1,721,065 research outputs found
L'aménagement du territoire néerlandais : Vue d'ensemble de l'évolution des idées
No full textThe specific formula of Dutch Planning has evoluated during the past decades from a closed comprehensive system toward a more open way of planning. Although the overall effect of the planning is -more often than not -judged positively (and therewith the planning system), its reputation has become somewhat mystified. One could wonder whether the positive results were due tot pu¬ blic efforts in planning or are ohter cimcumstances more important for the present condition of Dutch metropolitan areas ? These questions will be tackled in this article. The core argument leads to the conception that public policy is only one source of influence and that other arrangements or developments are much more important. Also, public policies change with the political agenda on which priorities continuously change. Looking at future developments within the Dutch institutional arrangements the most urging question remains whether or not metropolitan areas will be adequately positioned to tackle the specific ussues in each different areas. Not only to solve existing porblems, this institutional condi¬ tion will prove important, but especially when it come to creating innovation and creating new ideas for metropolitan development.Le système de planification néerlandais s'est développé en un système de planification ouvert.
Outre les efforts de planification publics, il y a d'autres circonstances qui ont influencé les développements spatiaux néerlandais. Cette constatation ressort également de l'adaptation continuelle du calendrier de la politique de l'aménagement du territoire aux Pays-Bas, telle qu'elle se présente lors de la brève discussion du contenu des rapports nationaux relatifs à la politique du logement. En ce qui concerne les régions métropolitaines, une organisation politique dynamique semble importante, afin d'y résoudre les problèmes actuels et de réaliser de nouveaux développements. Ces objectifs nécessitent une rénovation administrative considérable.Jansen Leonie, Kreukels Ton, Spit Tejo. L'aménagement du territoire néerlandais : Vue d'ensemble de l'évolution des idées. In: Hommes et Terres du Nord, 1997/2. Pays-Bas : dynamique des villes et des campagnes. pp. 67-73
The governance dilemma in the Flanders coastal region between integrated water managers and spatial planners
No full textA society that intensifies and expands the use of land and water in urban areas needs to search for solutions to manage the frontiers between these two essential elements for urban living. Sustainable governance of land and water is one of the major challenges of our times. Managing retention areas for floods and droughts, designing resilient urban waterfronts, implementing floating homes, or managing wastewater in shrinking cities are just a few examples where spatial planning steps into the governance arena of water management and vice versa. However, water management and spatial planning pursue different modes of governance, and therefore the frontiers between the two disciplines require developing approaches for setting up governance schemes for sustainable cities of the future. What are the particularities of the governance of land and water? What is the role of regional and local spatial planning? What institutional barriers may arise? This book focuses on questions such as these, and covers groundwater governance, water supply and wastewater treatment, urban riverscapes, urban flooding, flood risk management, and concepts of resilience
Planning Strategies in an Age of Active Citizenship: A Post-structuralist Agenda for Self-organization in Spatial Planning
Full text linkCivic initiatives in spatial development are on the rise. Whereas for a long time they were just a fringe movement, sometimes even a stand in the way of planned urban development, civic initiatives today are increasingly seen as valuable strategies for urban development. So far, however, when dealing with citizens, spatial planning has mostly focused on strategies for citizen involvement through participatory planning. In participatory planning, citizens can exert influence on goals set by governmental agencies, through procedures and frameworks that are set by the same governments and planners. This often results in disciplinary processes of thematic, procedural, and geographical inclusion that leave little room for creativity and the unexpected. Civic initiatives, on the contrary, are issue-oriented projects serving a specific but dynamic community interest, which does not have to be related to any ongoing public policy. They emerge from civil society spontaneously, are often unpredictable, dynamic, and multiplicit. Civic initiatives are at odds and hard to fit within the constraints of participatory planning. Together with an ongoing diversification in society, decentralization, dispersion of power, and increasing resource interdependency (e.g. land, property, knowledge, competences, capital, authority), the emerging practice of civic initiatives in spatial development, pose serious challenges to contemporary spatial planners. Planning strategies that answer to the dynamics of civic initiatives, meeting the complexity of an age of active citizenship, have so far been seriously underdeveloped. Reasoning from the perspective of emerging civic initiatives themselves, the thesis addresses three research questions: (i) Under what conditions do civic initiatives emerge? (ii) How do such initiatives gain robustness and resilience? (iii) What planning strategies are developed in, and in response to, these initiatives? Answers to these questions are used to explore potential and adequate strategies in dealing with civic initiatives – beyond the inclusionary and disciplinary confines of participatory planning approaches. To operationalize this civic initiative’s perspective the notion of “self-organization” is used. Coming from complexity theory, self-organization stands for a process of becoming in which order spontaneous emergences out of unordered beginnings. This notion is complemented by two other notions, coming from post-structuralist thoughts. These are “translation” from actor-network theory and “individuation” from assemblage theory. Just like self-organization, these notions address processes of becoming in a complex and non-linear environment. Together they from a theoretical framework with which the becoming of individual civic initiatives can be mapped. By applying this theoretical framework in multiple case study research, empirical insights are gathered in three different institutional contexts. Cases cover Denmark (co-housing initiatives), England (business improvement districts) and the Netherlands (civic initiatives in Almere). Based on the theoretical and empirical insights developed in this research, the doctoral thesis argues toward a planning strategy that does fit the age of active citizenship
A co-evolving frontier between land and water : dilemmas of flexibility versus robustness in flood risk management
No full textFloods cause enormous damage on land and thus question the boundary between land and water in an extreme way. As floods increase in frequency and intensity, flood risk management must change from a resistance-based approach to a resilience approach. Whereas land uses require robust boundaries between land and water, the changing water system demands more flexible boundaries. This contribution discusses this tension from a theoretical perspective of resilience and co-evolution, using a socio-ecological systems approach. This offers a new perspective on the co-evolving frontier between land and water
Tussenstand van een institutionele, gedragswetenschappelijke en actorgerichte agenda
No full textTegen de toen heersende opvatting in beweerde Ton Kreukels eind jaren zeventig al dat planning geen exclusieve overheidstaak of -bevoegdheid is. Vijfentwintig jaar later, bij Tons afscheid als hoogleraar, heeft dit idee steeds meer terrein gewonnen.
In dit boek houdt een aantal prominente plannende wetenschaps- en praktijkmensen dat gedachtegoed scherp tegen het historisch én actuele daglicht. Dit boek is daarmee niet alleen een must voor diegenen die een goed overzicht van de actuele perikelen van planning willen krijgen, maar vooral ook voor die studenten, jonge planologen en mensen van de praktijk op zoek naar houvast voor komende planningtijden.
Dit liber amicorum voor Ton Kreukels, voormalig hoogleraar planologie aan de Universiteit van Utrecht, bevat bijdragen van Wies Sanders, Luuk Boelens, Tejo Spit, Len de Klerk, Willem Salet, Bart de Jong, Leeke Reinders en Bart Wissink
The Undying Belief in Interactive Governance: Academic aspirations and practical reality of stakeholder involvement
Full text linkWithin literature, normative assumptions are often made about the benefits of using interactive governance. One of which is stakeholder support for the implementation of policy, which is the primary sought after benefits in spatial planning. This dissertation adopts a more critical perspective to counteract the overly optimistic view often found in literature. The aim is to provide more balance and nuance to the use of interactive governance by moving past assumptions through the addition of new (quantitative) empirical evidence. However, providing more nuance to the use of interactive governance is not only done through quantitative empirical evidence, but also through qualitative explanations broadening our understanding of the concept. Providing a more nuanced view on interactive governance is done by answering three questions, namely how, if and why interactive governance results in stakeholder support for policy implementation. The how component is focused on how government-induced interactive governance (type) results in stakeholder support (purpose) within spatial planning (context) through the criteria equality, influence, reasonable debate and transparency. The if component is focused on providing empirical evidence for the assumption that interactive governance results in stakeholder support. The last component is focused on why interactive governance results in stakeholder support, namely why procedural or content satisfaction is decisive for stakeholder support and why the four criteria are important for reaching stakeholder support. Ultimately, all these components are aimed to get a better understanding to answer the following question: Is interactive governance the holy grail for creating stakeholder support in spatial planning or is it nothing more than a glorified concept
Strategic land banking in the Netherlands : Experiencing Dutch dilemmas
No full textWithin a public perspective on land policies, land banking of regional authorities is a very special instrument, as it links spatial policymaking directly to its implementation. Therewith, it is greatly increasing the effectiveness of spatial policymaking. Yet, its effectiveness also depends upon its specific context. It will be made clear that the potential of land banking for the implementation of regional spatial policies is enormous, especially in the Netherlands, for it adds a powerful instrument, rooted in private law, to the regional spatial planning toolkit. Traditionally, the Dutch provinces played an important role in regional spatial developments, using instruments based on public law. Nowadays, however, they are also getting more and more involved as an active (private) player on regional land markets as well. Analytically, these two roles create many controversies as public and private interests of provinces tend to mix. This results in controversies in terms of effectiveness (including efficiency) and legitimacy. Both theoretically as well as empirically, the controversies can be reduced into three tension areas, concerning (1) rationales for regional land policies, (2) conflicts of interests with municipalities, and (3) inflation of land prices
Uncovering Land Value Capture: Stakeholders’ relationships and perceptions within China’s rural land marketization reform
No full textSince land marketization reform triggers a significant change in land value, Land Value Capture among directly involved stakeholders - local governments, land sellers (rural collectives and rural households), and land buyers - attracts widespread attention. Understanding stakeholders’ Land Value Capture in land marketization reform is crucial towards land institutional arrangements, local governments’ revenue, rural revitalization, rural households’ livelihoods and just development, and land buyers’ profits. However, stakeholders relations and perceptions of Land Value Capture in land marketization reform have been extensively debated in the existing body of literature. This thesis attempts to address the main research question: how do the directly involved stakeholders interact and perceive Land Value Capture changes caused by land marketization reform in terms of institutional setting, stakeholder characteristics, time, and space? After comparing the public and private dominant regimes worldwide, our empirical evidence is taken from the latest institutional rural land marketization reform in China. Under the overarching institutional approach, we used different methodological frameworks such as power, interest, justice, and cost for this analysis. The findings indicate that: 1) stakeholders face dilemmas of Land Value Capture in land marketization reform. 2) Local governments hold positive perceptions of Land Value Capture despite their economic loses, because the social and political considerations are more dominant than the economic ones in their interest-balancing acts. 3) Rural collectives are optimistic about their future trends and actively construct the rural land stock cooperation system for Land Value Capture since they focus on long-term interest rather than short-term interest. 4) Rural households are satisfied with land marketization reform concerning procedural justice and the land value distribution over different stakeholders, yet they are critical about their absolute gains and the comparison between rural and urban land values. 5) Despite the low historical costs, the higher future costs significantly impede land buyers to invest in rural land. These shed new light on ongoing debates concerning local governments’ interest-balancing acts, the future trend of collectives, the livelihoods and impoverishments of rural households, and the dilemmas of land buyers in land investments
Strategic land banking in the Netherlands : Experiencing Dutch dilemmas
No full textWithin a public perspective on land policies, land banking of regional authorities is a very special instrument, as it links spatial policymaking directly to its implementation. Therewith, it is greatly increasing the effectiveness of spatial policymaking. Yet, its effectiveness also depends upon its specific context. It will be made clear that the potential of land banking for the implementation of regional spatial policies is enormous, especially in the Netherlands, for it adds a powerful instrument, rooted in private law, to the regional spatial planning toolkit. Traditionally, the Dutch provinces played an important role in regional spatial developments, using instruments based on public law. Nowadays, however, they are also getting more and more involved as an active (private) player on regional land markets as well. Analytically, these two roles create many controversies as public and private interests of provinces tend to mix. This results in controversies in terms of effectiveness (including efficiency) and legitimacy. Both theoretically as well as empirically, the controversies can be reduced into three tension areas, concerning (1) rationales for regional land policies, (2) conflicts of interests with municipalities, and (3) inflation of land prices
Planning Strategies in an Age of Active Citizenship: A Post-structuralist Agenda for Self-organization in Spatial Planning
No full textCivic initiatives in spatial development are on the rise. Whereas for a long time they were just a fringe movement, sometimes even a stand in the way of planned urban development, civic initiatives today are increasingly seen as valuable strategies for urban development. So far, however, when dealing with citizens, spatial planning has mostly focused on strategies for citizen involvement through participatory planning. In participatory planning, citizens can exert influence on goals set by governmental agencies, through procedures and frameworks that are set by the same governments and planners. This often results in disciplinary processes of thematic, procedural, and geographical inclusion that leave little room for creativity and the unexpected. Civic initiatives, on the contrary, are issue-oriented projects serving a specific but dynamic community interest, which does not have to be related to any ongoing public policy. They emerge from civil society spontaneously, are often unpredictable, dynamic, and multiplicit. Civic initiatives are at odds and hard to fit within the constraints of participatory planning. Together with an ongoing diversification in society, decentralization, dispersion of power, and increasing resource interdependency (e.g. land, property, knowledge, competences, capital, authority), the emerging practice of civic initiatives in spatial development, pose serious challenges to contemporary spatial planners. Planning strategies that answer to the dynamics of civic initiatives, meeting the complexity of an age of active citizenship, have so far been seriously underdeveloped. Reasoning from the perspective of emerging civic initiatives themselves, the thesis addresses three research questions: (i) Under what conditions do civic initiatives emerge? (ii) How do such initiatives gain robustness and resilience? (iii) What planning strategies are developed in, and in response to, these initiatives? Answers to these questions are used to explore potential and adequate strategies in dealing with civic initiatives – beyond the inclusionary and disciplinary confines of participatory planning approaches. To operationalize this civic initiative’s perspective the notion of “self-organization” is used. Coming from complexity theory, self-organization stands for a process of becoming in which order spontaneous emergences out of unordered beginnings. This notion is complemented by two other notions, coming from post-structuralist thoughts. These are “translation” from actor-network theory and “individuation” from assemblage theory. Just like self-organization, these notions address processes of becoming in a complex and non-linear environment. Together they from a theoretical framework with which the becoming of individual civic initiatives can be mapped. By applying this theoretical framework in multiple case study research, empirical insights are gathered in three different institutional contexts. Cases cover Denmark (co-housing initiatives), England (business improvement districts) and the Netherlands (civic initiatives in Almere). Based on the theoretical and empirical insights developed in this research, the doctoral thesis argues toward a planning strategy that does fit the age of active citizenship
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