100,316 research outputs found
Philosophie à la carte
No full textSpitzley T, Stoecker R, eds. Philosophie à la carte. Map - Mentis-Anthologien Philosophie. Paderborn: Mentis; 2002
First Person Authority
No full textGrundmann T, Spitzley T, Stoecker R, eds. First Person Authority. Erkenntnis, 71,1. Berlin u.a.: Springer; 2009
Parmenides' Lehrgedicht
No full textBeckermann A. Parmenides' Lehrgedicht. In: Spitzley T, Stoecker R, eds. Philosophie à la carte. Paderborn: mentis; 2002: 183-186
Counterfactuals and two kinds of ought
No full textI discuss Caspar Hare’s solution to a new variant of Parfit’s Non-Identity Problem. Hare’s solution rests on distinguishing two kinds of ought: The Ought of Omniscient Desire: what you oughtOD to do is what an omniscient, rational creature with appropriate interests would want you to do. The Ought of Most Reason: what you oughtMR to do is what there is most reason to do. I argue that the distinction does not dissolve the problem. Moreover, I show that Hare’s proposal to spell out his distinction in terms of an embedded counterfactual (if you had not done what you did, then, if you had done what you did, what would the consequence have been?) is flawed
Modals vs. Morals : Supervenience and Conceptual Relativity
No full textIn order to critically scrutinize the well-known modal argument Simon Blackburn forwards against moral realism, I propose to distinguish weak and strong conceptual relativism: In contrast to the former, the latter takes into account all natural facts. Given the former, I want to show how moral realism can solve Blackburn’s problem while projectivism as endorsed by Blackburn cannot. Given the latter, I firstly attempt a consistent formulation of Blackburn’s challenge. Secondly, I argue that Blackburn’s version of projectivism cannot adequately deal with it. Thirdly, I uncover general difficulties for moral realism resulting from moral relativism.Um Blackburns modales Argument gegen den modalen Realismus zu rekonstruieren, schlage ich eine Unterscheidung zwischen schwachem und starkem begrifflichen Relativismus vor. Im Gegensatz zum ersten bezieht der letztere alle natürlichen Fakten ein. Gegeben den ersteren, möchte ich zeigen, wie der moralische Realismus Blackburns Problem löst, während der Projektivismus, wie ihn Blackburn unterstellt, es nicht löst. Gegeben den letzeren, versuche ich erstens eine konsistente Formulierung von Blackburns Herausforderung. Zweitens argumentiere ich, dass Blackburns Version des Projektivismus nicht angemessen damit umgehen kann. Drittens lege ich allgemeine Schwierigkeiten des moralischen Realismus dar, die aus dem begrifflichen Relativismus resultieren
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
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