201,586 research outputs found
Evidence that anti-muscarinic antibodies in Sjögren's syndrome recognise both M3R and M1R
No full textInhibitory anti-muscarinic receptor type 3 (M3R) antibodies may contribute to the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and putative anti-M3R blocking antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been suggested as a rationale for treatment with IVIg. We investigated the presence of subtype-specific anti-MR autoantibodies in healthy donor and SS sera using MR-transfected whole-cell binding assays as well as M1R and M3R peptide ELISAs. Control antibodies against the second extracellular loop of the M3R, a suggested target epitope, were induced in rabbits and found to be cross-reactive on the peptides M3R and M1R. The rabbit antibodies had neither an agonistic nor an antagonistic effect on M3R-dependent ERK1/2 signalling. Only one primary SS (out of 5 primary SS, 2 secondary SS and 5 control sera) reacted strongly with M3R transfected cells. The same SS serum also reacted strongly with M1R and M2R transfectants, as well as M1R and two different M3R peptides. Strong binding to M1R and low-level activities against M3R peptides were observed both in SS and control sera. IVIg showed a strong reactivity against all three peptides, especially M1R. Our results indicate that certain SS individuals may have antibodies against M1R, M2R and M3R. Our results also suggest that neither the linear M3R peptide nor M3R transfectants represent suitable tools for discrimination of pathogenic from natural autoantibodies in SS.Abbreviations: SS, Sjögren's syndrome; MR, muscarinic receptor; ANA, antinuclear antibodies; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; MAPK, MAP kinase; IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin
Immagini urbane nella lirica di Ernst Stadler
No full textErnst Stadler è un autore di difficile collocazione tra simbolismo ed espressio-
nismo. Dalle prove ancora convenzionali e immature di Praeludien (1904) alla
sua opera più riuscita (Der Aufbruch, 1913), la poetica di Stadler è incentrata so-
prattutto sul tentativo di ridurre il divario tra forma ed esistenza, portando il
linguaggio lirico ad aderire alla fluidità dell’esperienza vissuta senza disperdersi
nell’indeterminato. La città costituisce in questo senso uno spazio privilegiato
per la scrittura di Stadler. Lo spazio urbano si manifesta al poeta non come un
contenitore immobile, ma come lo sfondo in continua trasformazione di espe-
rienze eterogenee, inclini ora alla perdita di identità, ora all’intuizione di un oriz-
zonte religioso di redenzione e di salvezza. La città viene rappresentata sia come
il luogo di un’umanità alienata, corrotta dal dominio della tecnica, sia come un
ambiente favorevole a improvvise illuminazioni, all’epifania di un’esistenza natu-
rale che si annuncia nei volti dei poveri e degli sfruttati.Ernst Stadler’s work spans across Symbolism and Expressionism. Both his more
conventional Praeludien (1904) and his masterpiece Der Aufbruch (1913) encapsu-
late an attempt to reduce the gap between form and existence. Stadler’s poetics
aim at overlapping his lyrical language to the fluidity of existence while trying
not to give in to the indeterminate. Thus, the city is a privileged space for the
poet, who never perceives it as a simple container but as an ever-changing back-
ground for experiences, whether they entail a loss of identity or a chance of
religious redemption. In Stadler’s writing, the city hosts an alienated humanity,
corrupted by technology, but on the other hand it favours sudden enlightenment
or the epiphany of a natural existence, as it appears on the faces of the poor and
the exploited
As You Age Curriculum for Senior Adults : a series of twelve lessons to actively engage older adults in learning about their beliefs, knowledge, and practices related to aging, health, and nutritional issues
No full textwritten by Kathleen M. Stadler, Pamela B. Teaste
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