1,721,032 research outputs found
Metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in Klinefelter syndrome
No full textKlinefelter syndrome (KS), which normally presents with a 47,XXY karyotype, is the
most common sex chromosome disorder in males. It is also the most common genetic
cause of male infertility. KS subjects are typically tall, with small and firm testes,
gynecomastia, broad hips, and sparse body hair, although a less evident presentation
is also possible. KS is also characterized by a high prevalence of hypogonadism, metabolic
syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this article is to systematically
review metabolic and the cardiovascular risk factors in KS patients.
Hypogonadism has an important role in the pathogenesis of the changes in body
composition (particularly visceral obesity) and hence of insulin resistance and MetS,
but the association between KS and MetS may go beyond hypogonadism alone. From
childhood, KS patients may show an increase in visceral fat with a reduction in lean
body mass and an increase in glucose and impaired fat metabolism. Their increased
incidence of congenital anomalies, epicardial adipose tissue, and thromboembolic disease
suggests they have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. There is conflicting
evidence on the effects of testosterone therapy on body composition and
metabolism
Effect of High Pressure Homogenization on Droplet Size Distribution and Rheological Properties of Ice Cream Mixes
No full textThe effect of different homogenization pressures (15/3 MPa and 97/3 MPa) on fat globule size and distribution as well as on structure-property relationships of ice cream mixes was investigated. Dynamic light scattering, steady shear, and dynamic rheological analyses were performed on mixes with different fat contents (5 and 8%) and different aging times (4 and 20 h). The homogenization of ice cream mixes determined a change from bimodal to monomodal particle size distributions and a reduction in the mean particle diameter. Mean fat globule diameters were reduced at higher pressure, but the homogenization effect on size reduction was less marked with the highest fat content. The rheological behavior of mixes was influenced by both the dispersed and the continuous phases. Higher fat contents caused greater viscosity and dynamic moduli. The lower homogenization pressure (15/3 MPa) mainly affected the dispersed phase and resulted in a more pronounced viscosity reduction in the higher fat content mixes. High-pressure homogenization (97/3 MPa) greatly enhanced the viscoelastic properties and the apparent viscosity. Rheological results indicated that unhomogenized and 15/3 MPa homogenized mixes behaved as weak gels. The 97/3 MPa treatment led to stronger gels, perhaps as the overall result of a network rearrangement or interpenetrating network formation, and the fat globules were found to behave as interactive fillers. High-pressure homogenization determined the apparent viscosity of 5% fat to be comparable to that of 8% fat unhomogenized mix. © American Dairy Science Association, 2009
Bacillus cereus cell and spore properties as influenced by the micro-structure of the medium
No full textAim: To investigate the effect of different growth conditions on Bacillus cereus
cell and spore properties.
Methods and Results: Bacillus cereus was grown on agar plates with different
surface water conditions (wet and dry) or viscosity. Cell populations displayed
different types of behaviour, and heterogeneity was manifested in cell motility
and dimension. Spore populations were heterogeneous regarding their properties,
namely size and thermal resistance. The smallest spores were produced
from flagellated cells, which also displayed jet-motility, growing on the wettest
agar. Cytometric analysis also revealed within the smallest spores a sub-population
labelled by propidium iodide (PI), indicating that spore populations were
partly damaged. Nonmotile cells grown on diffusion-limiting media were elongated
and produced the least thermal-resistant spores.
Conclusions: The micro-structural properties of the media were found to
influence cell and spore properties. Abundant surface water enabled flagellar
motility and resulted in a heterogeneous cell and spore population, the latter
including small and damaged spores. High viscosity gave rise to filamentous
cells and more heat-sensitive spores.
Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides useful information
on conditions resulting in heterogeneous populations of damaged and heatsensitive
spores
Moisture barrier, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of low pH pectin-soy flour edible film
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Degradazione proteica e profilo delle sostanze volatili in salami a ridotta acidità prodotti da suini ibridi
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Bacillus cereus cell and spore properties as influenced by the micro-structure of the medium
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