1,721,012 research outputs found
Slow breathing reduces chemoreflex response to hypoxia and hypercapnia, and increases baroreflex sensitivity
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Equipment for noninvasive mechanical ventilation.
No full textNoninvasive ventilation consists of the application of a ventilator to the patient’s airways without recourse to orotracheal intubation or tracheostomy and therefore requires a range of devices that guarantee mechanical ventilatory support to the spontaneous pulmonary breathing. Two different types of systems are defined, namely closed and opened, depending on the type of circuit and mask used. Mechanical noninvasive ventilator delivers gas flow through pressured or volumed algorithms as well as in the intensive care unit but often are easier to manage. The importance of a good ventilation is often driven by specialized teamwork by clinicians, nursery, and trained personnel. Communicating and receiving feedback from the patient who needs to undergo a NIV session, if possible, increases compliance and improves the outcome of care significantly. Technical aspects of devices with detailed references to interfaces, management, and prevention of ventilation side effects are reported
IgE values and T-lymphocyte subsets in children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome
No full textHigh levels of IgE and IgE-mediated reactions represent a typical finding in patients with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). However, 10-30% of patients usually do not show any increase of total blood IgE levels and any detectable specific IgE sensitization. We performed this study to evaluate the difference of T-lymphocyte subsets in AEDS patients with high or normal IgE values. We enrolled 21 children with AEDS who were at least two years of age (8 boys and 13 girls, aged 2-13 years) and 20 children as control cases with the same age and sex. These patients were classified as IgE-associated AEDS or not IgE-associated AEDS syndrome according to their IgE levels. We used monoclonal antibodies against CD3 (T cells), CD4 (T-helper cells), CD8 (T-cytotoxic cells), CD 19 (B cells), CD56 and CD16 (natural killer cells), CD3/HLA-DR (activated T cells), CD45Ra in CD4 (naive lymphocytes), CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor), CD57 in CD3 (suppressor/cytotoxic), and CD5 in CD20 (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA). The severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) was determined according to the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Moreover, we checked the levels of peripheral blood eosinophils and of total and specific IgE for a panel of inhalant and food allergens. We found that the CD8+ level was significantly lower and the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher than in healthy cases. Moreover, patients with not IgE associated AEDS (aAD) showed CD4+ levels significantly higher than IgE aAD patients and healthy controls. We found no difference of the SCORAD index in the two groups but there was an inverse relationship between this index and CD4/CD8 ratio. We did not find any correlation between IgE levels and the SCORAD index between eosinophils and SCORAD index or between age and IgE values. A decrease of CD8+ circulating T cells and an increase of the CD4/CD8 ratio are peculiar findings in AEDS patients with either high or normal IgE values
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