4,036 research outputs found
Transient observations : the textualizing of St Helena through five hundred years of colonial discourse
No full textThis thesis explores the textualizing of the South Atlantic island of St Helena (a
British Overseas Territory) through an analysis of the relationship between
colonizing practices and the changing representations of the island and its
inhabitants in a range of colonial 'texts', including historiography, travel writing,
government papers, creative writing, and the fine arts.
Part I situates this thesis within a critical engagement with post-colonial
theory and colonial discourse analysis primarily, as well as with the recent
'linguistic turn' in anthropology and history. In place of post-colonialism's rather
monolithic approach to colonial experiences, I argue for a localised approach to
colonisation, which takes greater account of colonial praxis and of the continuous
re-negotiation and re-constitution of particular colonial situations.
Part II focuses on a number of literary issues by reviewing St Helena's
historiography and literature, and by investigating the range of narrative tropes
employed (largely by travellers) in the textualizing of St Helena, in particular
with respect to recurrent imaginings of the island in terms of an earthly Eden.
Part III examines the nature of colonial 'possession' by tracing the island's
gradual appropriation by the Portuguese, Dutch and English in the sixteenth and
early seventeenth century and the settlement policies pursued by the English
East India Company in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century.
Part IV provides an account of the changing perceptions, by visitors and
colonial officials alike, of the character of the island's inhabitants (from the late
eighteenth to the early twentieth century) and assesses the influence that these
perceptions have had on the administration of the island and the political status of
its inhabitants (in the mid- to late twentieth century).
Part V, the conclusion, reviews the principal arguments of my thesis by
addressing the political implications of post-colonial theory and of my own
research, while also indicating avenues for further research.
A localised and detailed exploration of colonial discourse over a period of
nearly five hundred years, and a close analysis of a consequently wide range of
colonial 'texts', has confirmed that although colonising practices and
representations are far from monolithic, in the case of St Helena their continuities
are of as much significance as their discontinuities
Sédimentation : vibration. Rencontre avec Catherine Denis le 23 septembre, exposition du 24 septembre au 15 octobre 2023 à Saint-Leu-la-Forêt
No full textC a t h e r i n e D e n i s@ 101 rue Michelet, 95320 St-Leu-la-ForêtSamedi 23 septembre 2023Rencontre/conférence avec Catherine Denis, en deux temps10h30 et 14h30 Dimanche 24 septembreOuverture de l’exposition, de 15h à 19hDu 25 septembre au 15 octobre, sur rdvContact : 06 07 81 87 66 et 06 74 07 33 invit Catherine Denis - 23sept2
A chart of the south-east coast of Africa from the Cape of Good Hope to De Lagoa Bay [cartographic material].
No full textMap of the the south-east coast of Africa from the Cape of Good Hope to De Lagoa Bay.; Plate 2 from: The Oriental pilot, or, A select collection of charts and plans ... for the navigation of the country trade in the seas beyond the Cape of Good Hope. London : Printed and sold by R. Sayer & J. Bennett, 1778.; Also available in an electronic version via the internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-ra52-s5. Insets: A plan of Saldanha Bay, geometrically surveyed in 1732 -- A plan of De Lagoa Bay, called by the Portugese Bahia de Lourenzo Marques, and by the French Baye du St. Esprit -- A plan of False Bay, surveyed in the year 1764
A defence of the Right Honorable the Earl of Shelburne, [electronic resource] : from the reproaches of his numerous enemies; in a letter to Sir George Saville, Bart. And Intended for the Direction of all other Members of Parliament, whose Object is rather to restore the Glory of the British Empire, than administer to the Views of a Faction. To which is added, a postscript, addressed to the Right Honorable John Earl of Stair. By the author of Junius's letters.
No full textThe author of Junius's letters = Denis O'Bryen.Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from Cambridge University Library
The monastic patronage of King Henry II in England, 1154-1189
No full textThe subject of this study is Henry II’s monastic patronage in England 1154-1189. Past studies have examined aspects of Henry II’s patronage but an in-depth survey of Henry’s support of the religious houses throughout his realm has never been completed. This study was therefore undertaken to address modern notions that Henry’s monastic patronage lacked obvious patterns and medieval notions that the motivations behind his patronage were vague. The thesis seeks to illustrate that Henry’s motivations for patronage may not have been driven by piety but rather influenced by a sense of duty and tradition. This hypothesis is supported by examining and analyzing both the chronology and nature of Henry’s patronage.
This thesis has integrated three important sources to assess Henry’s patronage: chronicles, charters, and Pipe Rolls. The charters and Pipe Rolls have been organized into two fully searchable databases. The charters form the core of the data and allow for analysis of the recipients of the king’s patronage as well as the extent of his favour. The Pipe Rolls provide extensive evidence of many neglected aspects of Henry’s patronage, enhancing, and sometimes surpassing, the charter data. The sources have allowed an examination of Henry’s patronage through gifts of land and money rents, privileges, pardons and non-payment of debt, confirmations and intervention in disputes. The value, geography and chronology of this patronage is discussed throughout the thesis as well as the different religious orders that benefited and the influences Henry’s predecessors and family had upon the king. Quantitative analysis has been included where possible.
Henry II was a steady patron throughout his reign and remained cautious with his favour. He maintained many of the benefactions of his predecessors but was not an enthusiastic founder of new monasteries in England. There is no sign that neither the killing of Thomas Becket, nor the approach of Henry’s own death, had a marked effect on his patronage
Value Relevance of R&D Reporting : A Signaling Interpretation
No full textAccounting for research and development (R&D) costs is an open issue. SFAS N°2 mandates that all R&D costs are immediately expensed. International standards prescribe a capitalization of R&D costs if they meet certain criteria (IAS 38). Recent research papers (Healy et al., 2002; Lev and Sougiannis, 1996, 1999; Aboody and Lev, 1998, Zhao, 2002) show that capitalization of R&D costs and software development costs is value relevant. However critics can be leveled at previous research because prior empirical tests are based on simulated or partial data. Our purpose is to test empically R&D accounting issues on a sample of 95 French firms on a three years period (1998-2000). French context provides an experimental field for studying the value relevance of R&D capitalization, because both accounting treatments of R&D costs (expensing and capitalization) are allowed. We find that capitalized R&D is positively associated with stock returns and stock prices, whereas expensed R&D is negatively related to stock prices and stock returns. R&D accounting reduces the information asymmetry on the successfulness of R&D projects: it acts as a signal to investors. This paper extends previous literature by using real data on capitalized R&D, instead of estimated data. Moreover, we show not only that capitalized R&D is value relevant but also that expensing of R&D projects conveys a negative signal.Value relevance; R&D; France; Financial reporting; Capital markets; Accounting choice
St. Francis Boy's High School Vox Luvenum 1962
No full textThe annual publication of the students of St. Francis Boy's High School, Lethbridge, Alberta.(1961-62)pdfvox
IUVENUMST. FRANCIS
"VOX IUVENUM
PUBLISHED BY THE STUDENTS BODY
ST. FRANCIS BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL
LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTAPRAYER OF ST. FRANCIS
O Divine Master, grant that I may not so much seek To be consoled as to console.
To be understood as to understand To be loved as to love; for
It is in giving that we receive.
It is in pardoning that we are pardoned,
And it is in dying that we are Born to eternal life.
Lord make me an instrument of Thy peace; Where there is hatred, let me sow love; Where there is injury, pardon;
Where there is doubt, faith;
Where there is despair, hope;
Where there is darkness, light; Where there is sadness, joy.PRINCIPAL’S MESSAGE
Deai’ Students,
You are members of the student body of a Catholic school because your parents realize the importance of your Religion now and throughout your future adult life. Oftentimes, faulty training and erroneous thinking have caused many students to gain far less from their Catholic Education than they should have.
If you really understand how important the life of your soul is, then you would do much more than you are doing spiritually. You would assist at Mass frequently and even daily. You would receive the Sacraments of Penance and the Holy Eucharist as often as possible. These Sacraments are necessary for the care of your soul, especially through your years of schooling. We can get by with much less but that doesn't mean that we are looking after our soul adequately. One of the tragic things in life is that we often look upon our religious duties as strictly obligations and not as privileges for serving God. God does not push us. He has left us free to choose. Is our choice always the best?
I am convinced that the self-discipline gained in the devout practise of your Catholic Faith carries over to the discipline necessary for success in your school life no matter what abilities God has given you. The laggard in the practise of his Religion most often is a laggard in his school work.
We hope and pray for a genuine Catholic atmosphere in Saint Francis School. Each of you plays an important role in this and must assume the responsibility to help in creating and maintaining this atmosphere by a devout living of your Faith and by a sincere effort to practise all the Christian virtues.
Those who are leaving Saint Francis at the end of June, are entering a world diametrically opposed to real honest Christian living. Make a sincere effort to show others the way of Christ through good example. Promise yourself that you will always follow the way of Christ without any hesitation.
REVEREND G. T. GREGOIRE, C. S. B. , B. A.
French, Latin, Religion
God bless you.FACULTY
REVEREND J. M. WILSON C. S. B. , M. Ed. Chemistry, Science, Religion, Economics.
REVEREND H. W. KEON C. S. B. . B. A., S. T. B.
Science, Mathematics, Religion.
MR. S. W. SAWICKI B. Ed. , M. Ed. Vice-Principal English, Social Studies.
REVEREND F. W. CAHILL C. S. B. , B. A. , M. Ed. Literature, Language, Mathematics, Religion, Sociology.
MR. M. COUGHLIN B. A.
Social, Biology, Language.FACULTY
MR. R. KEOP B. A.
Language, Law, Social Studies.
MR. RUFF Physical Education, Health, Mathematics.
MR. J. G. M A HONE Geography, Literature Mathematics, Art.
MR. W. OLEKSUIK Mathematics, Science Community Economics.
*
MR. F. WEILER B. Ed.
Industrial Arts.
MR. A. DUCKETT Industrial Arts, Literature.PRESIDENT’S
This year 1962 will be a turning point in the lives of many students. Some will go on to higher education either at university, junior college, or technical school. Still others will venture into the world to find their respective places. To those of us who are graduating, the knowledge gained during these high school years will help to guide us in the future, whether it be in higher education or in the business world.
Graduation day will live forever in the minds and hearts of those graduating. It represents an accomplishment which we have strived for since early youth. We can proudly say that we are graduating with a truly Catholic education which will serve as a firm basis for our life ahead.
On behalf of the Students' Council and myself I would sincerely like to thank all who have helped with the year's activities, especially Mr. Sawicki, our council advisor. Father Gregoire, whose help was greatly appreciated, and indeed, the whole staff for their interest and cooperation on all occasions.
I would also like to thank the student body for its support of the numerous activities we organized during the year. I would like those who are returning to St. Francis to remember that its graduates have done their best to live up to the ideals of our school. The spirit and tradition of St. Francis has become known and accepted and future students should try to maintain this tradition.
To those graduating, I would like to say good luck in whatever the future holds in store for them.
Mike Wake rich.DON WENTZ - A newcomer to St. Francis, Don plans to go into Agriculture at Mount Royal next year.
DOUG PEDERSON - We'll see how long Doug keeps his vow to bachelorhood. His favorite forms of recreation are aquatics and gymnastics. Future is undecided.
TOM ASH - Tom plans to return to St. Francis then go on to Calgary Tech. He played 3rd in the St. Francis rink in the South Alberta Curling Playdown,
HENRY CHRISTENSEN - Hails from Cold Lake. A quiet but likable addition to our class.
JACK HABERMAN - One of the active members of the Senior Sodality, Jack is the school's number one orator. His favorite hobby is photography, and he plans on entering university in the field of bio-physics.
JIM MATISZ - Jim's musical life included the school orchestra, Lethbridge band, and the Symphony Orchestra.
His services as a trainer for the Cougars football team were valuable. He hopes to enter dentistry.
KEN MC DERMOTT - Our accomplished accordionist led his school curling rink to the finals of the city Briar playdowns. Future is undecided.DALE KEENAN - Dale curls during the winter season. His plans for next year are indefinite.
MIKE BRUCHET - A real outdoors man; Mike was one of the first stringers on the Saints' basketball squad. Arts with a major in history at Notre Dame in B. C. are his hopes.
MIKE WAKE RICH - Mike quarterbacked the Cougars to second place this season, and was the president of the Students' Council. Hopes to go into Law in the future.
BRIAN BOYDEN - Took an active part in the senior Sodality and houseleague basketball. Future plans include farming.
ERIC MASS - Favorite form of recreation is swimming. Plans to enter forestry after high school.
DENNIS O'CONNELL - An ardent mountain climber and sailor, Dennis was a member of the Students' Council, school orchestra and the Cougar backfield. Going into Law at U. of A. next fall.
PETER KRUCZKO - St. Francis' gift to the weaker sex plans to go into accounting after high school.ART MERRICK - Among his many activities such as chemistry and Sodality,
Art finds time to maintain a high average. He hopes to go into the Arts and Sciences at JC next year.
DON HAMMERLINDL - Of all his loves, his motorcycle rates the highest. He was president of the Lethbridge Motorcycle Club, and hopes to go into electronics at tech, school next year.
PAT TURNER - This sturdy lad was one of the outstanding members of the Cougars. Future is to be in Auto Mechanics after Calgary Tech.
EARL WILLIAMS - Cougars' head trainer, next year pre-med at JC to be followed by Medicine at U. of A.
TED FARKAS - Ted's future is undecided at present. However his quick wit should carry him far. He enjoys working on cars and playing chess.
TERRY FRITZ - Terry has not made any definite plans for next year but will succeed in any undertaking. His hobbies include fishing, and hunting.
•BILL PETA - Bill was a member of the Sodality and a faithful member of the extra help in math every Tuesday morning. He wants to be a teacher.TIM GRISAK -Known as a large child, Tim was mainstay in the Cougar defensive line as centre. Plans to return to St. Francis next year.
NICK ALVAU - Played guard, tackle, and fullback on the Cougars; next year plans to enter the auto mechanics profession in Lethbridge.
MARTIN DAVIES - Gained the reputation of being Father Wilson's favorite Math. 30 pupil. Took an active part in sports. .. Law at Toronto next year.
DON DEMERS - Cars rate high among his favorite pastimes. After technical school, he is going into the auto-body mechanics trade.
BILL TEDESCO - True sportsman. Main achievements came in football and basketball. Employee of Lethbridge Rec. Depart, he hopes to major in Physical Education.
LARRY RADICS - Outstanding member of the Flyers. Next year he hopes to attend Calgary Tech.
GARY YOUNG - Played part of the season as Cougar end. Wants to take a computing and statistics course at Seattle in the future.
JOHN SHAW - Photography and a paper route took up most of his time. Next year.. . Seminary in Edmonton.GRADE TWELVE
Dermis
Walshe
John
Rodzinyak
Gary
Kelly
Grange
Taylor
Don
Noel
Tom
Hales
Frank
Santo
Mike
Girard
Ken
Bobinec
Dave
Chumik
Harry
Mannle
John
Zubach
10O KuJ/
Edmund
Carpenter
Tom
Hay
Dale
DvorackGRADE
Ken
Matisz
Tom
Atwood
Leonard
Mitzel
John
Stengl
James
Weiler
ELEVEN
Bob
Revenko
Leo
Burgess
Glen
Wyrostok
Daryl
Boyden
Ken
Fabbi
Art
Kyle
Ken
Thom
Barry
Brown
Joe
Zezulka
Frank
Velba
Adair
Watson
Pierre
Simons
Bon
Smith
Romano
Petri
Paul
Tardif
Denis
BenardVictor
Palychuk
Donald
Swedish
John
Kovacs
Jack
Velker
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Bruchet
GRADE
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Mueller
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Byrne
John
Ondrus
Otto
Pankatay
Henry
Lewicki
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Donnelly
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Pisko
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Luciani
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Troman
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Lisowicz
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Kulpa
Rodger See man
John
Kaupp
Wayne
Peterson
Ken Boye r
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LaValley
Jim
Gruenwald
Gary
Patience
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McCormack
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GordaACTIVITIESSTUDENT COUNCIL
STANDING: I). Ball
Grade 8 Representative
D. Swedish Vice-President
C. O'Brian Grade 8 Representative
SEA TE D: W. Duehan Grade 10 Representative
J. McCormack Grade 10 Representative
R. Smith M. Wakerich Secretary President
D. O'Connell Treasurer
G. Mychasiuk Grade 9 Representative
A. Bogusky Grade 9 Representative
This year's Student Council enjoyed a very successful term in office. The executive consisted of Mike Wakerich, President; Don Swedish, Vice-President; Dennis O'Connell, Treasurer; and Hon Smith, Secretary. Grades 8 to 10 elected room representatives.
Mr. S. Sawicki acted as Student Advisor.
The Council tried hard this year to satisfy the student needs. Bowling was introduced to the students, and was quite a success. During the winter months, hockey was a welcome recreation. The school rented the arena on specific nights so that the students could take advantage of this opportunity.
Lunch time dances called shags were held late in February and became very popular with the high school students. The social activities this year at St. Francis again were handled by the Council. A Halloween Masquerade dance was held in October with a good turnout. On February 16, a Valentine dance was held. Len Erlendson was in attendance. The gym was decorated by members of the Student Council and the Council from St. Joseph's.
The annual Spring Prom was held May 9. The gym was decorated to a South Sea theme. It was well attended by students and parents. Joe Berlando's band, the Hi-Hatters, provided musical entertainment for the evening.
The Council also made sure that the classes presented skits for the assembly period, when they were so requested.
The students, we feel, were satisfied with the work of the Students’ Council this year. The 1961-62 Council wishes success to nest year's Council and is sure that it will do an excellent job for the students.Joe Zezulka Editor-in-Chief
Paul Tardif Associate Editor
John Stengl Advertising Manager
YEARBOOK STAFF
Vox Iuvenum is more than just a collection of photographs and reading material recording the people and happenings of 1961-62 at St. Francis. Truly, it is the "voice of young men. " In the years to come it will be treasured for the memories it holds, symbolizing what was enjoyed and loved.
A school is a place of tradition. Each student or teacher who joins its ranks becomes a part of that tradition. He is moulded by the school's past even as he himself contributes to its future. So it is here at St. Francis. New students come; graduates go. But something of the school tradition remains, for St. Francis, though young in years, has already created a story of its own. That story lives on and grows, as the school itself lives on and expands. This is your story. To its chapters you will contribute as students and as graduates of St. Francis. That is why the staff has endeavored to present a book different both in spirit and format. Then, when we look at it in five, ten, or twenty years, we will be able to say, "This was the year 1962, and it was a good year. "
If this book, both now and in the years which lie ahead, helps to bring back memories of St. Francis and the activities you enjoyed this year, our work will be richly rewarded.
With sincere pride we present this year's Vox Iuvenum, hopeful that it will be a distinct credit to our school and faculty. Sincerely we hope that the "Voice of Young Men" will be enjoyable to its readers, beneficial to its loyal sponsors and patrons, and above all, a lasting memory to our many friendships cultivated here at St. Francis.
Daryl Boyden Photographer
Joe Zezulka.
Denis Benard Sales Manager
Benny Arnold Artist
Jack Haber man Photo Editor Ken Fabbi PhotographerSODALITY
BACK ROW: D. Boyden, B. Peta, D. Benard, K. Thom, J. Zezulka, K. Fabbi.
FRONT ROW: J. Stengl, D. Walshe, A. Merrick, J. Haberman,
A. Kyle, L. Mitzel, Prefect.
W. Peterson, II. Lisowicz, R. Seeman, S. Dobay, M, Clewes, A. Pigat, J. Schnitzer, B. Troman, J. McCormack, J. Gruenwald.
AD JESUM PER MARIACHEMISTRY CLUB
J. McCormack, A. Merrick, President; J. Velker, A. Kyle, P. Tardif, Secretary; T. Kulpa, Treasurer; T. Pigat, Father Wilson, J. Zezulka.
SODALITY
Throughout the 1961-62 season, the Sodality of Mary has been active in many spiritual and social works. The Sodalists have attended Mass in a body one day a week throughout the term and have played key roles in the organization of the annual Vocational Rally held at St. Francis. The Junior Sodality lias also helped the students of the school through their diligent work in the "canteen. "
Ili-liting the group's activities this year was the Annual Sodality Convention held in Calgary in February. The theme of the convention, attended by about 300 Sodalists, was "Sodality Today Has an Eye on Tomorrow. "
The motto of the Sodality, "Ad Jesum Per Mariam, " suggests to us that the Sodalist must be willing to co-operate with Mary in performing the works required by the Sodality Rules. He must strive to practise his true Catholic faith in the presence of others. We hope that the students of St. Francis will recognize the work that is being done by the members of the Sodality in their attempt to set a high religious and moral standard for our
Catholic school and students.
This year, under the auspices of Father Wilson, several students risked life, limb, and their good health in the pursuit of chemistry.
Among this year's activities were several trips to industrial and chemical plants, as well as the avid experimentation which took place in the school lab.
An interesting series of experiments having ho perscribed conclusion, thus allowing experimentation, proved exceedingly popular. Such, however, was not only in fun and a great amount of useful and important work resulted. The tours included a trip to the city water purification plant, the local research station, and the B-A sulphur plant in Pincher Creek.
Chemistry Club meetings were not the only periods of scientific endeavor as much of the work undertaken by the senior members was completed in many long hours spent after school.
The Chemistry Club wishes to thank Father Wilson for his untiring efforts which made the time spent in the lab. most enjoyable and beneficial to all those involved.MATH CLUB
P. Tardif, J. Stengl, D. Benard, J. Zezalka, D. Luciani, K. Matisz, Father Keon, Moderator.
MISSING: K. Fabbi.ANNUAL RETREAT
Pack up the books, put all material things aside! It's time for a retreat at St. Francis High School. Yes, that was the cry on March 20. For two days, silence was to reign supreme and the students of St. Francis prepared to take a step closer toward God.
Our retreat master was Reverend Father Male, whose inspiring talks opened our eyes a little wider so that we could see and understand a little more clearly our ultimate goal and the means needed to achieve it. Throughout the conferences, the quotation "To Jesus Through Mary" was emphasized to impress upon our minds the importance of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary in redeeming ourselves and the whole world as well.
The atmosphere of prayer and penance that pervaded the halls of St. Francis gave sufficient testimony of the appreciation of the students for this privilege and of the success of the retreat.
Reverend Father Malo
MISSION REPORT
You might call this year at St. Francis, "Mission Year," because it has been a wonderful one and should be noted. The year started with a bang and a mission raffle helped pull the slackening season out to reach the new objective of $500. 00. This objective has already been excelled.
Again this year Father Wilson's room 9B, has come through with flying colors to take first place, far ahead of everyone else. Next in line was Grade 10B.
As a result of the tremendous generosity of the teachers and students many needy children will receive help, and we are sure they will be truly thankful.
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The life and works of Osbert of Clare
No full textOsbert of Clare was an English monastic writer, whose works extended from
the mid-1120s to the mid-1150s. His Latin hagiography reflects a deep admiration for
Anglo-Saxon saints and spirituality, while his letters provide a personal perspective
on his turbulent career. As prior of Westminster Abbey, Osbert of Clare worked to
strengthen the rights and prestige of his monastery. His production of forged or
altered charters makes him one of England's most prolific medieval forgers. At times
his passion for reform put him at odds with his abbots, and he was sent into exile
under both Abbot Herbert (1121-c.1136) and Abbot Gervase (1138-c.1157). Also
Osbert, as one of the first proponents of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, wrote
about the feast, worked to legitimize its celebration, and provided us with the only
significant narration of its introduction to England.
This thesis is divided into two sections. The first section is principally
historical and the second is principally literary. In the first section, I provide an
overview of Osbert of Clare's career and examine in greater detail two of his most
significant undertaking: his promotion of Westminster Abbey and his attempted
canonization of Edward the Confessor. In the second section, I give a philological
study of Osbert Latin style and examine themes that nm throughout his writings, such
as virginity, exile and kingship. Osbert's promotion of the feast of the Immaculate
Conception is included in the second section of the thesis because of its ties to the
themes of virginity and femininity within his writings. There are also two appendices:
the first is a survey of the extant manuscripts of Osbert's writings, and the second is
an edition of Osbert's unpublished Life of St Ethelbert from Gotha,
Forschungsbibliothek MS Memb. i. 8l
The rise and fall of a policy rule: monetarism at the St. Louis Fed, 1968-1986
No full textFrom the 1960s to the 1980s, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis played an important and highly visible role in the development and advocacy of stabilization policy based on the targeting of monetary aggregates. Research conducted at the St. Louis Bank extended earlier monetarist analysis that had focused on the role of money in explaining economic activity in the long run. Their success in finding apparently robust, stable relationships in both long- and short-run data led monetarists to apply long-run propositions to short-run policy questions, effectively competing with alternative views of the time. When the short-run correlation between money and economic activity went astray in the early 1980s, however, the efficacy of the monetarist rule and appeals for targeting monetary aggregates to achieve economic stabilization quickly lost credibility. This article traces the evolution of monetary policy research at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis as it moved from the identification of long-run relationships between money and economic activity toward short-run policy analysis. The authors show how monetarists were lulled into advocating a short-run stabilization policy and argue that this experience councils against overconfidence in our ability to identify infallible rules for conducting short-run stabilization policy in general.Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ; Research and development
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