101,952 research outputs found
Tossicità in vitro con modelli specie-specifici : cellule della granulosa di suino
No full textLa valutazione della tossicità in vitro con modelli specie-specifici si rivela di notevole importanza nell’ambito della tossicologia veterinaria sia in relazione agli effetti che al metabolismo di xenobiotici.
Le cellule della granulosa (GC), cellule steroidogeniche dell’ovaio, rappresentano di fatto una alternativa in vitro per valutare la complessa attività ovarica. Attualmente questo modello in vitro è stato messo a punto con cellule proveniente da diverse specie quali roditori, bovini, suini, primati, proprio per la peculiare specie-specificità, in relazione alla steroidogenesi. Il nostro modello, che presenta analogie con altri riportati in bibliografia (MDG2.1, jc-410), è stato allestito con GC di suino (GCs) prelevate da follicoli di piccole dimensioni (1-5 mm) provenienti da animali dopo la macellazione mantenute in coltura per 48 ore in terreno contenente siero fetale bovino al 5% (FCS) e siero suino al 5% (PS) e per altre 24/48 ore in terreno di coltura senza siero contenente 500 ng/ml di testosterone con o senza trattamenti aggiuntivi.
Le GCs possono essere impiegate come modello predittivo di tossicità, attraverso la valutazione di effetti:
1. sulla proliferazione cellulare in presenza di FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) e/o IGF-1 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1) e/o FGF9 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 9).
2. sulla steroidogenesi in presenza di FSH e/o IGF-1 e/o FGF9
3. sull’espressione genica dell’enzima aromatasi (CYP19A1) e dell’enzima P450 scc (CYP11A1) in presenza di FSH+IGF-1, FSH+IGF-1+FGF9
Dal punto di vista applicativo, l’esposizione di GCs a fusariotossine, contaminanti di origine naturale prodotti da miceti del genere Fusarium, (e.g. Fumonisina B1, Deossinivalenolo, Tossina T-2, Zearalenone), singolarmente e in associazione, ha evidenziato effetti sinergici dose-dipendenti sia relativamente alla proliferazione cellulare che alla steroidogenesi, suggerendo un possibile effetto endocrine disruptor.
Bibliografia
Ovarian granulosa cell line JC Havelock, WE Rainey, BR Carr mol cell endocrinol 2004, 228: 67-78
Effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on steroid production by porcine granulosa cells G Ranzenigo, Caloni F, Cremonesi F, Aad P Y, Spicer LJ Anim Reprod Sci 2008, 107: 115-130
Microarray Analysis of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-induced Changes in mRNA Expression in Cultured Porcine Granulosa Cells: Possible role of IGF-I in Angiogenesis JA Grado-Ahuir, PY
Aad, G Ranzenigo, . Caloni, F Cremonesi, LJ Spicer J Anim Sci, 2009,87(6):1921-33
Effects of a trichothecene, T-2 toxin, on proliferation and steroid production by porcine granulosa cells F Caloni G Ranzenigo, FCremonesiLJ Spicer Toxicon, 2009 Sep 1;54(3):337-44
In vitro effect of Fumonisin B1 on proliferation and steroisogenesis of porcine granulose cells. C Cortinovis,N Schreiber, PY Aad,F. Caloni, LJ Spicer ISTISAN CONGRESSI, 2011 9
Syringophiloidus carolae Skoracki, Flannery and Spicer 2009
No full text<i>Syringophiloidus carolae</i> Skoracki, Flannery and Spicer, 2009 <p> <i>Syringophioidus</i> <i>carolae</i> Skoracki <i>et al</i>., 2009b: 66, figs. 6–9. Types deposited in AMU, examined. Type host: <i>Cardinalis</i> <i>cardinalis</i> (Linnaeus) (Cardinalidae). Type locality: USA (Texas).</p> <p> <b>Additional material.</b> Four females and 1 male (FMNH uncatalogued) from <i>Cardinalis</i> <i>cardinalis</i> (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae), <b>USA</b>: Georgia, Emanuel Co., 12 mi. N. Swainsboro, 17 March 1969, coll. W. T. Atyeo, H. Proctor & J. B. Kethley, all material in FMNH; 6 females and 1 male (FMNH uncatalogued) from <i>Passerina caerulea</i> (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae), <b>USA</b>: Tennessee, Roane Co., 10 mi. W. Oak Ridge, 7 August 1960, coll. Atyeo, Braasch & Orwig, all material in FMNH.</p> <p> <b>Host and distribution.</b> <i>Cardinalis</i> <i>cardinalis</i> (Linnaeus) (Cardinalidae) from USA (Georgia, Texas) (Skoracki <i>et al</i>. 2009b; present paper), <i>Passerina caerulea</i> (Linnaeus) (Cardinalidae) [<b>new host</b>] from USA (Tennessee) (present paper).</p> <p> <b>Remark.</b> Mites collected from <i>Melanerpes formicivorus</i> (Swainson) (Piciformes: Picidae) and previously determined as <i>S. carolae</i> (Skoracki <i>et al</i>. 2009b) belong to a new and yet undescribed species.</p>Published as part of <i>Skoracki, Maciej, Spicer, Greg S. & Oconnor, Barry M., 2016, A systematiC review of the subfamily Syringophilinae (ACari: Syringophilidae) of the NearCtiC region. Part 1: quill mites assoCiated with passerines (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 4084 (4)</i> on pages 464-465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.4.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1052257">http://zenodo.org/record/1052257</a>
SPECIAL ISSUE | Crowd (Mis)Representation: Aerial Photography at Donald Trump's Inauguration and the 2017 Women's March
No full textAuthor: Riley Nisbet Wayne State University Download PDF version In a press conference given on the day following Donald Trump’s inauguration, the administration’s first press secretary, Sean Spicer, circulated the lie that the crowd at his presidential inauguration was the largest ever.[1] This was an early instance of the administration’s use of “alternative facts,” an alarming concept endorsed by its spokespeople to counter claims that the administration was untruthful. Contrary to t..
Effects of a trichothecene, T-2 toxin, on proliferation and steroid production by porcine granulosa cells
No full textFusarium mycotoxins, such as trichothecenes and zearalenone, are produced by molds and contaminate a large variety of grains and feedstuffs worldwide. Mycotoxins of Fusarium fungi include the trichothecenes, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin (T2), and zearalenone, and have been implicated in poor reproductive performance in pigs. However, direct ovarian effects of T2 toxin have not been reported. Therefore, porcine granulosa cells (GC) from small follicles (1-5 mm) were cultured for 2 days in 5% fetal bovine serum and 5% porcine serum-containing medium followed by 2 days in serum-free medium containing various doses of FSH, insulin-like growth factor-I and T2 (at various doses/combinations) to evaluate the influence of T2 on steroid production and cell proliferation. T2 at 1, 3, 30 and 300 ng/mL completely inhibited FSH plus IGF-I-induced estradiol production, whereas 0.3 ng/mL of T2 inhibited estradiol production by 40%. Progesterone production was less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of T2 with 0.3 ng/mL having no effect and 1 ng/mL inhibiting progesterone production by only 30%. At 30 and 300 ng/mL, T2 completely inhibited FSH plus IGF-I-induced progesterone production. The impact of T2 on the dose-response to IGF-I (0, 3, 10 and 30 ng/mL) was also evaluated; T2 blunted the stimulatory effect of 3-30 ng/mL of IGF-I on steroid production and cell proliferation. Serum-induced granulosa cell proliferation was decreased (P < 0.05) by 40% after 1 day and by 56% after 2 days of T2 treatment. The present studies indicate for the first time that T2 may be able to alter in growth of the granulosa layer within ovarian follicles in addition to their effect on steroidogenesis. In conclusion, T2 has potent direct dose-dependent effects on granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. These direct ovarian effects could be one mechanism whereby contaminating Fusarium mycotoxins in feedstuffs could impact reproductive performance in swine
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Barn at Spicer Farm, Henry SD, Codington County
No full text35 mm slide, long barn with a gambrel roof with a peak at the top and four cupolas next to a windmillDrawer info: Clay-Corson; Henry Twp T-116N R-55W (HE)Kodachrome Slide RS CD-HE-4 Spicer Farm Facing W 36 Jun 86F
Barn at Spicer Farm, Henry SD, Codington County
No full text35 mm slide, long barn with a gambrel roof with a peak at the top and four cupolasDrawer info: Clay-Corson; Henry Twp T-116N R-55W (HE)Kodachrome Slide RS CD-HE-4 Spicer Farm Facing NW 35 Jun 86F
The Si(111)/Cu interface studied with surface sensitive techniques
No full textThe formation of the Cu/Si interface is described on the basis of joint photoemission (valence band and Si 2p core levels) and Auger lineshape (SiL2,3VV) analysis. The system is characterized by an extended mixed phase where a silicidelike compound of average stoichiometry Cu3Si is formed and appears to be stable for an extended range of Cu coverages and annealing temperatures. The intermixing is strongly temperature dependent, but the chemical reaction between Cu and the top layers of Si can proceed even at 100 K
Betasyringophiloidus seiuri Skoracki & Spicer & Oconnor 2016, comb. nov.
No full text<i>Betasyringophiloidus seiuri</i> (Clark, 1964) comb. nov. <p>(Figs. 3A–D)</p> <p> <i>Syringophilus seiuri</i> Clark, 1964: 82, figs. 7, 20, 24, 25. Types deposited in FMNH and USNM, examined. <i>Syringophiloidus seiurus</i>, Kethley 1970: 50.</p> <p> <i>Syringophiloidus seiuri</i>, Bochkov & Galloway 2001: 2025, fig. 9.</p> <p> <i>Syringophiloidus zonotrichia</i> Bochkov <i>et al</i>., 2011 <b>syn. nov</b>: 203, fig. 1.</p> <p> Type host: <i>Seiurus aurocapilla</i> (Passeriformes: Parulidae). Type locality: USA (Maryland).</p> <p> <b>Additional material.</b> One female and 1 male (UMMZ BMOC 81-0821-2) from <i>Seiurus aurocapilla</i> (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Parulidae), <b>USA</b>: Michigan, Oakland Co., received from Nankin Mills Nature Center, 17 May 1966, coll. B. M. OConnor, all material in UMMZ; 9 females and 2 males (UMMZ BMOC 81-0821-9) from <i>Oreothlypis peregrina</i> (Wilson) (Passeriformes: Parulidae), <b>USA</b>: Michigan, Oakland Co., received from Nankin Mills nature Center, 22 September 1964, coll. B. M. OConnor, all material in UMMZ, except 2 females and 1 male in AMU; 12 females and 4 males (UMMZ BMOC 85-0913-1) from <i>Geothlypis philadelphia</i> (Wilson) (Passeriformes: Parulidae), <b>USA</b>: Massachusetts, Berkshire Co., Great Barrington, 26 May 1984, coll. J. Renner, all material in UMMZ, except 2 females and 1 male in AMU; 6 females and 1 male (FMNH uncatalogued) from <i>Setophaga palmarum</i> (Gmelin) (Passeriformes: Parulidae), <b>USA</b>: Florida, Leon Co., 21 March 1961, coll. J. B. Kethley, all material in FMNH; 7 females and 1 male (FMNH uncatalogued) from <i>Setophaga pensylvanica</i> (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes: Parulidae), <b>USA</b>: Florida, Leon Co., 6 October 1956, coll. J. B. Kethley, all material in FMNH; 12 females (AMU-SYR.302) from <i>Zonotrichia</i> <i>albicollis</i> (Gmelin) (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), <b>USA</b>, Texas, Johnson Co., Garen Ranch, 21 March 2004; coll. G. S. Spicer (field no. GSS 2018), all material in AMU, SFSU and ZISP; 10 females (FMNH uncatalogued) from same host species, <b>USA</b>: Florida, Leon Co., 22 October 1957, coll. J. B. Kethley, all material in FMNH; 2 females (ZISP AVB uncatalogued) from same host species, <b>CANADA</b>: Manitoba, Winnipeg, 5 May 1999, coll. T. D. Galloway, all material in ZISP; 2 females (AMU- SYR.755) from <i>Melospiza melodia</i> (Wilson) (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), <b>USA</b>: Texas, Hood Co., W. Jones Ranch, 22 March 2004, coll. G.S. Spicer (field no. GSS 1537), all material in AMU; 5 females (FMNH uncatalogued) from <i>Melospiza georgiana</i> (Latham) (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), <b>USA</b>: Florida, 24 October 1957, coll. J. B. Kethley, all material in FMNH; 10 females (AMU-SYR.756) from <i>Melospiza lincolnii</i> (Audubon) (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), <b>USA</b>: Texas, Johnson Co., Garen Ranch, 21 March 2004, coll. G. S. Spicer (field no. GSS 2013), all material in AMU.</p> <p> <b>Hosts and distribution.</b> Parulidae: <i>Geothlypis philadelphia</i> (Wilson) from USA (Massachusetts) (present paper), <i>Seiurus aurocapilla</i> (Linnaeus) from USA (Carolina, Florida, Maryland, Michigan) (Clark 1964; Kethley 1970; present paper) and Canada (Manitoba) (Bochkov & Galloway 2001), <i>Helmitheros vermivorum</i> (Gmelin) from USA (Maryland) (Clark 1964), <i>Oreothlypis peregrina</i> (Wilson) [<b>new host</b>] from USA (Michigan) (present paper), <i>O. ruficapilla</i> (Wilson) from USA (California) (Bochkov <i>et al</i>. 2011), <i>Setophaga palmarum</i> (Gmelin) [<b>new host</b>] from USA (Florida), and <i>S. pensylvanica</i> (Linnaeus) [<b>new host</b>] from USA (Florida) (present paper).</p> <p> Emberizidae: <i>Melospiza georgiana</i> (Latham) [<b>new host</b>] from USA (Florida) (present paper), <i>M. lincolnii</i> (Audubon) [<b>new host</b>] from USA (Texas) (Bochkov <i>et al</i>. 2011; present paper), <i>M. melodia</i> (Wilson) from USA (Maryland, Texas) (Clark 1964; present paper), <i>Zonotrichia</i> <i>albicollis</i> (Gmelin) [<b>new host</b>] from USA (Florida, Texas) and Canada (Manitoba) (Bochkov <i>et al</i>. 2011; present paper).</p> <p> Ploceidae: <i>Quelea erythrops</i> (Hartlaub) from Togo, <i>Pachyphantes superciliosus</i> (Shelley) from Togo, <i>Ploceus baglafecht</i> (Daudin) from Congo (Skoracki & Dabert 2002), and <i>P. xanthops</i> (Hartlaub) from Kenya (Klimovicova <i>et al</i>. 2014).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Possibilities of type material examination of <i>Syringophilus seiuri</i> described by Clark (1964) and deposited in the FMNH, allows us to move this species to the genus <i>Betasyringophiloidus</i> (one pair of pseudanal setae present). Because, all morphological characters and setae measurements of <i>Syringophiloidus zonotrichia</i> Bochkov <i>et al</i>., 2011 perfectly correspond with <i>Betasyringophiloidus seiuri</i> we consider <i>S. zonotrichia</i> as a junior synonym of <i>B. seiuri</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Skoracki, Maciej, Spicer, Greg S. & Oconnor, Barry M., 2016, A systematiC review of the subfamily Syringophilinae (ACari: Syringophilidae) of the NearCtiC region. Part 1: quill mites assoCiated with passerines (Aves: Passeriformes), pp. 451-494 in Zootaxa 4084 (4)</i> on pages 458-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.4.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1052257">http://zenodo.org/record/1052257</a>
Syringophilopsis sialiae Skoracki, Flannery & Spicer, 2008, sp. n.
No full text<p> <i>Syringophilopsis sialiae</i> sp. n.</p> <p>Figs. 19–23</p> <p> <b>Female</b> (Figs. 19–23). Total body length of holotype 1,065 (950–1,150 in 4 paratypes). <i>Gnathosoma</i>. Hypostomal apex with 2 pairs of large, sharp-ended protuberances and 2 pairs of small, blunt-ended hypostomal lips (Fig. 21). Each lateral branch of M-shaped peritremes with 3 chambers, each longitudinal branch with 8–9 chambers (Fig. 22). Cheliceral digit 215 (205–215) long. Stylophore constricted posteriorly, 270 (260–280) long. <i>Idiosoma</i>. Propodonotal shield concave on anterior margin, punctated and sculptured, bearing bases of setae <i>vi</i>, <i>ve</i>, <i>sci</i> and <i>d1</i>. Setae <i>sce</i> situated distinctly anterior to level of setae <i>d1</i>. Length ratio of setae <i>vi:ve</i> 1:1.2–1.4. Hysteronotal shields paired, punctated, bearing setae <i>d2</i>. Distance between bases of setae <i>d2–l1</i> and <i>d2–l2</i> subequal. Pygidial shield present, with distinct anterior margin. Setae <i>d4</i> and <i>d5</i> subequal in length and about 4–5 times shorter than <i>l5</i>. Paragenital setae <i>pg1</i> and <i>pg3</i> subequal in length, both 3.8–4 times longer than <i>pg2</i>. Cuticular striations as in Figs. 19 and 20. <i>Legs</i>. Coxal fields sparsely punctated. Fan-like setae <i>p’</i> and <i>p”</i> of legs III and IV with 13 tines (Fig. 23). Setae <i>tc”III–IV</i> about 1.3–1.5 times longer than <i>tc’III–IV</i>. <i>Length of setae</i>: <i>vi</i> 90 (90–100); <i>ve</i> 105 (105–130); <i>sci</i> 305 (305); <i>h</i> (250–320); <i>sce</i> 330 (295–370); <i>l1</i> 265 (330); <i>l2</i> 280 (270–315); <i>l4</i> (420–430); <i>l5</i> 405 (415–500); <i>d1</i> (355– 400); <i>d2</i> 265 (250–340); <i>d4</i> (80–105); <i>d5</i> 105 (80–105); <i>a1</i> and <i>a2</i> 45 (35–45); <i>g1</i> and <i>g2</i> 70 (70–80); <i>pg1</i> 265 (260–300); <i>pg2</i> 70 (70–80); <i>pg3</i> 265 (250–310); <i>sc3</i> and <i>sc4</i> (55–60); <i>tc’III–IV</i> 70 (60–70); <i>tc”III–IV</i> 90 (80– 105).</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> T y p e h o s t: <i>Sialia mexicana</i> Swainson, 1832 (Passeriformes: Turdidae).</p> <p>S i t e: Quills of primary feathers (Lp1).</p> <p>T y p e l o c a l i t y: USA, Texas, Jeff Davis Co., Fort Davis, 12 April 2005, G. Spicer coll. (GSS#1617).</p> <p>T y p e s p e c i m e n s: Female holotype and 4 female paratypes.</p> <p>S p e c i m e n s d e p o s i t e d: Holotype and 3 female paratypes deposited at NMNH, 1 female paratype at AMU.</p> <p> E t y m o l o g y: The name <i>sialiae</i> refers to the generic name of the host – <i>Sialia mexicana</i>.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> <i>Syringophilopsis sialiae</i> is most similar to <i>S. kazmierski</i> Skoracki, 2004 described from <i>Ficedula hypoleucos</i> (Pallas) and <i>F. parva</i> (Bechstein) (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae) from Poland (Skoracki 2004). In both species, females have the hy- postomal apex with 2 pairs of protuberances, paragenital setae <i>pg2</i> and genital setae <i>g1</i> and <i>g2</i> are subequal in length, two hysteronotal shields are present, and setae <i>sce</i> are situated anterior to the level of setae <i>d1</i>. This new species is distinguished from <i>S. kazmierski</i> by the following characters: in females of <i>S. sialiae</i>, the hy- postomal apex has 2 pairs of large protuberances, the stylophore is 260–280 long; the length ratio of setae <i>pg1:pg2:pg3</i> is 3.8–4:1:3.8–4, the pygidial shield is well sclerotized and has a discernible anterior margin. In females of <i>S. kazmierski</i>, the hypostomal apex has 2 pairs of minute protuberances; the stylophore is 160– 180 long; the length ratio of setae <i>pg1:pg2:pg3</i> is 2.3:1:3, and the pygidial shield is weakly sclerotized and has an indiscernible anterior margin.</p>Published as part of <i>Maciej Skoracki, Maureen E. Flannery & Greg S. Spicer, 2008, Quill mites of the genus Syringophilopsis Kethley, 1970 (Acari: Syringophilidae) from North American birds, pp. 291-300 in Folia Parasitologica 55</i> on page 298, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/321913">10.5281/zenodo.321913</a>
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