46 research outputs found
Identification, Extraction and Microencapsulation of Phenolic Compounds from Orthosiphon Stamineus Leaves
No full textThe effect of auxiliary energy on rhein, kaempferol and astragalin extraction from Cassia alata
No full textThis paper presents the effect of auxiliary energy on rhein, kaempferol and astragalin extraction from Cassia alata. The effect of auxiliary energy was examined by performing extraction using either the ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) or microwave assisted extraction (MAE). A dried plant material with size ranging from 125 μm to 800 μm was used throughout this work. The rhein, kaempferol and astragalin quantification and identification was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The presence of rhein, kaempferol and astragalin were identified and compared with external standards.The residence time, neutral mass and mass fragmentationpattern between the standard and plant extract are also observed. It was found that the extraction yield of rhein, kaempferol and astragalin were higher with UAE method compared to MAE method due to degradation of active component occur. The findings in this work may serve as a useful guide to select the extraction method used to maximise the yield of rhein, kaempferol and astragalin extraction from C. alata
Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of anthraquinone and flavonoids from Senna alata (L.) Roxb
No full textAbstractThis paper investigates the optimum processing conditions of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of anthraquinone (aloe emodin, AE) and flavonoids (kaempferol 3-gentiobioside, K3G and kaempferol, KA) from Senna alata (L.) Roxb. The kinetic study indicates that MAE showed a greater extraction rate, compared to ultrasonic-assisted and maceration, due to the enhanced power which altered the leaf microstructures. The optimisation was undertaken using one-factor-at-a-time, two-level factorial design and central composite design were used to maximise the yield of the target compounds. The optimum yield of K3G (4.27 mg/g DW), KA (8.54 mg/g DW) and AE (0.86 mg/g DW) was obtained at 90.5% ethanol, microwave power of 18.6 W/mL with a desirability of 0.82. In addition, the yield of K3G and KA is correlated positively with the antioxidant activity
Orthosiphon stamineus (Java Tea)
No full textOrthosiphon stamineus has long been used in traditional medicine in East India, Indo China, South East Asia, and tropical regions of Australia where the plant is usually found. This chapter provides a review of preclinical and clinical trials related to the diuretic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, antiproliferative, and anticancer activities of O. stamineus. In addition, toxicity and possible interactions with other drugs or supplements are outlined
Assessment of Phenolic Compounds Stability and Retention During Spray Drying of Orthosiphon Stamineus Extracts
No full textThis paper presents a microencapsulation study using whey protein isolate and maltodextrin of polyphenol obtained from Orthosiphon stamineus leaves. Polyphenol content was analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Higher solid concentration leads to higher solution viscosity, bigger particle size, lower moisture content and less dented surface, which may improve particle flowability. Microencapsulation using a least amount of protein (0.05 wt.%) yielded better retention of romarinic acid (82.08%), sinensetin (79.57%) and eupatorin (81.08%) than those with higher protein concentration. Meanwhile, 5.33 wt.% of maltodextrin provide the highest polyphenol retention of rosmarinic acid (82.67%), sinensetin (82.24%) and eupatorin (80.19%). The results suggest that eupatorin and rosmarinic acid are more susceptible to thermal degradation than sinensetin during spray drying. Formulation using 5.33% maltodextrin provide a better preservation of polyphenols compared to other formulations
Mass spectrometry analysis of auxiliary energy-induced terpenes extraction from Andrographis Paniculata
No full textThe auxiliary energy level affects the yield of terpene extraction from Andrographis paniculata. This paper presents the effect of auxiliary energy (0.22–50 W/mL) to the extraction yield of terpenes from Andrographis paniculata for the first time. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of terpene. It was found that, the highest yield of andrographolide (20.10 mg g/DW) and neoandrographolide (9.54 mg g/DW) was produced at a relatively lower level of auxiliary energy (1.34 W/mL). Meanwhile the highest yield of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (6.47 mg g/DW) was obtained at a higher level of auxiliary energy (25 W/mL), which indicates the existence of a thermally-induced extractive-synthesis mechanism. Principal component analyses on the mass spectra confirmed maceration, ultrasonic, and microwave assisted extraction differ appreciably and eight compounds contributing to the differences were successfully elucidated
Stability and controlled release enhancement of Labisia pumila's polyphenols
No full textThe thermal stability and controlled release of Labisia pumila's polyphenols was increased using a surface protein encapsulated microcapsule. The polyphenols were measured using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography, whereas the degradation mechanism was elucidated using a mass spectroscopy analysis. The microencapsulation increased the polyphenols retention from 29.9 (without encapsulation) to 92.1 with spray drying. The mixture of gum Arabic and whey protein isolate 9:1 gave the best retention of gallic acid (95.2), protocatechuic acid (91.2), epigallocatechin (86.0) and rutin (95.9) with an average polyphenol retention of 92.1. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed the formation of surface protein that acted as a protective layer, which increased the polyphenols stability. Decarboxylation was the primary degradation mechanism for gallic acid and protocatechuic acid, while rutin underwent hydrolysis. The degradation of epigallocatechin was due to deprotonation or dehydroxylation. The microcapsule with surface protein increased the overall polyphenols release with the simulated gastric and intestinal conditions by ~5 with an average release of 96.3. The polyphenols release kinetics was analysed using Baker-Lonsdale, Korsmeyer, Higuchi, and Hixson-Crowell models. The release mechanism of the polyphenols best fit the Hixson-Crowell model indicating a surface erosion dependent release
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction on Phenolic and Flavonoid Content from Phyllanthus niruri Plant
No full textTo find out the effect of ultrasonic assisted extraction with various solvents of phenolic and flavonoid compound
extracted from P. niruri. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Phenolic content from P. niruri was analyzed using Singleton’s method while the flavonoid content was analyzed by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Findings: The polyphenols extraction was greatly affected by the solvent type and concentration, particle size of the plant powder, solid liquid ratio and frequency. The highest phenolic content and flavonoid content were obtained at the solid ratio of 2g dry weight P. niruri powder at 119.28 mg GAE/g DW and 75.86 mg QE/g DW. Application/Improvements: The phenolic and flavonoid content reached its optimum extraction yield at the particle size of 125 µm, using 40% EtOH as solvent and the extraction yield increased when the ultrasonic frequency is increased to 53 kHz. The extraction method used in this work may serve as a useful guide to obtain optimum polyphenol extraction from P. nirur
