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Stenosfemuraia cuadrata Gonzalez-Sponga 2005
No full textStenosfemuraia cuadrata González-Sponga, 2005 Figs 972, 1064 Synonymy and redescription, see Huber & Arias (2017). Notes Previously published coordinates of the type locality Hacienda Limón (González-Sponga 2005; Huber & Arias 2017) were wrong. We assume that the true collecting site was at approximately 10.475° N, 67.283° W. Our new site below is at a higher elevation and approximately 3.7 km SE of the type locality. González-Sponga’s (2005) record of S. cuadrata from Galipán (El Ávila National Park) is probably based on 1 ♂, 1 ♀, MIZA 105577 (MAGS 1422). However, the specimens in this vial are S. parva González-Sponga, 1998 (see below). The only other Stenosfemuraia specimens from Galipán in the MAGS collection are also S. parva (and correctly identified as such by González-Sponga): 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, MIZA 105674 (MAGS 1172) (see under S. parva below). Since there are no unambiguous records of S. cuadrata from El Ávila National Park, we consider González-Sponga’s (2005) record as erroneous. New records VENEZUELA – Aragua • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv., ZFMK (Ar 22128), and 1 ♂ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven18-150), Colonia Tovar, forest above town (10.4144° N, 67.3005° W), 2140 m a.s.l., 8 Nov. 2018 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M.). – La Guaira • 1 ♂, ZFMK (Ar 22129), and 1 ♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven18-156), El Limón, above road Colonia Tovar-Puerto Cruz (10.4566° N, 67.2548° W), 1535 m a.s.l., 9 Nov. 2018 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M.). Distribution Known from El Limón (La Guaira; type locality) and Colonia Tovar area (Aragua) (Fig. 1064).Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Villarreal, Osvaldo, 2020, On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae), pp. 1-317 in European Journal of Taxonomy 718 on pages 271-272, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101, http://zenodo.org/record/406957
Stenosfemuraia Gonzalez-Sponga 1998
No full textStenosfemuraia González-Sponga, 1998 Notes This genus has been revised recently (Huber & Arias 2017). It seems to be restricted to the Coastal Ranges in Venezuela (Fig. 1064). The ZFMK collection has at least one further species from this region, but it is not formally described here because no males are available: Stenosfemuraia ‘Ven18-10’, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv., ZFMK (Ar 22127), and 1 ♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven18-154), Aragua, Colonia Tovar, forest above town (10.4144° N, 67.3005° W), 2140 m a.s.l., 8 Nov. 2018 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M.). The epigynum of this species is shown in Fig. 1003. For notes on natural history see Huber & Arias (2017). Several species may share a single locality. In the forest above Colonia Tovar, three species were found within a few meters: the relatively long-legged S. cuadrata González-Sponga, 2005 in domed webs among dead palm leaves and other objects close to the ground; the smaller S. pilosa (González-Sponga, 2005) in small cavities in the ground; and the tiny undescribed Stenosfemuraia ‘Ven18-10’ on the undersides of leaves in the leaf litter. Diagnosis and description (amendments; see Huber & Arias 2017) The newly described S. exigua Huber sp. nov. is smaller than previously described species and lacks curved hairs on legs, which requires the following amendments: male body length: 2.3–3.5; male leg 1 length: 12–24; male tibia 1 length: 2.9–5.7; male legs with our without curved hairs.Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Villarreal, Osvaldo, 2020, On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae), pp. 1-317 in European Journal of Taxonomy 718 on pages 270-271, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101, http://zenodo.org/record/406957
Stenosfemuraia cuadrata Gonzalez-Sponga 2005
No full textStenosfemuraia cuadrata González-Sponga, 2005 Figs 15–27, 45–48 Stenosfemuraia cuadrata González-Sponga, 2005: 106, pl. 4, figs 1–9 (♂ ♀). Stenosfemuraia sp.: Bruvo-Mađarić et al. 2005: 663 (DNA sequence: 28S); Astrin et al. 2006: 445 (DNA sequences: 16S, CO1). Diagnosis. Males are easily distinguished from S. parva by armature of male chelicerae (Fig. 24; one pair of simple frontal apophyses; see also fig. 3 in González-Sponga 2005); from S. pilosa by shape of procursus (Figs 47–48; slender in dorsal view, without subdistal side branch, with simple tip; possibly indistinguishable from S. parva); from both species also by more slender femora (~0.13 versus 0.19–0.21 in S. parva and 0.29–0.34 in S. pilosa). Females differ from congeners by sclerotized lateral elements of epigynal plate (Figs 19, 26; absent in S. pilosa; rather parallel orientation in S. parva) and by distinctive shape of anteriorly contiguous pore plates (Figs 21, 27). Males and females also differ from congeners by longer legs (♂ tibia 1 L/d: ~60 versus 5.0 versus 3.0 versus <3.0). Type material. VENEZUELA: Vargas: 22♂ 16♀ types (+8 juvs and 4 prosomata) (see Notes below), MIZA (GS 1164 part), Hacienda El Limón, Municipio Carayaca, 950 m [~ 10.532°N, 67.119°W; see Notes below], 12.viii.1989 – 4.v.1991 (A.R. Delgado de González, M.A. González-Sponga), 3♂ examined by BAH. Other material examined. VENEZUELA: Aragua: 4♂ 3♀ 1 juv., ZFMK (Ar 18253), forest above Colonia Tovar (10.417°N, 67.300°W), ~ 2100 m a.s.l., under dead leaves on ground, 26.xi.2002 (B.A. Huber); 4♂ 6♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven 02/100-10), same data. 2♀, MNHN (Ar 10052 part), with Simon’s label “14653 Psil.— Tovar!”, no further data [leg. E. Simon, 1887–88]. Redescription. Male (ZFMK Ar 18253). MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.5, carapace width 1.0. Distance PME-PME 80 µm, diameter PME 100 µm, distance PME-ALE 90 µm, distance AME-AME 20 µm, diameter AME 20 µm. Sternum width/length: 0.75/0.50. Leg 1: 21.1 (4.9 + 0.4 + 5.1 + 8.8 + 1.9), tibia 2: 3.1, tibia 3: 2.4, tibia 4: 2.8; tibia 1 L/d: 60. Femora 1–4 width (at half length): all ~0.13. COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace ochre-yellow with brown marginal bands and median mark including ocular area and clypeus (Fig. 15); sternum whitish; legs ochre-yellow, femora and tibiae with subdistal darker rings (and indistinct light tips); abdomen pale gray, dorsally and laterally with dark bluish internal marks, ventrally with indistinct light brown plate in front of gonopore, without mark behind gonopore. BODY. Habitus as in Figs 15–16; ocular area raised; carapace elevated, with deep median furrow; clypeus and sternum unmodified. CHELICERAE. With one pair of simple (undivided) frontal apophyses (Fig. 24). PALPS. As in Figs 22–23; coxa with retrolatero-ventral apophysis; trochanter barely modified; femur with retrolatero-ventral process proximally and small ventral apophysis distally; procursus very simple, slender in dorsal view, without subdistal side branch (Figs 47–48); bulb with two dorsal processes, distal apophysis curved, very slender towards tip (Figs 45–46). LEGS. Without spines; with curved hairs on metatarsi 1–3, few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 6%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~25 pseudosegments, distally distinct. Male (variation). Tibia 1 in 8 other males: 5.0–5.7 (mean 5.3). Internal abdominal marks less distinct in types. One male with few curved hairs also on tibiae 1–3. Female. In general similar to male (Figs 17–18), legs without curved hairs. Tibia 1 in 7 females: 3.3–3.7 (mean 3.5). Epigynum as in Figs 19–20, 25–26; with large protruding weakly sclerotized area in front of light brown epigynal plate, with pair of dark lateral sclerites in transversal orientation, posterior margin evenly curved; posterior plate simple. Internal genitalia as in Figs 21 and 27, with pair of anteriorly contiguous pore-plates, membranous median sac, and anteriorly diverging sclerites/‘wings’. Natural history. All specimens were collected from forest leaf litter. González-Sponga (2005) specifically mentions Cecropia leaves. Distribution. Known from medium to high elevation forests (950–2100 m a.s.l.) in Aragua (Tovar area) and Vargas states, Venezuela (Fig. 1). Notes. González-Sponga (2005) reported 1♂ holotype (“1164a”), 1♀ paratype (“1164b”), and 21♂ 27♀ adult paratypes without specific collection number. Only one vial was found at MIZA, labeled “1164” and containing 22♂ 16♀ 8 juvs and 4 prosomata. Of the 22♂, three belong to S. parva and were separated (see above) (and clearly labeled as being part of the S. cuadrata type series). The label says “Hda El Limón, Dpto Vargas, DF” (which differs only with respect to administrative units from the locality as published in the original description: “Hacienda El Limón, Municipio Carayaca, Estado Vargas) and lists four dates: “ 12-8-89, 29-10-89, 10-8-90, 4-5- 91 ” (which agrees with the range in the original description). We suspect that this is the entire type series and that a holotype was never physically separated from this series. Since the identity of the species is beyond doubt, and since the holotype might just be misplaced rather than lost, we prefer not to designate a neotype and to treat the type specimens unspecifically as “ types ”. González-Sponga (2005) gives the distribution of S. cuadrata as “Galipán, Parque Nacional El Avila, Estado Vargas ”. This does not agree with the type locality. The exact coordinates of the type locality are not known to us, but Hacienda El Limón is close to the town of Carayaca, while Galipán [San Antonio de Galipán] is a town within the limits of El Ávila National Park and lies about 25 km E of the type locality. We do not have an explanation for this contradiction. In addition, the coordinates in González-Sponga (2005) are clearly wrong (about 32 km SW of Carayaca, in the state of Aragua). Some measurements in González-Sponga (2005) are clearly wrong, e.g.: female carapace width (0.4; should be ~0.7).Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Arias, Quintin, 2017, Revision of the Venezuelan spider genus Stenosfemuraia González-Sponga, with new generic and specific synonymies (Araneae, Pholcidae), pp. 495-508 in Zootaxa 4341 (4) on pages 500-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4341.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/104055
Stenosfemuraia parva Gonzalez-Sponga 1998
No full textStenosfemuraia parva González-Sponga, 1998 Figs 2–14, 41–44 Stenosfemuraia parva González-Sponga, 1998: 22, figs 11–20 (♂♀). Diagnosis. Males are easily distinguished from known congeners by armature of male chelicerae (Fig. 11; two distinct pairs of frontal apophyses; see also fig. 14 in González-Sponga 1998); from S. pilosa also by shape of procursus (Figs 43–44; slender in dorsal view, without subdistal side branch, with simple tip; possibly indistinguishable from S. cuadrata) and by less thick femora (~0.19–0.21 versus 0.29–0.34); females differ from congeners by sclerotized lateral elements of epigynal plate (Figs 6, 13; absent in S. pilosa; transversal orientation in S. cuadrata; see also fig. 20 in González-Sponga 1998). Type material. VENEZUELA: Capital District: 1♂ 4♀ types (see Notes below), MIZA (GS 185), “Carretera El Junquito—Carajaca” [10.445°N, 67.147°W], 2.v.1981 (A.R. Delgado de González, J.A. González D., M.A. González-Sponga), all examined by BAH. Other material examined. VENEZUELA: Capital District: 6♂ 9♀ 6 juvs, ZFMK (Ar 18251), Parque Nacional El Ávila (10.529°N, 66.857°W), ~ 1700 m a.s.l., under dead leaves on ground, 25.xi.2002 (B.A. Huber); 3♀, ZFMK (Ar 18252), same data but at 2100 m a.s.l. (10.535°N, 66.854°W). Vargas: 3♂ separated from vial with types of S. cuadrata, MIZA (GS 1164 part), Hacienda El Limón, Municipio Carayaca, 950 m [~10.532°N, 67.119°W; see Notes under redescription of S. cuadrata below], 12.viii.1989 – 4.v.1991 (A.R. Delgado de González, M.A. González-Sponga). Redescription. Male (ZFMK Ar 18251). MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 2.9, carapace width 1.25. Distance PME-PME 85 µm, diameter PME 100 µm, distance PME-ALE 60 µm, distance AME-AME 20 µm, diameter AME 25 µm. Sternum width/length: 0.75/0.50. Leg 1: 13.7 (3.5 + 0.4 + 3.4 + 5.2 + 1.2), tibia 2: 2.4, tibia 3: 1.9, tibia 4: 2.3; tibia 1 L/d: 36. Femora 1–4 width (at half length): 0.19, 0.20, 0.21, 0.20. COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace ochre-yellow with light brown pattern (radiating lines connecting median and lateral areas; Fig. 2); ocular area and clypeus light brown; sternum light brown; legs ochre-yellow to light brown, without dark or light rings; abdomen greenish gray, dorsally and laterally densely covered with dark bluish internal marks, ventrally with brown plate in front of gonopore and short bluish mark behind gonopore. BODY. Habitus as in Figs 2–3; ocular area raised; carapace elevated, with deep median furrow; clypeus and sternum unmodified. CHELICERAE. With two pairs of distinctive frontal apophyses (Fig. 11). PALPS. As in Figs 9–10; coxa with retrolatero-ventral apophysis; trochanter barely modified; femur with retrolatero-ventral process proximally and large ventral apophysis distally; procursus very simple, slender in dorsal view, without subdistal side branch (Figs 43–44); bulb with two dorsal processes, distal apophysis curved, relatively short and thick (Figs 41–42). LEGS. Without spines; with curved hairs on tibiae and metatarsi 1–3, few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 7.5%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~20 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Male (variation). Tibia 1 in 8 other males: 3.4–3.7 (mean 3.5). Internal abdominal marks less distinct in types. Female. In general similar to male but carapace less elevated (Figs 4–5), legs without curved hairs (curved hairs are also absent in juveniles, including penultimate instar males). Tibia 1 in 14 females: 2.2–2.8 (mean 2.5). Epigynum as in Figs 6–7, 12–13; large protruding weakly sclerotized area in front of indistinct epigynal plate (in some females plate barely visible), with pair of dark lateral sclerites in parallel orientation, posterior margin with indistinct median process; posterior plate simple. Internal genitalia as in Figs 8 and 14, with pair of contiguous pore-plates, membranous median sac, and anteriorly diverging sclerites/‘wings’. Natural history. In El Ávila National Park, specimens were found in high numbers under suitably curved leaves from forest litter. They vibrated rapidly when disturbed. Males and females were often found together. González-Sponga (1998) specifically mentions Cecropia leaves. Distribution. Known from medium to high elevation forests (950–2100 m a.s.l.) in Capital District and Vargas state, Venezuela (Fig. 1). Notes. González-Sponga (1998) reported 1♂ holotype (“185a”), 1♀ paratype (“185b”), and 4♂ 4♀ paratypes without specific collection number. Only one vial was found at MIZA, labeled “185” and containing the 1♂ 4♀ specimens listed above. The label says “Carretera El Junquito—Carajaca, DF” (which differs slightly from the locality as published in the original description: “desviación a Carayaca de la carretera El Junquito-Colonia Tovar, D.F.) and “ 2-v-81 ” (which agrees with one of the two dates in the original description: 2.v.1981 and 29.i.1990). We suspect that these are part of the paratypes and that the ♂ holotype and the other 4♂ 1♀ paratypes are lost or misplaced. Since we are not able to say if the holotype is lost/misplaced or if a holotype was never physically separated, and since we do not see a need to create a neotype, we treat the type specimens unspecifically as “types”. While the conspecificity of all studied males with the male illustrated in the original description appears beyond doubt (very distinctive cheliceral armature, see above), the 4♀ in the type vial seem to belong to three species. Two of them agree with the figure in the original description and with specimens collected together with S. parva males in El Ávila National Park; these are considered conspecific with the male holotype. The other 2♀ may belong to undescribed species of Stenosfemuraia. González-Sponga (1998) gives the distribution of S. parva as “Galipán, P.N. El Avila, D.F.”. This does not agree with the type locality. Galipán [San Antonio de Galipán] is a town within the limits of El Ávila National Park and lies about 30 km ENE of the type locality. We do not have an explanation for this contradiction. In any case, the newly collected material above shows that S. parva does indeed occur in El Ávila National Park. Some measurements in González-Sponga (1998) are clearly wrong, e.g. ocular area width (1.4; should be 0.4) or male metatarsus 1 length (3.9; should be 5.9).Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Arias, Quintin, 2017, Revision of the Venezuelan spider genus Stenosfemuraia González-Sponga, with new generic and specific synonymies (Araneae, Pholcidae), pp. 495-508 in Zootaxa 4341 (4) on pages 497-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4341.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/104055
ARÁCNIDOS DE VENEZUELA. OPILIONES DEL GÉNERO SANTINEZIA (LANIATORES, CRANAIDAE).
No full textSe describen doce nuevas especies y ocho son redescritas, todas pertenecientes al género Santinezia y se transcribe la descripción de S. calcarfemoralis (Roewer, 1916). Se presentan dibujos de los caracteres morfológicos considerados significativos, y tres aspectos del extremo distal de la genitalia de los ejemplares machos; se propone una clave para identificar las especies de Venezuela; las tablas contienen los caracteres morfométricos y un mapa presenta las localidades típicas de todas las especies. Se pasa a sinonimia de Santinezia los géneros Ikossimus Roewer, 1931, Chondrodesmus Roewer, 1931 y Cranaostygnus Caporiacco, 1951. Las especies I. fuscus Roewer, 1931 y Ch. scriptus son nombres inválidos. Se crea una nueva combinación: Santinezia marcuzii (Caporiacco, 1951) y se pasa como sinónimo de esta a Gonyosoma pavani Mufioz-Cuevas, 1972 y Santinezia orghidani Avram, 1987. Así como S. simonbolívari Avram, 1987 = S. calcartibialis (Roewer, 1915); S. francourbani Avram, 1987= S. curvipes (Roewer, 1916); S. orghidani Avram, 1987 = S. marcuzzü (Caporiacco, 1951) y S. decui Avram, 1987 = S. albilineata Roewer, 1931. Se redescribe a S. marcuzzii, S. curvipes, S. calcartibialis y S. albilineata y se reproduce la redescripción de S. heliae Avram, 1983 y las descripciones de S. duranti González-Sponga, 1989, S. circumlineata González-Sponga, 1989 y S. biordi González-Sponga, 1991. Aparte se discute la pertenencia de S. calcarfemoralis (Roewer, 1916) a la fauna de Venezuela, presentando además una traducción libre de la descripción y el dibujo original de Roewer (1916, p. 151). S. benedictoi Soares y Avram, 1981 es considerada como nombre inválido. Se rechaza la distribución de S. albilineata en el Parque Nacional "Henry Pittier", Edo. Aragua (Good. and Good. 1949, p. 23); en los Jeques, Edo. Miranda y P. N. "Henry Pittier" (Caporiacco 1951, p. 27) y en las cuevas "Coy Coy de Uría" y "Casas de Piedra", Edo. Falcón (Rambla 1978, p.8). Se presenta una lista de las especies de Santinezia descritas para otros países y su correspondiente referencia bibliográfica. Se hace un comentario general derivado del estudio del género Santinezia y otros opiliones de Venezuela
Priscula limonensis Gonzalez-Sponga 1999
No full textPriscula limonensis González-Sponga, 1999 Figs 875–876, 911–915, 920–923, 1061 Priscula limonensis González-Sponga, 1999: 141, figs 29–37 (♂ only, see Notes below). Notes González-Sponga (1999) did not separate the male holotype from the other specimens, i.e., there is no MAGS 1214a and 1214b. In addition, the vial MAGS 1214 contains two males rather than just one, so it is not obvious which specimen is the holotype. Since there is no reasonable doubt that both males are conspecific, there is currently no need for selecting a lectotype and they are simply treated as types. González-Sponga (1999: figs 36–37) obviously used a juvenile for his drawings of the ‘female’. The female has a highly distinctive rounded process on the epigynum (Figs 876, 915, 921) that reminds of P. lagunosa González-Sponga, 1999 (cf. Figs 909, 917) but is larger and rounder. Females of two further similar undescribed species are available in collections: The MIZA has two females of a species with similar epigynal process, but in that case the process is directed more towards the front (MIZA 105757, MAGS 1389, from Pico Codazzi); the ZFMK has a female with a similar but much lower epigynal process (ZFMK, Ven20-182, from El Ávila National Park, near La Julia, trail to Rancho Grande). Type material VENEZUELA – La Guaira • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 6 juvs types (rather than 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀, 2 juvs), MIZA 105760 (MAGS 1214) Hacienda “El Limón ”, carretera a Puerto Cruz [approximately 10.475° N, 67.283° W] (rather than 10.45° N, 67.25° W), 27 Oct. 1990 (A.R. Delgado de G., M.A. González-S.); examined. New record VENEZUELA – La Guaira • 1 ♀ abdomen (transferred from ZFMK, Ven20-175), ZFMK (Ar 22114), and 2 ♀♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven20-175), El Limón, ‘site 2’ (10.4774° N, 67.2819° W), 1235 m a.s.l., forest along stream, 21 Feb. 2020 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M.). Description of female Habitus as in Figs 875–876. Carapace with dark median mark and lateral bands, without radial marks; sternum dark brown, medially slightly lighter. AME either tiny (diameter in paratype: 20 µm), or with dark pigment but without lenses (one of the newly collected females). Legs with dark rings on femora (incomplete ring proximally, complete rings at half-length and subdistally), on tibiae (proximally, at half length, and subdistally), and metatarsi (proximally). Tibia 1 in two newly collected females: 3.8, 4.2. Epigynum with distinctive rounded process (Figs 914–915, 920–921), with dark transversal band separating anterior hairless area from hairy rest of epigynal plate. Internal genitalia (newly collected female; Figs 911, 922–923), with pair of oval pore plates, simple evenly rounded anterior ‘valve’. Distribution Known from El Limón area only, in Venezuela, La Guaira (Fig. 1061). Natural history The types were collected from overhanging road cuts composed of grasses, leaf litter and soil, in a secondary forest with coffee and banana plants (González-Sponga 1999). The newly collected specimens were found in small holes and cavities in the ground in a well preserved humid forest fragment.Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Villarreal, Osvaldo, 2020, On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae), pp. 1-317 in European Journal of Taxonomy 718 on pages 258-259, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101, http://zenodo.org/record/406957
Priscula piedraensis Gonzalez-Sponga 1999
No full textPriscula piedraensis González-Sponga, 1999 Figs 800–801, 814–817, 823–825, 1060 Priscula piedraensis González-Sponga, 1999: 145, figs 38–46 (♂ ♀). Notes The exact type locality is unclear. According to the collection card, it is between Santo Domingo and Las Piedras (i.e., approximately 8.88° N, 70.66° W); according to the original description it is in the surroundings of Las Piedras (i.e., approximately 8.89° N, 70.64° W). Each of our two new collecting sites below is close to one of the two possible original collecting sites. The male palp of the male holotype is very similar to that of P. andinensis González-Sponga, 1999, but the procursus is ventrally weakly curved rather than equipped with a strong protrusion (arrows in Figs 805 and 815). Some males herein assigned to P. andinensis (e.g., from Mesa Bolívar, SE Pregonero, etc.) are somewhat intermediate, though closer to the types of P. andinensis. It is thus unclear if the single male specimen known of P. piedraensis is just a morphologically unusual specimen of P. andinensis or if it represents a separate species indeed. Females of the two species appear indistinguishable, both externally and internally (Figs 816–817; the epigynum of the female paratype of P. piedraensis was not cleared; Figs 823–825 are from a newly collected specimen). The female specimens listed below are assigned to this species (rather than to P. andinensis) only because of the geographic proximity to the type locality. Tibia 1 in four newly collected females: 6.6, 6.7, 6.9, 7.2. Types VENEZUELA – Mérida • ♂ holotype, 1 ♀ paratype, 1 juv., MIZA 105603 (MAGS 1067), between Santo Domingo and Las Piedras [approximately 8.88° N, 70.66° W; see Notes above], 21 Jun. 1987 (A. R. Delgado, M.A. González S.); examined. New records VENEZUELA – Mérida • 2 ♀♀, ZFMK (22096), and 1 ♀, 1 juv. in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven20-107), Las Piedras, ‘site 2’ (8.9002° N, 70.6279° W), 1700 m a.s.l., at rocks near river, 7 Feb. 2020 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M., Q. Arias C.) • 1 ♀, 1 juv., ZFMK (22097) (one leg transferred into pure ethanol, Ven18-234), between Santo Domingo and Las Piedras (8.8765° N, 70.6553° W), 1760 m a.s.l., 27 Nov. 2018 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M.). Distribution Known from near Las Piedras only, in Venezuela, Mérida (Fig. 1060). Natural history The types were collected from cavities formed by erosion in road cuts (González-Sponga 1999). The newly collected specimens were found in small cavities on an exposed, vertical rock wall at the riverside.Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Villarreal, Osvaldo, 2020, On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae), pp. 1-317 in European Journal of Taxonomy 718 on page 233, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101, http://zenodo.org/record/406957
Priscula chejapi Gonzalez-Sponga 1999
No full textPriscula chejapi González-Sponga, 1999 Figs 967–971, 1062 Priscula chejapi González-Sponga, 1999: 132, figs 10–19 (♂ ♀). Misidentification Priscula chejapi – Huber 2000: 139, figs 533–535 (♂). Notes We reexamined the type material: ♂ holotype, 1 ♀ paratype, MIZA 105653 (MAGS 1362), “Central Hidroelectrica General José Antonio Paez” [approximately 8.883° N, 70.635° W], 10 Jul. 1992 (A.R. Delgado de G., M. García, M.A. González S.). The palp of the holotype is shown in Figs 967–968; the procursus differs clearly from the figures in Huber (2000: figs 533–534), which are thus based on a misidentified specimen (of a formally undescribed species). The palp of the holotype appears identical to that of P. venezuelana Simon, 1893. The two species are not synonymized here because the epigynum of the paratype of P. chejapi (Figs 970–971) appears slightly rounder (less triangular) in ventral view and is not flanked by a pair of dark anterior sclerites like that of P. venezuelana. Distribution Known from type locality only, in Venezuela, Mérida (Fig. 1062).Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Villarreal, Osvaldo, 2020, On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae), pp. 1-317 in European Journal of Taxonomy 718 on page 270, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101, http://zenodo.org/record/406957
Carapoia paraguaensis Gonzalez-Sponga 1998
No full textCarapoia paraguaensis González-Sponga, 1998 Figs 102–105, 1030, 1036 Carapoia paraguaensis González-Sponga, 1998: 19, figs 1–10 (♂ ♀). Carapoia paraguaensis – Huber 2000: 240, figs 947–954; 2005b: 555, figs 67–72, 89–90, 96; 2018: fig. 741. — Carvalho et al. 2017: 13. Type material VENEZUELA – Bolívar • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 juvs types (see Notes below), MIZA 105736 (MAGS 1178), “ río Carapo, en la base del tepui Guaiquinima ” [5.728° N, 63.534° W], 480 m a.s.l., 17 Feb. 1990 (L. Sanabria, M.A. González S.); examined. New records VENEZUELA – Bolívar • 4 ♂♂, ZFMK (Ar 21840), and 2 ♂♂ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven18-171), La Neverita (8.0970° N, 62.6727° W), 225 m a.s.l., 13 Nov. 2018 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M.) • 1 ♀, CAS (separated from 9027301), Río Caura, Campamento Cecilia Magdalena [approximately 6.3° N, 64.5° W, 250 m a.s.l.], 12 Apr. 1957 (collector not given). – Delta Amacuro • 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv., ZFMK (Ar 21839), and 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven18-166), between El Triunfo and Piacoa (8.5285° N, 62.2958° W), 75 m a.s.l., 12 Nov. 2018 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M.). Notes Contrary to the original description, the holotype is not physically separated from the paratypes; the specimens above are thus treated as ‘types’. The two males in the type vial appear indistinguishable, so there is currently no need to designate a lectotype. However, in addition to the two females of C. paraguaensis, the vial contains three females of Mesabolivar spinosus (González-Sponga, 2005). The original drawings of the female were made from correctly identified specimens. Distribution Widespread in the Guyana Highlands of eastern Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil (Fig. 1036; see also Huber 2018: fig. 741). The two 2018 records above mark the most northern localities of this species known so far. The species has not been documented from north of the Orinoco River. Natural history This species was found in strongly curved, sometimes almost globular webs, close to the ground but exposed rather than hidden in protected spaces.Published as part of Huber, Bernhard A. & Villarreal, Osvaldo, 2020, On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae), pp. 1-317 in European Journal of Taxonomy 718 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101, http://zenodo.org/record/406957
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