6,296 research outputs found
Generational gap e nuovo professionalismo medico. Note preliminari per una ricerca empirica
No full textIn this paper the generational variable is used as a key to the interpretation of the changes that are taking place in medical professionalism. The hypothesis is that several changes in the practice of medicine are due to the generational change (as well as to the feminization of the profession). From many years the sociology of professions has tried to understand the reasons for the different ways of practicing the medical profession, however, it has neglected the generational gap. After reconstructing the debate on new medical professionalism, the paper focuses on three different theoretical models (those of Hafferty and Castellani 2010, Julia Evetts 2011 and Vicarelli and Spina 2013), in order to re-interpret them by using the generational dynamic. Greater attention is paid to one model in particular, analysing in detail the concept of collaborative community. By using the main findings of some empirical researches, the paper highlights how the concept of community changes when a generational change takes place. Further empirical research should be carried out in order to verify a theoretical hypothesis that, nevertheless, appears to be compelling, showing the importance of the generational variable as reading key to the interpretation of diverse medical practice and, ultimately, of the variety of professionalisms
The several faces of the medicalization of birth. Italy and its peculiarities
Full text linkBackground: Medical-scientific advances in maternal care gradually improved the health of mothers and new-borns. However, this has contributed to increasing levels of medicalization, defined as the overuse of medical interventions even in low-risk pregnancies and childbirths. In Italy pregnancy and birth still appear to be rather medicalized than in the rest of Europe. Moreover, the uneven distribution of these practice over the territory appears to be evident. The purpose of this article is to both highlight and explain the Italian peculiarity in terms of high medicalization of childbirth and its territorial variability.Theoretical framework: The extensive literature on medicalization of childbirth was systematized by some scholars who use childbirth as a case study to distinguish four meanings of medicalization, by classifying them into two generations of theories. Alongside this literature several studies attempted to interpret differences in maternity model of care showing the important role played by path dependence.Results: In the European scenario, Italy stands out for its high percentage of cesarean sections, but also for its excessive recourse to antenatal visits during pregnancy and the application of interventions during labor and vaginal births. Going into regional detail, however, Italian situation appears rather uneven: relevant differences emerge in relation to medicalization of both pregnancy and birth.Discussion: The article explores the possibility that areas whit different sociocultural, economic, political and institutional background may have introjected different meanings of medicalization, thus reproducing different maternity models of care. In fact, the simultaneous presence, in Italy, of four different meanings of medicalization seems to be rooted. Even with some similar traits, different conditions and situations emerge in different geographical areas, leading to the prevalence of one meaning rather than another and resulting on different outcomes in terms of medicalization.Conclusion: The data presented in this article seem to deny the existence of a national maternity model of care and. On the contrary, they confirm the idea that medicalization is not necessarily linked to the different health conditions of mothers in different geographical areas and that a path dependent variable is able to explain it
Midwives’ professionalization: a comparative approach. An interpretation of the phenomenon of childbirth medicalization
No full textThe paper studies the problem of increasing medicalization of pregnancy and delivery, a phenomenon that started in Italy between the 1950s and the 1960s owing to deep political, social and cultural changes. The main aim of the study is the understanding of the origins of the phenomenon by investigating the causal relationships between medicalization and medical dominance
Tra razionalizzazione delle risorse e umanizzazione del percorso nascita: quali cambiamenti per ostetriche e ginecologi?
No full textObiettivi: le politiche materno-infantili costituiscono un tema centrale nell’agenda politica di molti Paesi compresa l’Italia dove da tempo il dibattito appare polarizzato su due concetti spesso considerati contrapposti: quello di umanizzazione e quello di razionalizzazione. L’articolo si concentra su questa contrapposizione focalizzandosi, in particolare, sulla tensione che ne deriva sulle relazioni interprofessionali, laddove le diverse professionalità coinvolte nella nascita (ostetriche e ginecologi) tendono ad enfatizzare l’una o l’altra dimensione, per arrivare a comprendere se e in che misura possa cambiare la loro configurazione professionale.
Metodi: dopo aver presentato le più recenti politiche sulla maternità introdotte in Italia ed aver brevemente illustrato la dinamica storica delle relazioni tra ostetriche e ginecologi, l’articolo mostra i principali risultati di uno studio empirico condotto nei punti nascita dell’azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale delle Marche dove i professionisti hanno compilato un questionario appositamente costruito dall’unità di ricerca.
Risultati: il quadro che emerge è quello di due categorie professionali che reclamano spazi di autonomia e rivendicano una giurisdizione senza aver sempre chiari i rispettivi confini entrando così inevitabilmente in conflitto. Sebbene mostrino, a livello micro, rapporti di collaborazione e di scambio, di fatto esprimono una certa divergenza nel modo di concepire l’assistenza e la cura oltre che nel modo di essere professione, interpretando in modo diverso il concetto di fisiologia e finendo per configurare forme di dominanza dell’una sull’altra.
Conclusioni: le recenti politiche, in Italia, stanno determinando cambiamenti importanti per le professioni coinvolte nel percorso nascita e, in particolare, per l’ostetrica la cui professionalizzazione sta vivendo una nuova fase che può presentare nuove opportunità come pure nuovi risch
La professione ostetrica: mutamenti e nuove prospettive
Full text linkThe paper focuses on the professionalization of Italian midwifery which, in recent years, has been involved in a process of social and professional mobility, together with twenty-one other health occupations. A historical-relational approach has been used. It adheres to Elias’ theoretical perspective according to which professions are considered as the result of the network of relationships that individuals build, therefore influencing their behaviour. Starting from the onset of the XX century, the history
of midwifery is reconstructed by dividing it into three distinct phases where periods of professional autonomy alternate with periods of dominationand subordination, thus limiting the acquisition of a professional status. Finally, in the conclusions the paper foreshadows the advent of a fourth phase in which new opportunities as well as new risks may appear for midwives. Only if the latter are able to grasp these opportunities while limiting the risks, can they achieve a higher professional status
I giovani medici tra carichi di lavoro e stress. Gli esiti di una ricerca
No full textSeveral studies focused on the causes and effects of stress and burnout suffered by helpful professions, including doctors. Some of these studies, particularly in recent times, focused on a particular segment of the medical profession, that represented by the young physicians explaining how they are suffering stress and other professional illnesses since the early years of their career. Also in relation to the Italian situation, some studies documented this phenomenon; however, the situation could change in the near future due to the entry into force of the European regulations in November 2015. The new law reorganizes the doctor’s work in order to promote the professionals’ well-being. This chapter presents the results of a pilot research conducted by the Centre for Research and service on social and health integration (CRISS) of the Università Politecnica delle Marche on 100 young professionals registered with the Order of doctors of the province of Ancona. The survey brings to light several critical aspects revealing how young doctors are highly stressed because of hard working hours and high workloads
Welfare e maternity care. Istituzioni, professioni e territori
No full textIl volume si focalizza sul maternity care, assunto a caso paradigmatico per leggere le modellizzazioni dei servizi sanitari e dei sistemi di welfare prodotte dalla letteratura sul tema. Il maternity care viene qui visto come un microcosmo all’interno del settore sanitario, dotato di proprie logiche e dinamiche in relazione alle istituzioni che lo regolano, agli attori (utenti e professionisti) che lo popolano e ai territori nei quali si situa. L’idea è che ciascun microcosmo che compone il settore sanitario e, più in generale, il sistema di welfare, agisca secondo logiche proprie che vanno tenute in debita considerazione per giungere a modellizzazioni che, pur semplificando, tengano conto della complessità che caratterizza la realtà sociale. A tale scopo vengono proposti parametri di analisi tipicamente sociologici, a integrazione di quelli già consolidati, che guardano agli attori, e alle loro motivazioni, e al grado di legittimazione pubblica dei diversi bisogni e dei rischi sociali. La prospettiva adottata suggerisce, infatti, non solo di ripensare alle dinamiche che stanno alla base della costruzione dei modelli di welfare e della loro trasformazione, ma anche di riconsiderare quest’ultimo come oggetto di studio
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