37 research outputs found
Semantic disambiguation using Distributional Semantics
No full textVe statistických modelů sémantiky jsou významy slov pouze na základě jejich distribuční vlastnosti.Základní zdroj je zde jeden slovník, který lze použít pro různé úkoly, kde se význam slov reprezentovány jako vektory v vektorového prostoru, a slovní podoby jako vzdálenosti mezi jejich vektorových osobnosti. Pomocí silných podobnosti, může vhodnost podmínek uvedených zejména v souvislosti se vypočítá a používá pro celou řadu úkolů, jeden z nich je slovo smysl Disambiguation. V této práci bylo vyšetřeno několik různých přístupů k modelům z vektorového prostoru a prováděny tak, aby k překročení vyhodnocení vlastního výkonu na Word Sense disambiguation úkolem Prague Dependency Treebank
Tuning of a central controller for a sewer network using multiple simplified models
No full textWater Resource
Critique potential of common sense in Goffman’s frame analysis
No full textU ovom radu ćemo pokušati da razmotrimo kritički potencijal sociologije Ervinga Gofmana. Polazna hipoteza će biti da Gofmanovo shavatanje zdravog razuma koje je ponudio u Analizi okvira otvara mogućnost za formulaciju kritičkog uvida u strukturalne datosti svakodnevne društvene prakse. Pokušaćemo takođe da pokažemo da je ovakvo Gofmanovo razumevanje zdravog razuma bilo pod jakim uticajem pragmatizma i fenomenologije, te da su često zanemarene epistemološke razlike između ova dva teorijska pravca ostavile posledice i na gofmanovsku sociologiju. Naime, u Analizi okvira možemo uvek iznova da iščitamo svojevrsnu teorijsku napetost između pragmatičkog insistiranja na autonomnom teorijskom značaju zdravog razuma i redukcionističkih nastojanja koje su fenomenolozi gajili spram ove forme mišljenja. Shodno tome, tvrdićemo da je upravo ova ambivalencija po pitanju uloge zdravog razuma u tumačenju društvene stvarnosti predstavlja glavni razlog što kritički potencijal Gofmanove sociologije ostaje u velikoj meri implicitan po svom karakteru.In this paper, I will try to appraise the critique potential of Erving Goffman’s sociology. The starting hypothesis will be that Goffman’s understanding of common sense offered in Frame Analysis opens the possibility of attaining a critical insight into the structural givens of everyday practice. I will also try to show that Goffman’s understanding of common sense was under heavy influence of pragmatism and phenomenology - and that the often-overseen epistemological differences between these two schools of thought had significant consequences on his sociology. Namely, in the Frame Analysis we can easily find a certain tension between insistence on the autonomous theoretical importance of common sense put forward by the pragmatist and reductionist tendencies towards this type of thought found among the phenomenologists. Therefore, I will argue that this ambivalence regarding the role of common sense in interpreting social realty is the main reason why critique potential of Goffman’s sociology remains implicit in its character
Rorty and contemporary social theory
No full textThe aim of this paper is to show certain aspects of Rorty’s philosophy that are relevant to social theory, and also to point out the most important divergences of Rorty’s insights from postmodern understanding of social reality. Therefore, in the first part of the paper I will examine both Rorty’s philosophy of edification and all relevant criticisms to his view of philosophy “as a communication of mankind”. Furthermore, I will try to establish to which extent Rorty’s understanding of contingency and its implications really falls close to postmodern thought. I will also argue that the impossibility of philosophical justification of social reality, according to Rorty, does not entail impossibility of moral progress and that the role of social theory is actually in raising the level of inclusion of social interaction and in providing social hope. Moreover, it will be shown that Rorty, unlike Foucault and Derrida, thought that the institutions of Western democracy and liberalism are quite capable to achieve these goals and that accomplishment of this liberal utopia greatly depends on the degree of commitment to moral progress that all actors (writers, social scientists and philosophers) within the cultural field share
Structurational aspect of Georg Simmel's sociology
No full textIn this paper attempt will be made in explaining some basic notions of Simmel's sociology, especially those regarding his very complex comprehension of money and causality in history. In analysis of his work, I will argue that Simmel stands very close to the contemporary structurational point of view, and that there are three levels of freedom and structural givens (overlapping each other) in society. These are: meta-theoretical level, level of integration into the World, and the historical level. Besides that, less explicit aims of this paper are to show that in Simmlel's thought there are no disciplinary borders between sociology and philosophy, as well as to depict some of the potential benefits that sociology might get from this line of reasoning
Ultra-thin mems fabricated tynodes for electron multiplication
No full textFor decades, photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been the most common choice in single photon detection, covering the spectral range from deep-ultraviolet to nearinfrared. PMT is a vacuum tube with three crucial components: photocathode, chain of dynodes and anode. At the photocathode, photons are converted to electrons in a photoelectric effect, after which they are directed to the dynodes chain. The material and geometry of dynodes are chosen to efficiently amplify the charge through the secondary electron emission (in reflection mode). Finally, created avalanche of electrons is collected and measured by the anode. Timed Photon Counter (TiPC) is a novel vacuum-based photomultiplier proposed to overcome limitations of PMTs in terms of size, speed, spatial resolution and operation in the presence of magnetic field. The key novelty of TiPC is a tynode – a large-size array of ultra-thin, free-standing membranes which, in contrast to dynodes, multiply electrons in the transmission mode. Due to the short and straight crossing paths of electrons between subsequent tynodes, the time resolution of the TiPC can be in the order of 10 -12 s. The set of tynodes is placed under the photocathode, and on top of a CMOS detecting chip. With such design, TiPC represents a light, compact and ultra-fast photodetecting device with a high relevance for solid state, atomic and molecular physics experiments, medical imaging and 3D optical imaging. The focus of this thesis is microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication of the tynodes. To our knowledge, this is the first time MEMS technology is employed as a powerful tool for the production of large arrays of free-standing membranes, with thicknesses of only a few nanometers, to be used in photodetection. Detailed analysis in terms of mechanical, optical, electrical and structural properties were performed in order to discern the most suitable material for the TiPC application among the investigated candidates. The transmission SEY (TSEY) of the released tynodes is analysed with a dedicated setup, specifically developed in our group, inserted in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) was employed as a technique to grow silicon nitride (SiN) tynodes with varied layout, elemental stoichiometry and thicknesses in the range from 25 to 40 nm. Due to its inability to produce good-quality films with thicknesses lower than 20 nm, LPCVD was replaced by atomic layer deposition (ALD). It was found that SiN performs poorly in terms of secondary electron emission (SEE), and we selected Al2O3 (alumina) as the next tynode material. The ALD of alumina is investigated in the temperature range from 300 down to 100 °C, with the goal to determine its viability in the coating of temperature-sensitive substrates such as photoresist. We demonstrated the fabrication of 5 – 25 nm-thick ALD alumina tynodes which exhibited moderately high TSEY. Apart from SiN and alumina, other materials subjected to SEE analysis in this work were: chemical vapour deposited (CVD) ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD), monocrystalline silicon and LPCVD silicon carbide (SiC). Applying atomic layer deposited magnesium oxide (MgO) as the tynode material resulted in a transmission secondary electron yield (TSEY) of up to 5.5, by which it proved to be the most efficient electron multiplier among materials taken into account in this work. During the fabrication of tynodes, SEE films were exposed to different MEMS processing steps, and thus inevitably undewent a surface modification which alters the SEE properties. On that account, we conducted a study on the ALD MgO films subjected to various chemical and thermal treatments and explored the methods to further enhance their SEE. For the final application in the TiPC, stacked tynodes should provide the focusing of electrons. To meet this requirement, the emission film was grown on a pre-patterned substrate, which enabled hemi-spherical shape of the released membranes. Finally, for the vertical stacking and alignment of the tynodes, steps for the formation of V-grooves were added in the standard fabrication flowchart.EKL Processin
Power Dissipation in the Subtectorial Space of the Mammalian Cochlea Is Modulated by Inner Hair Cell Stereocilia
No full textAbstractThe stereocilia bundle is the mechano-transduction apparatus of the inner ear. In the mammalian cochlea, the stereocilia bundles are situated in the subtectorial space (STS)—a micrometer-thick space between two flat surfaces vibrating relative to each other. Because microstructures vibrating in fluid are subject to high-viscous friction, previous studies considered the STS as the primary place of energy dissipation in the cochlea. Although there have been extensive studies on how metabolic energy is used to compensate the dissipation, much less attention has been paid to the mechanism of energy dissipation. Using a computational model, we investigated the power dissipation in the STS. The model simulates fluid flow around the inner hair cell (IHC) stereocilia bundle. The power dissipation in the STS because of the presence IHC stereocilia increased as the stimulating frequency decreased. Along the axis of the stimulating frequency, there were two asymptotic values of power dissipation. At high frequencies, the power dissipation was determined by the shear friction between the two flat surfaces of the STS. At low frequencies, the power dissipation was dominated by the viscous friction around the IHC stereocilia bundle—the IHC stereocilia increased the STS power dissipation by 50- to 100-fold. There exists a characteristic frequency for STS power dissipation, CFSTS, defined as the frequency where power dissipation drops to one-half of the low frequency value. The IHC stereocilia stiffness and the gap size between the IHC stereocilia and the tectorial membrane determine the characteristic frequency. In addition to the generally assumed shear flow, nonshear STS flow patterns were simulated. Different flow patterns have little effect on the CFSTS. When the mechano-transduction of the IHC was tuned near the vibrating frequency, the active motility of the IHC stereocilia bundle reduced the power dissipation in the STS
A pragmatic critique of the conception of everyday praxis within Jeffrey Alexander’s cultural sociology
No full textThis paper tries to critically analyse Jeffrey Alexander’s cultural sociology. In the first part of the paper I will examine Alexander’s conception of hermeneutical structuralism which argues that conventional systemic sociology and richness of experience found in everyday praxis can be reconciled. In the next section I will provide a critique of this kind of approach to social theory and maintain that Alexander’s sociology is, in principle, reductionist regarding everyday life. In addition, I will also point out some of the comparative advantages that pragmatically oriented theory has in the attempt of integrating theoretical and practical knowledge. In the final section of the paper, I will try to illustrate some of the major shortcomings of Alexander’s sociology on the concrete example of advances in computer technology. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43007: Istrаživаnje uticaja klimаtskih promenа nа životnu sredinu: prаćenje uticаjа, аdаptаcijа i ublаžаvаnje
