA) was applied as an output
continuous variable. We also calculated the correlation between the RBA index and the applied personal
resources in different types of personalities. For most female types including investigative occupations,
psychomotor emotionality, living in urban areas, asthenic physique, negative correlations were found
between most personal resources and the aging index. In men, resources that slow down aging are
found only for certain types: enterprising and conventional professions, ambidexter and left-handed,
intellectual emotionality, athletic physique. In conclusion, with the help of the trained ANN, we selected
personal resources that slow down aging. For women of all types, there are common resources reducing
RBA index including nature, intellect, and achievements. For men, ANN was unable to find common
resources that slow down aging. However, with an individual selection of resources, a trained neural
network gives a favorable forecast of the ability to slow down the biological aging of a particular man by
changing his hobbies and interests and ways of spending free time
Embryonic origin of the adult hematopoietic system:Advances and questions
No full textDefinitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lie at the foundation of the adult hematopoietic system and provide an organism throughout its life with all blood cell types. Several tissues demonstrate hematopoietic activity at early stages of embryonic development, but which tissue is the primary source of these important cells and what are the early embryonic ancestors of definitive HSCs? Here, we review recent advances in the field of HSC research that have shed light on such questions, while setting them into a historical context, and discuss key issues currently circulating in this field.</p
Use of Personal Resources May Influence the Rate of Biological Aging Depending on Individual Typology
No full textIndividual hobbies and interests, the ways of spending leisure time develop personal resources influencing health and wellbeing. The literature analysis helped selecting thirteen personal resources that also affect the rate of aging: sports, order, creativity, intellect, handwork, kindness, Humor, spirituality, risk, nature, achievements, optimism, communication. In 1632 people, (840 women and 792 men) personal resources were assessed using a questionnaire developed in-house. Biological age was determined by health indicators. The personal typology was determined by testing functional asymmetry, physique, interaction style, emotionality, profession, marital status, gender, age, and place of residence. The data were processed by correlation and cluster analysis and methods of automatic artificial neural networks (ANN). Personal resources were used as input continuous variables. Personality types were used as input categorical variables. The index of relative biological aging (RBA) was applied as an output continuous variable. We also calculated the correlation between the RBA index and the applied personal resources in different types of personalities. For most female types including investigative occupations, psychomotor emotionality, living in urban areas, asthenic physique, negative correlations were found between most personal resources and the aging index. In men, resources that slow down aging are found only for certain types: enterprising and conventional professions, ambidexter and left-handed, intellectual emotionality, athletic physique. In conclusion, with the help of the trained ANN, we selected personal resources that slow down aging. For women of all types, there are common resources reducing RBA index including nature, intellect, and achievements. For men, ANN was unable to find common resources that slow down aging. However, with an individual selection of resources, a trained neural network gives a favorable forecast of the ability to slow down the biological aging of a particular man by changing his hobbies and interests and ways of spending free time
The Biopsychological Indicators of Age Significantly Influence the Severity of COVID-19
No full textObjective. To study the effect of biopsychological age indicators on the likelihood and severity of COVID-19 disease in adults in 2020. We have examined 447 people aged 35–70 years using methods for assessing biological and psychological age in terms of health indicators and subjective psychological age. Results. The number of cases at the end of 2020 in the group of working adults was 31%, in the risk group 0%; representatives of the risk group complied with the quarantine requirements 1.75 times stricter. Indicators of biopsychological age affected the development of the disease in working adults. The relative biological age of an individual had a direct impact on the risk of infection (p < 0.05), and on the probability of the patient’s death (p < 0.001). The relative psychological age had an inverse effect on the risk of infection at the tendency level (p = 0.06) and the death risk of those infected, (p < 0.001). Calendar age increases the risk of infection and the risk of death at the trend level. Conclusions. Indicators of relative biological and psychological aging of an individual affect the frequency and severity of the disease, while the combination of high indicators of biological age and underestimated psychological age dangerously increases the likelihood of developing severe forms of the disease
Molecular Markers of Blood Cell Populations Can Help Estimate Aging of the Immune System
No full textAging of the immune system involves functional changes in individual cell populations, in hematopoietic tissues and at the systemic level. They are mediated by factors produced by circulating cells, niche cells, and at the systemic level. Age-related alterations in the microenvironment of the bone marrow and thymus cause a decrease in the production of naive immune cells and functional immunodeficiencies. Another result of aging and reduced tissue immune surveillance is the accumulation of senescent cells. Some viral infections deplete adaptive immune cells, increasing the risk of autoimmune and immunodeficiency conditions, leading to a general degradation in the specificity and effectiveness of the immune system in old age. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the state-of-the-art application of mass spectrometry, multichannel flow cytometry, and single-cell genetic analysis have provided vast data on the mechanisms of aging of the immune system. These data require systematic analysis and functional verification. In addition, the prediction of age-related complications is a priority task of modern medicine in the context of the increase in the aged population and the risk of premature death during epidemics. In this review, based on the latest data, we discuss the mechanisms of immune aging and highlight some cellular markers as indicators of age-related immune disbalance that increase the risk of senile diseases and infectious complications
Outsourcing Logistics Functions to Third-party Specialized Companies: Advantages and Risks
No full textThe article examines the outsourcing of logistics functions to third-party specialized organizations, focusing on its advantages and associated risks. Modern companies face the need to optimize logistics processes, making outsourcing a crucial tool for supply chain management. However, delegating these tasks to external entities not only reduces costs and provides access to advanced technologies but also introduces risks such as loss of control and potential data breaches. There is no unified stance in academic literature regarding the extent of outsourcing’s impact on business performance. Some researchers confirm its positive effects on financial indicators and operational flexibility, while others highlight potential challenges and the rise of hidden costs. This study aims to systematize the advantages and risks of logistics outsourcing and identify key factors that determine its successful implementation, forming the basis for strategic recommendations. The author\u27s contribution lies in a comprehensive analysis of the topic, considering strategic, economic, and technological aspects. The findings can be applied in both academic research and practical management decision-making. The presented material is valuable for researchers in logistics and risk management, professionals involved in supply chain organization, and business leaders considering the outsourcing of logistics functions
Cellular hierarchy and molecular mechanisms underlying haematopoietic stem cell development
No full textComparative dynamics of individual ageing among the investigative type of professionals living in Russia and russian migrants to the EU countries
No full textThe goal of this study was to uncover the influence of professional activity, migration, and gender on dynamics of subjective age and ageing biomarkers. We examined the representatives of investigative types of professions (ITP), 30–75 years old in Russia, (101/62 women), and Russian migrants to the European Union, (101/56 women). ITPs appeared to be ageing slower than statistical standards; men age faster than women; the pre-retirement group (51–65 years old) showed acceleration of relative biological ageing in the Russian sample (women +4.5 years, men +10.7 years) against the EU sample, suggesting a boost of pre-retirement stress in Russia; subjectively, Russian people (51–65 years old) feel close to their chronological age, while EU people perceive themselves far below their calendar age (men—lower by 20.4, women—lower by 10.9 years). The subjective ageing depends on the country of residence, while biological ageing depends on occupation, gender, and negative expectations of retirement
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