115,916 research outputs found
Brachypogon (Brachypogon) bifidus Spinelli and Grogan
No full textBrachypogon (Brachypogon) bifidus Spinelli and Grogan Brachypogon (Brachypogon) bifidus Spinelli and Grogan, 1998: 66 (Dominica); Borkent and Spinelli 2000: 45 (in New World catalog south of the USA; distribution); Borkent and Spinelli 2007: 78 (in Neotropical catalog; distribution). Discussion. This small Neotropical predaceous midge was described by Spinelli and Grogan (1998) from Dominica (type locality) and El Salvador. It is unique among other species in the Brachypogon (B.) impar complex in having a wing with a darkly infuscated membrane and a dark spot distad of the r-m crossvein and a pale spot beyond the dark spot, males are the only species with parameres having a bifid apex, and the antennal flagellum of females with 12 flagellomeres due to a fusion of 12-13. We provide the first records from Guadeloupe. New records. Guadeloupe, Basse Terre, Corrosol, 8-IX-2010, MC Thomas & RH Turnbow, Blacklight trap, 1 male; same data except NE Pigeon (16.14404° N, 61.74977° W), 17-V-2012, R. H. Turnbow, BL trap, 1 male; same data except 23-V-2012, 1 male; same data except Trace des Cretes (D-14), 22-V-2012, 3 males, 1 female. New Guadeloupe record .Published as part of William L. Grogan, Jr., Spinelli, Ronderos, María M. & Carla, 2013, The biting and predaceous midges of Guadeloupe Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). I. Species of the subfamily Ceratopogoninae, pp. 1-21 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (324) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.517831
Palpomyia insularis Spinelli and Grogan
No full textPalpomyia insularis Spinelli and Grogan Palpomyia insularis Spinelli and Grogan, 1989: 3 (Puerto Rico); Borkent and Spinelli 2000: 63 (in New World catalog south of the USA; distribution); Borkent and Spinelli 2007: 96 (in Neotropical catalog; distribution). Discussion. As noted by Spinelli and Grogan (1989), this Neotropical predaceous midge is a member of the Palpomyia distincta group as defined by Grogan and Wirth (1975, 1979). It was originally known from Dominica, Jamaica and Puerto Rico (type locality); we provide the first records of this predaceous midge from Guadeloupe. New records. Guadeloupe, Basse Terre, Bois Malher, 9-IX-2010, MC Thomas & RH Turnbow, Blacklight trap, 2 males, 1 female; same data except Corrosol, 8-IX-2010, 1 male; same data except Trace des Cretes (D-14), 22-V-2012, R. H. Turnbow, BL trap, 1 male, 2 females. New Guadeloupe record .Published as part of William L. Grogan, Jr., Spinelli, Ronderos, María M. & Carla, 2013, The biting and predaceous midges of Guadeloupe Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). I. Species of the subfamily Ceratopogoninae, pp. 1-21 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (324) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.517831
Lapide a Francesco Spinelli a Bitonto (1932)
No full textScheda relativa alla lapide a Francesco Spinelli posta a Bitonto nel 1932 ed eseguita dalla locale Scuola di Disegn
Brachypogon (Brachypogon) woodruffi Spinelli and Grogan
No full textBrachypogon (Brachypogon) woodruffi Spinelli and Grogan Brachypogon (Brachypogon) woodruffi Spinelli and Grogan, 1998: 72 (Dominican Republic); Huerta and Borkent 2005: 118 (Mexico records); Borkent and Spinelli 2000: 46 (in New World catalog south of the USA; distribution); Borkent and Spinelli 2007: 79 (in Neotropical catalog; distribution); Spinelli and Marino 2008: 124 (record from Peru); Swanson and Grogan 2011: 536 (records from Cayman Islands and Florida). Discussion. Spinelli and Grogan (1998) described this very small predaceous midge from the Dominican Republic, and soon after, Huerta and Borkent (2005) recorded it from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, and Spinelli and Marino (2008) reported it from Peru. Grogan et al. (2010) listed additional specimens from Florida and the Cayman Islands in the FSCA. Swanson and Grogan (2011) described and illustrated additional details of the male genitalia and listed new records from the USA in Florida and the Cayman Islands, described and illustrated a similar related new species from Alabama and Florida (B. laneae), as well as another related species from Florida that they did not name (sp. 9B). Our identification of a single female from Guadeloupe as this species is somewhat tentative despite that it has an antennal flagellum with only 12 flagellomeres due to fusion of primitive 12-13 and very small flagellomeres 4-7, both of which are characteristics of females of B. woodruffi. However, it lacks the partial fusion of flagellomeres 3-4 which is another character of females of B. woodruffi. Spinelli and Grogan (1998) also noted that in this species the wings of females only have 6-7 marginal costal setae, whereas males only have 3 marginal costal setae that are located over their coalesced radial cells (stigma). WLG examined 20 females (including the allotype) and 10 males (including the holotype) of B. woodruffi from the Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic and Florida and recorded 3-4 costal setae in males and 5- 9 costal setae in females. He also examined 5 males and 19 females of B. laneae Swanson and Grogan from Florida as well as the male and female of their unnamed species 9B from that state and recorded 3 costal setae for males of both species and 5-10 costal setae in females of B. laneae and 5-6 setae in the female of sp. 9D. Our Guadeloupe female has 11-12 costal setae, a greater number than previously recorded for females of this species and the very similar, related B. ecuadorensis Spinelli and Grogan that is known from Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador (type locality), Jamaica and Panama, the females of which have 5-9 costal setae. In addition, females of B. ecuadorensis also have an antennal flagellum with 12 flagellomeres (12-13 fused), however, flagellomeres 3-4 are not partially fused and flagellomeres 2-9 are all similar in size, the wing lacks vein M 2 and has a slightly shorter costa (Costal Ratio 0.41-46 vs. 0.44- 46 in B. woodruffi). Finally, males of B. ecuadorensis have an aedeagus with median longitudinal wrinkles, a feature not present in males of other species in the B. woodruffi complex, and their wing also lacks vein M 2. We provide the first records of B. woodruffi from Guadeloupe. New records. Guadeloupe, Basse Terre, Pigeon, 9-IX-2010, MC Thomas & RH Turnbow, Blacklight trap, 1 male; same data except La Trace du Petit-Malendure, 21-V-2012, R. H. Turnbow, BL trap, 1 female. New Guadeloupe record .Published as part of William L. Grogan, Jr., Spinelli, Ronderos, María M. & Carla, 2013, The biting and predaceous midges of Guadeloupe Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). I. Species of the subfamily Ceratopogoninae, pp. 1-21 in Insecta Mundi 2013 (324) on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.517831
Tabla genealógica de la familia Spinelli, marqueses de Zirá. [Manuscrito]
No full textEmpieza en Juan Vicencio Spinelli, I marqués de Zirá.
Termina en su III nieto Carlos Spinelli y Spinelli, V príncipe de Tarsia, VI marqués de Zirá.Pertenece a la Colección Salazar y Castro de la RA
Tabla genealógica de la familia Spinelli, marqueses de Zirá. [Manuscrito]
No full textEmpieza en Juan Vicencio Spinelli, I marqués de Zirá.
Termina en su III nieto Carlos Spinelli y Spinelli, V príncipe de Tarsia, VI marqués de Zirá.Pertenece a la Colección Salazar y Castro de la RA
Localized expression of Strim1, a novel member of the TRIM-containing family, guides the skeletal morphogenetic program of the sea urchin embryo
No full textThe building of the skeleton in the indirect
developing sea urchin embryo is a complex
morphogenetic process that is executed by the
Primary Mesenchyme Cells or PMCs (Ettensohn et
al, 1997; Wilt 2002). It is well known that the
PMCs acquire most of the positional and temporal
information from the overlying ectoderm for
skeletal initiation and growth (Armstrong 1993;
Cavalieri et al, 2003; Röttinger et al, 2008). In this
study, we analyze the function of a novel gene,
encoding for a tripartite motif-containing (TRIM)
protein denoted strim1, that adds up to the list of
genes constituting the epithelial-mesenchymal
signaling network.
We show that strim1 is expressed in ectoderm
regions adjacent to the bilateral clusters of PMCs.
Strim1 misexpression causes the number of PMCs
to double and leads to skeletal abnormalities. By
micromere transplantations, we establish that
skeletal defects depend upon strim1 misexpression
in ectoderm cells. Reciprocally, knock-down of
strim1 function abrogates PMC migration and
blocks skeletogenesis. Identical phenotype is
shown by chimeras in which strim1 function is
blocked selectively in the ectoderm. We also show
that clonal expression of strim1 into ectoderm cells
from knocked-down embryos restores the correct
skeletogenic program. Finally, we report that
strim1 triggers the expression of the ectodermspecific
gene pax2/5/8, and the PMC marker sm30
(an ectoderm signaling dependent gene).
We conclude that strim1 function is able to elicit
specific gene expression both in ectoderm cells and
PMCs to guide the biomineralization during
morphogenesis.
References
Armstrong, N, Hardin, J and McClay, DR (1993). Cell-cell
interactions regulate skeleton formation in the sea urchin embryo.
Development 119, 833-40.
Cavalieri, V, Spinelli, G and Di Bernardo, M (2003). Impairing Otp
homeodomain function in oral ectoderm cells affects skeletogenesis
in sea urchin embryos. Dev Biol 262, 107-18.
Ettensohn, CA, Guss, KA, Hodor, PG, and Malinda, KM (1997).
The morphogenesis of the skeletal system of the sea urchin embryo,
in: Collier JR (Ed.), Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, vol. VII:
Progress in Developmental Biology, Oxford & IBH publishing Co.
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, Calcutta. 225-265.
Röttinger, E, Saudemont, A, Duboc, V, Besnardeau, L, McClay, D
and Lepage, T (2008). FGF signals guide migration of mesenchymal
cells, control skeletal morphogenesis and regulate gastrulation
during sea urchin development. Development 135, 353-65.
Wilt, FH (2002). Biomineralization of the spicules of sea urchin
embryos. Zoolog Sci 19, 253-61
Culicoides guarani Ronderos & Spinelli
No full text<i>Culicoides guarani</i> Ronderos & Spinelli <p>(Figs. 1–21)</p> <p> <i>Culicoides guarani</i> Ronderos & Spinelli, 1994: 48 (female; Argentina); Borkent & Wirth, 1997: 69 (in World catalogue); Spinelli, 1998: 325 (in list, Argentina); Borkent & Spinelli, 2000: 39 (in catalogue south of USA); Spinelli <i>et al.</i>, 2005: 140, 145 (in key; wing photo); Borkent & Spinelli, 2007: 72 (in Neotropical catalogue); Borkent, 2015: 86 (in online World catalogue).</p> <p>Male adult (Figs. 1–4, 15–16). Head (Figs. 1–2) dark brown. Eyes bare, forming a V-shaped where they contact. Antennae with flagellomeres pale brown, 2–10 fused (Fig. 2); sensilla coeloconica in flagellomeres 1, 11–13. Third palpal segment stout, with deep, rounded subapical sensory pit (Figs. 1–2). Thorax dark brown, scutum without definite pattern, only slightly paler areas laterally. Legs dark brown, knees blackish, fore and midfemora with subapical, tibiae with subbasal narrow pale rings; hind tibial comb with 4 spines, second from spur longest. Wing length 1.00 (0.98–1.02, n = 2) mm, width 0.41 (0.40–0.42, n = 2) mm; pattern as in Fig. 3; CR 0.54 (n = 2); macrotrichia sparse on distal half of wing, none in mcu1 and anal cell; halter brown. Genitalia (Fig. 4): tergite 9 long, tapering, with short, pointed apicolateral processes, distal margin truncate, pair of evident, pilose, median cerci; sternite 9 with narrow, V-shaped, posteromedial excavation. Gonocoxite stout, twice longer than greatest breadth, ventral root foot-shaped, posterior heel evident, dorsal root slender; gonostylus as long as gonocoxite, slender, slightly curved to pointed tip. Parameres (Fig. 15) separate, subparallel, each stout, with strongly sclerotized basal knob; stem curved near base, midportion of stem slightly swollen, nearly straight, distal portion slender, bent ventromesad, taperering to fine point with lateral fringe of stout spines, the portion at the base of the fringe slightly expanded. Aedeagus (Fig. 16) Y-shaped; basal arch pointed caudad, extending to 0.75 of total length; basal arms slender, strongly sclerotized, nearly straight; posteromedial projection lightly sclerotized tapered to slender, broad tip, with pair of conspicuous lateral processes.</p> <p>Male pupa (Figs. 5–6, 8–13). Exuviae general coloration pale brown. Flagellum against lateral margin of face (Fig. 5). Total length 2.20–2.40 (2.31, n=3) mm. Length of cephalothorax 1.00–1.15 (1.07, n= 3) mm, width 0.62 –0.70 (0.65, n= 3) mm. Dorsal apotome (Fig. 6) without ventral line of weakness, dorsomedial tubercle and central dome; slightly wider than long, distal margin truncate, smooth, except for few small wrinkles; disc surface covered by stout rounded spinules; raised areas present; tubercles of dorsal apotome sensilla well-developed, bearing 2 dorsal apotome sensilla as follows: DA-1-H, long, stout seta, DA-2-H campaniform sensillum at tubercle base; DAL 0.13–17 (0.12, n=3) mm; DAW 0.12–0.17 (0.14, n=3) mm; DAW/DAL 0.86–1.26 (0.95, n=3). Cephalothorax rectangular (Fig. 5), surface covered with stout rounded spinules, antenna extending posteriorly to various points along anterior margin of wing; mouthparts (Figs. 11, 17) with mandible, lacinia well developed; palpus extending equal to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum; apex of labrum rounded. Cephalothoracic sensilla (Figs. 8–11, 17, 19) as follows: one anteriomedial AM-1-T (Fig. 9) minute seta on small tubercle, 2 dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla (Fig.10): DL-1-H long, thin seta, DL-2-H short, stout seta on rounded strong tubercle; 3 anterolaterals (Fig. 8): AL-1-T short, thin seta, Al-2-T long, thin seta, AL-3-T short, stout seta, all sensilla on prominent tubercle; clypeal labrals (Figs: 11, 17): CL-1-H campaniform sensillum, CL-2- H medium-sized, thin seta; oculars (Figs. 11,17): O-1-H, O-3-H long, thin setae, O-2-H campaniform sensillum Respiratory organ (Figs. 5, 8–9) elongated, slender, uniformly brown, medium-sized, circular in cross-section, wider at base, covered with scale-like spinules; 6–7 apical pores, 2–3 lateral; pedicel (Fig. 9) short, stout, P length 0.02–0.03 (0.025, n=3) mm, RO length 0.195–0.20 (0.197, n=3) mm, RO wide 0.025–0.03 (0.027, n=3) mm; P/RO 0.10–0.15 (0.126, n=3); 5 dorsal setae (Fig. 18): D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T long, stout setae, D-2-T longer than D-1-T and D-4-T; D-3-T campaniform sensillun, D-5-T minute seta, all setae on rounded tubercles, SA-2-T present. Metathoracics (Fig. 19): M-2-T long, thin seta, M-3-T campaniform sensillum, M-3-T near anterior margin. Abdominal segments with smooth integument, with scarse, scattered spicules on anterior and posterior portions; each segment without pigmentation pattern. First abdominal segment (Figs. 5, 20) with setae as follows: 3 anteromesal setae, D- 2-I short, stout seta, D- 3-I long, thin seta, D- 7-I campaniform sensillum; 3 posterior setae, D- 4-I medium-sized, thin seta, D- 8-I short, thin seta, D- 9-I minute seta; 3 lateral setae: L- 1-I long, thin seta, L- 2-I, L- 3-I campaniform sensilla. Fourth segment (Figs. 5, 21) with dorsal and ventral tubercles with small base: D- 1-IV minute seta, D- 2-IV, D- 3-IV medium-sized, thin setae, D- 3-IV longer and thinner than D- 2-IV; D- 4-IV, D- 7-IV without setae, D- 5-IV, D- 8-IV minute setae, D- 9-IV short, curved seta; V- 1-IV, V- 2-IV campaniform sensilla, V- 5- IV short seta, V- 6-IV long, thin seta, V- 7-IV minute seta, all on notorious pointed lateral tubercles with wide base: L- 1-IV short seta, tubercle smaller than others, L- 4-IV short, stout seta, L- 2-IV, L- 3-IV medium-sized, stout setae. Segment 9 (Figs. 5, 13) approximately 1.14 X longer than greatest width, length 0.20–0.205 (0.202, n= 3) mm, width 0.155–0.185 (0.177, n= 3) mm; posteriorly directed spicules restricted dorsally to mesal area, terminal processes triangular, these moderately elongated, subparallel, pointed; ventral surface of processes spiculate, D- 5- IX, D- 6-IX campaniform sensilla (Fig. 13), genital lobe moderately long, globose, extending under posterior margin.</p> <p>Female pupa (Figs. 7, 14). Similar to male with usual sexual differences. Total length 2.33–2.40 (2.37, n=3) mm. Dorsal apotome (Fig. 7) with DAL 0.14–0.16 (0.15, n=2) mm; DAW 0.125–0.135 (0.13, n=2) mm, DAW/ DAL 0.82–0.90 (0.85, n=2). Respiratory organ: RO length 0.19–0.21 (0.20, n=3) mm, RO width 0.03–0.04 (0.035, n=3) mm; pedicel length 0.025 (n=2) mm, P/RO 0.119–0.125 (0.122, n=2). Cephalothorax length 1.00–1.04 (1.02, n=3) mm, width 0.62– 0.65 (0.64, n=3) mm. Segment 9 (Fig. 14) length 0.20–0.215 (0.207, n=3) mm, width 0.145–0.150 (0.148, n=3) mm; terminal processes (Fig. 14) length 0.065–0.075 (0.072, n=3) mm, width 0.015–0.040 (0.025, n=3) mm.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Argentina (Misiones).</p> <p> <b>Taxonomic discussion.</b> <i>Culicoides guarani</i> is one of the 14 species included in the <i>Culicoides eublepharus</i> group. All these are known only through adults and seven of them, including <i>C</i>. <i>guarani</i>, just from females.</p> <p> The pupa of this new species is similar to <i>C. debilipalpis</i> Lutz, a species placed in the subgenus <i>Haematomyidium</i> that also breeds in tree holes. However, in the latter species the exuviae is pale yellowish brown, the respiratory organ is yellowish except the distal half brown with its pedicel longer, the posteriorly directed spicules of the caudal segment are restricted to a narrow anterior band and not connected to the mesal inverted Vshaped patch of spicules, and the terminal processes are subparallel with pointed and dark tips. Although the general chaetotaxy is similar, the setae are of cephalothorax and abdomen are thinner and shorter than in <i>C. debilipalpis</i>.</p> <p> The male genitalia of this species is similar to the one illustrated by Wirth & Lee (1967) for <i>C</i>. <i>tamboensis</i> Wirth & Lee, a species inhabiting high altitudes of Colombia except for the sternite 9 with V-shaped and deep caudomedian excavation (very shallow in <i>C</i>. <i>tamboensis</i>) and by the posteromedial projection of the aedeagus without lateral processes. Moreover, the latter species is larger (wing length 1.20 mm), the third palpal segment is shorter, the flagellomere 13 lacks sensilla coeloconica and the halter knob is pale at tip.</p> <p> <i>Culicoides propiipennis</i> Macfie from Mexico to Ecuador, Venezuela and northern Brazil also have very similar genitalia, but the sternite 9 exhibits a very shallow caudomedian excavation, the parameres are convergent and the posteromedial projection of the aedeagus is slender and lacks lateral processes.</p> <p> <b>Specimens examined.</b> Argentina, Misiones Prov., Garupá, Barrio Santa Inés, Estancia Santa Inés, 27° 31' 40.9'' S, 55° 51' 59.4'' W, 9-XI-2013, M. Ayala, 2 males, 3 females (with pupal exuviae).</p>Published as part of <i>Ayala, Mahia M., Spinelli, Gustavo R., Funes, Amparo & Ronderos, María M., 2015, Additional notes on biting midges from the subtropical forest of northeastern Argentina (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 79-90 in Zootaxa 3941 (1)</i> on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/288228">http://zenodo.org/record/288228</a>
Parabezzia brasiliensis Spinelli & Grogan
No full textParabezzia brasiliensis Spinelli & Grogan (Figs. 22–42) Parabezzia brasiliensis Spinelli & Grogan, 1987: 34 (female; Brazil); Borkent & Wirth, 1997: 104 (in World catalogue); Borkent & Spinelli, 2000: 51 (in catalogue south of USA); Borkent & Spinelli, 2007: 84 (in Neotropical catalogue); Borkent, 2015: 131 (in online World catalogue). Male adult (Figs. 22 –27, 38– 39). Head (Fig. 22) dark brown. Eyes separated by diameter of 6 ommatidia, without interommatidial spicules. Antenna (Fig. 23) with flagellomeres 1–10 brown, 11–13 slightly darker, plume welldeveloped, flagellomeres 2–8 fused, 1–9 short, 11–13 elongate. Palpus (Fig. 22) brown, with 4 segments; third segment slender, elongate, subequal to apical segment. Thorax (Figs. 24, 25) uniformly dark brown. Scutum with numerous, moderately elongate, erect setae; scutellum with 6 setae, the two mesal the longest. Pleura without setae. Legs (Fig. 25) with femora and tibiae uniformly dark brown, tarsi paler except tarsomeres 5 infuscated; fore, midcoxae with abundant spine-like setae; hindtibial spur short; hindtibial comb with 8 spines, third from spur longest; tarsomeres 1 of hindleg with dense palisade setae; prothoracic TR 2.40, mesothoracic TR 2.67, metathoracic TR 2.14; tarsomeres 5 elongate; claws equal, small, nearly straight, bifid at tip. Wing (Fig. 26) length 0.96 mm; width 0.30 mm; CR 0.57; membrane very slightly infuscated; radial cell obliterated, venation as figured; costa with 5 setae, 2 near but distal to basal arculus, other 3 on its distal 1 / 4. Halter pale brown. Abdomen uniformly brown. Genitalia (Fig. 27): tergite 9 broad, subquadrangular, extending just anterior to level of apex of gonocoxite; posterior margin broad, nearly straight with broad posteromedian notch, circus stout, rounded; sternite 9 with anterior margin straight, 0.42 length of breadth, with broad, shallow posteromedian excavation. Gonocoxite short, as long as greatest (mesal) width, with short, pointed mesal process; gonostylus slender, 1.3 X longer than gonocoxite, slightly curved with pointed tip. Parameres (Fig. 38) fused, heavily sclerotized, base straight base; distal portion lightly sclerotized, slender, nearly straight with blunt tip; gonocoxal apodemes heavily sclerotized, slender, each with short process directed anterolaterally. Aedeagus (Fig. 39) triangular, 1.6 X longer than greatest (basal) width; basal arch extending 0.1 of total length; proximal 3 / 4 heavily sclerotized; distal portion about ¼ of total length, lightly sclerotized, with blunt tip. Male pupa (Figs. 28 –34, 36, 40–42). Exuviae general coloration pale brown, body surface with small rounded tubercles and spinules. Total length 1.76 mm. Flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face, midleg and wing (Fig. 28). Dorsal apotome (Fig. 29) without ventral line of weakness, dorsomedial tubercle and central dome, with anterior margin quadrangular, posterior margin broken, disc surface covered by few rounded tubercles and longitudinal wrinkles on anterior portion, lateral margins with broad raised areas with flattened tubercle at base, bearing 2 dorsal apotome sensilla (Fig. 29) as follows: DA- 1 -H short seta, DA- 2 -H campaniform sensillum at tubercle base; DAL 0.09 mm, DAW 0.19 mm, DAW/ DAL 5.56. Cephalothorax rectangular (Fig. 28), narrowed posterioly, length 0.95 mm, width 0.67 mm; mesonotum covered with few moderately-sized tubercles; prothoracic extension wide (0.16 mm) (Fig. 40), well developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mouthparts (Fig. 40) with mandible well developed, lacinia absent, palpus extending posteriorly to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire. Cephalothoracic sensilla as follows: anteriomedials (Fig. 31) AM- 1 -T very short seta, AM- 2 -T campaniform sensillum on small tubercle, 2 dorsolateral cephalics sclerites (Fig. 30): DL- 1 -H very short seta, DL- 2 -H campaniform sensillum; one anterolateral (Fig. 31): AL- 1 -T minute seta; clypeal labral sensillum (Figs. 33, 40): CL- 1 -H minute seta; ocular (Figs. 33, 40): O- 2 -H campaniform sensillum; 3 dorsal setae (Fig. 32): D- 1 -T, D- 2 -T peg-like setae, D- 3 -T campaniform sensillum, D- 2 -T, D- 3 -T on closely approximate tubercles, SA- 2 -T present (Fig. 32). Respiratory organ (Figs. 28, 31) short, squat, 5-6 apical closely abutting pores arranged in single row, outer surface with wrinkles, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight, with annulations to half length; pedicel (Fig. 31) short, wide, P length: 0.0025 mm, RO length 0.075 mm, RO wide 0.04 mm; P/RO 0.033. Metathoracics (Fig. 41): 2 campaniform sensilla (M- 2 -T, M- 3 -T), M- 3 -T near anterior margin. Abdominal segments with 2 spots laterally on segment 2-7, segment 2 (0.55 mm) wider than segment 3 (0.45 mm). First abdominal segment (Fig. 41) with 7 setae: D- 2 -I very short, D- 3 -I absent, D- 4 -I, D- 7 -I campaniform sensilla, D- 5 - I, D- 9 -I minute setae, D- 8 -I peg, L- 1 -I very short seta. Fourth segment (Fig. 42) with sensillar pattern as follows: dorsal tubercles with small base: D- 1 -IV, D- 3 -IV absent, D- 2 -IV very short seta, D- 4 -IV, D- 7 -IV campaniform sensilla, D- 5 -IV, D- 8 -IV, D- 9 -IV minute setae, V- 5 -IV, V- 6 -IV without visible setae, on notorious tubercles; L- 1 -IV absent, L- 2 -IV, L- 3 -IV short, stout setae, on triangular pointed tubercles. Segment 9 (Fig. 36) approximately 1.83 X longer than greatest width, length 0.275 mm, width 0.15 mm; posteriorly directed spicules restricted dorsally to mesal area, terminal processes triangular, these moderately elongated, subparallel, pointed; ventral surface of processes spiculated, terminal procceses length 0.125 mm, width 0.05 mm, D- 5 -IX, D- 6 -IX campaniform sensilla (Fig. 36), genital lobe moderately long and globose, extending under posterior margin. Female pupa (Figs. 35, 37). Similar to male with usual sexual differences: CTL 0.90 mm. First abdominal segment (Fig. 35) with setae: D- 2 -I minute seta, D- 7 -I and L- 1 -I not in position to describe, D- 5 -I very short seta, D- 9 -I minute seta on flattened tubercle, D- 8 -I very short seta. Segment 9 (Fig. 37) length 0.325 mm, width 0.175 mm; terminal processes length 0.125 mm, width 0.05 mm. Distribution. Brazil (Mato Grosso), Argentina (Misiones). Taxonomic discussion. Parabezzia brasiliensis is one of the 25 species inhabiting the Neotropical region. Of these, only are known the pupae of P. alexanderi Wirth and P. balseiroi Spinelli & Grogan. Fourteen species, including P. brasiliensis, are known only from female adults. There are two quite different types of pupae in Parabezzia. One has number of rounded tubercles, the other called alexanderi group, has sharp tubercles and abdominal sternites with membranous discs (Borkent, 2014). Parabezzia brasiliensis perfectly fits in the alexanderi group and is very similar to P. b al s ei roi, but in the latter species the DAW/ DAL ratio is lower (2.26 for male, 3.60 for female), the DA- 1 -H is a minute seta on well developed tubercle, and the respiratory organ bears 10–12 apical opening pores. The adult male of P. brasiliensis is easily distinguished from their congeners inhabiting the Americas by the obliterated radial cell and by the costal fringe limited to 5 setae. The aedeagus is very similar to the one illustrated by Grogan & Wirth (1977, page 73) for the Nearctic species P. inermis (Coquillett), but in the latter the radial cell is open, the costal fringe is complete and the parameres are apparently absent. Pupae of this specie was collected associated with pupae of Bezzia blantoni Spinelli & Wirth and and Bezzia brevicornis (Kieffer). Specimens examined. Argentina, Misiones Prov., Posadas, Miguel Lanús, área de Recursos Ambientales El Zaimán, 27 ° 26 ' 11.6 '' S, 55 ° 53 ' 48.7 '' W, 28 -III- 2014, M. Ayala, 1 male, 1 female (with pupal exuviae).Published as part of Ayala, Mahia M., Spinelli, Gustavo R., Funes, Amparo & Ronderos, María M., 2015, Additional notes on biting midges from the subtropical forest of northeastern Argentina (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 79-90 in Zootaxa 3941 (1) on pages 85-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/28822
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