1,722,010 research outputs found
Is the exogenous orienting of spatial attention truly automatic? Evidence from unimodal and multisensory studies.
No full textThe last decade has seen great progress in the study of the nature of crossmodal links in exogenous and endogenous spatial attention (see [Spence, C., McDonald, J., and Driver, J. (2004). Exogenous spatial cuing studies of human crossmodal attention and multisensory integration. In C. Spence, and J. Driver (Eds.), Crossmodal space and crossmodal attention (pp. 277-320). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.], for a recent review). A growing body of research now highlights the existence of robust crossmodal links between auditory, visual, and tactile spatial attention. However, until recently, studies of exogenous and endogenous attention have proceeded relatively independently. In daily life, however, these two forms of attentional orienting continuously compete for the control of our attentional resources, and ultimately, our awareness. It is therefore critical to try and understand how exogenous and endogenous attention interact in both the unimodal context of the laboratory and the multisensory contexts that are more representative of everyday life. To date, progress in understanding the interaction between these two forms of orienting has primarily come from unimodal studies of visual attention. We therefore start by summarizing what has been learned from this large body of empirical research, before going on to review more recent studies that have started to investigate the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting in a multisensory setting. We also discuss the evidence suggesting that exogenous spatial orienting is not truly automatic, at least when assessed in a crossmodal context. Several possible models describing the interaction between endogenous and exogenous orienting are outlined and then evaluated in terms of the extant data
Spence, C M, NX16945
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/418531Surname: SPENCE. Given Name(s) or Initials: C M. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: NX16945. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 1873.242199
Item: [2016.0049.50792] "Spence, C M, NX16945
Spence, C J E, NX5143
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/418533Surname: SPENCE. Given Name(s) or Initials: C J E. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: NX5143. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 2255.242204
Item: [2016.0049.50794] "Spence, C J E, NX5143
Multisensory cues capture spatial attention regardless of perceptual load.
No full textWe compared the ability of auditory, visual, and audiovisual (bimodal) exogenous cues to capture visuo-spatial attention under conditions of no load versus high perceptual load. Participants had to discriminate the elevation (up vs. down) of visual targets preceded by either unimodal or bimodal cues under conditions of high perceptual load (in which they had to monitor a rapidly presented central stream of visual letters for occasionally presented target digits) or no perceptual load (in which the central stream was replaced by a fixation point). The results of 3 experiments showed that all 3 cues captured visuo-spatial attention in the no-load condition. By contrast, only the bimodal cues captured visuo-spatial attention in the high-load condition, indicating for the first time that multisensory integration can play a key role in disengaging spatial attention from a concurrent perceptually demanding stimulus
Crossmodal attentional capture in an unspeeded simultaneity judgement task
No full textWe report an experiment designed to examine whether or not crossmodal attentional capture affects the performance of participants in an unspeeded simultaneity judgement (SJ) task. Sixteen participants made completely unspeeded judgements as to whether two visual targets (one presented on either side of fixation) had been presented simultaneously or else successively. A spatially nonpredictive auditory cue was presented on one side 200 ms before the onset of the first visual target. The results showed that the uncued visual target had to be presented 17 ms before the cued visual target in order for the two stimuli to be perceived as simultaneous. This result is consistent with the view that the automatic crossmodal capture of attention that follows the presentation of a spatially nonpredictive peripheral auditory cue leads to the speeding-up of the sensory processing of visual stimuli presented at the cued (relative to the uncued) location
Assessing the effect of verbal working memory load on visuo-spatial exogenous orienting.
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess whether or not loading verbal working memory (WM) affects the exogenous orienting of visuo-spatial attention. Visuo-spatial exogenous orienting was measured under low/high WM load conditions by means of an orthogonal spatial cuing paradigm. Participants had to discriminate the elevation (up versus down) of a visual target preceded by a peripheral spatially-nonpredictive visual cue presented on either the left or right. This elevation discrimination task was carried out in-between a verbal WM test, in which a sequence of six digits (to be remembered for report at the end of the trial) was presented either in numerically ascending or random order (i.e., low and high load conditions, respectively). Participants made significantly more recall errors in the high load than in the low load condition, demonstrating that the verbal WM load manipulation had been effective. However, WM load did not interact with visuo-spatial exogenous orienting (i.e., comparable cuing effects were reported in both load conditions). These results are consistent with the view that peripheral visual onsets automatically capture spatial attention, regardless any concurrent increase of verbal WM load
Crossmodal exogenous orienting improves the accuracy of temporal order judgments.
No full textAlthough many studies have demonstrated that crossmodal exogenous orienting can lead to a facilitation of reaction times, the issue of whether exogenous spatial orienting also affects the accuracy of perceptual judgments has proved to be much more controversial. Here, we examined whether or not exogenous spatial attentional orienting would affect sensitivity in a temporal discrimination task. Participants judged which of the two target letters, presented on either the same or opposite sides, had been presented first. A spatially non-predictive tone was presented 200 ms prior to the onset of the first visual stimulus. In two experiments, we observed improved performance (i.e., a decrease in the just noticeable difference) when the target letters were presented on opposite sides and the auditory cue was presented on the side of the first visual stimulus, even when central fixation was monitored ("Experiment 2"). A shift in the point of subjective simultaneity was also observed in both experiments, indicating 'prior entry' for cued as compared to uncued first target trials. No such JND or PSS effects were observed when the auditory tone was presented after the second visual stimulus ("Experiment 3"), thus confirming the attentional nature of the effects observed. These findings clearly show that the crossmodal exogenous orienting of spatial attention can affect the accuracy of temporal judgments
Consumer preference and willingness to pay for 3D-printed chocolates: A discrete choice experiment
No full textThis study explores the emerging field of 3D food printing, specifically examining consumer preferences for 3D-printed chocolate bars. While 3D printing has revolutionized various industries, the consumer acceptance of 3D-printed food remains a relatively underexplored topic. A discrete choice experiment was conducted to investigate consumer preferences and willingness to pay for 3D-printed chocolate bars in the UK. Key attributes included in the study were price, chocolate type, and the use of 3D printing technology. Using a mixed logit model, preference heterogeneity was assessed, revealing a general inclination towards 3D-printed chocolates, with an estimated increase in willingness to pay of £0.21 per 100 g. Furthermore, the influence of individual (participants’) characteristics, such as age, gender, prior knowledge of 3D food printing, and food technology neophobia, on perceived benefits associated with this technology and willingness to pay was also explored, using a structural equation modeling analysis. The results indicated that only perceived hedonic benefits, such as improved texture, positively impacted the willingness to pay, while food technology neophobia acted as a significant barrier. The results of this study therefore contribute valuable insights into the consumer acceptance of 3D-printed foods, specifically chocolates, highlighting potential avenues for market adoption and emphasizing the importance of effective communication in shaping consumer attitudes toward novel food processing technologies
Assessing the visual appeal of real/AI-generated food images
No full textA study designed to investigate the ability of individuals to differentiate between AI-generated and authentic food images, as well as the impact of disclosing this information on the consumer perception of the appeal of these images is reported. Two online experiments were conducted with real and AI-generated food images stretching across the unprocessed, processed, and ultra-processed food continuum. Study 1 was designed to assess the accuracy with which people could identify AI-generated food images while Study 2 explored how the disclosure of an image's origin influenced the appeal of the depicted food. The participants in Study 1 found it very easy to recognize the AI-generated images, particularly in the case of ultra-processed foods. Notably, without disclosure, the AI-generated images were often preferred. At the same time, however, disclosing that a food image was genuine significantly boosted its appeal, whereas the revelation that it had been generated by AI mitigated this effect. These insights help to understand consumer psychology in the rapidly-evolving digital food marketing landscape, highlighting the nuanced effects of technological advancements in AI image-generation on human perception
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