21 research outputs found
Development of post-processing algorithm for VUV and EUV spectroscopic diagnostics in KSTAR
No full textEffects of non-resonant magnetic perturbation on impurity transport in KSTAR L-mode plasma
No full text[Book reviews]
No full textReviews of Canadian Economic History, ed. M. H. Watkins and M. H. Grant, and Perspectives on Canadian Economic History (2nd edition), ed. D. McCalla and M. Huberman, and Farm, Factory and Fortune, ed. K. Inwoo
Mitigation of Argon Core Accumulation by ECH and its effects on impurity transport in KSTAR H-mode plasmas
No full textAn Exploratory Study on the Conceptualization of Burnout among the Professional Esports Athletes: Focused on League of Legends Champions Korea League
No full textResearch on the stress and burnout experienced by athletes in the esports field remains limited, necessitating an approach that considers the unique environment and circumstances of esports athletes. This study aims to explore the conceptualization of burnout experiences among professional esports athletes. The participants included 88 athletes from the League of Legends Championship Korea (LCK). Among these, in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 athletes who had experience in international tournaments (the World Championship), while an open-ended survey was completed by 81 athletes. Data collected through in-depth interviews and an open-ended survey were digitized and utilized for analysis. Through critical review by another author and inductive categorization, the conceptual components of esports athletes’ burnout were derived. Through the analysis of 251 raw datum, it was conceptualized into five conceptual factors: performance, overtraining, interpersonal relationships, physical and psychological exhaustion, and career and motivation. The results of this study confirm that esports athletes, like athletes in other conventional sports, experience burnout during their careers, highlighting issues in their unique environment, particularly in aspects of interpersonal relationships and training and rest conditions. This research can serve as a foundational resource for effective athletes’ psychological health management in the esports field and underscores the need for further research on burnout among esports athletes
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No full textMechanistic studies of axon growth during development are beneficial to the search for neuron-intrinsic regulators of axon regeneration. Here, we discovered that, in the developing neuron from rat, Akt signaling regulates axon growth and growth cone formation through phosphorylation of serine 14 (S14) on Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2). This enhances Id2 protein stability by means of escape from proteasomal degradation, and steers its localization to the growth cone, where Id2 interacts with radixin that is critical for growth cone formation. Knockdown of Id2, or abrogation of Id2 phosphorylation at S14, greatly impairs axon growth and the architecture of growth cone. Intriguingly, reinstatement of Akt/Id2 signaling after injury in mouse hippocampal slices redeemed growth promoting ability, leading to obvious axon regeneration. Our results suggest that Akt/Id2 signaling is a key module for growth cone formation and axon growth, and its augmentation plays a potential role in CNS axonal regeneration
Exploring the Heterogeneous Interfaces in Organic or Ruthenium Dye-Sensitized Liquid- and Solid-State Solar Cells
No full textThe interfacial properties were systematically investigated using an organic sensitizer (3-(5'-{4-[(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-p-tolyl-amino]-phenyl)-[2,2']bithiophenyl-5-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid (D)) and inorganic sensitizer (bis(tetrabutylammonium) cis-bis(thiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) (N719)) in a liquid-state and a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC). For liquid-DSCs, the faster charge recombination for the surface of D-sensitized TiO2 resulted in shorter diffusion length (L-D) of similar to 3.9 mu m than that of N719 (similar to 7.5 mu m), limiting the solar cell performance at thicker films used in liquid-DSCs. On the other hand, for solid-DSCs using thin TiO2 films 2 pm), D-sensitized device outperforms the N719-sensitized device in an identical fabrication condition, mainly due to less perfect wetting ability of solid hole conductor into the porous TiO2 network, inducing the dye monolayer act as an insulation layer, while liquid electrolyte is able to fully wet the surface of TiO2. Such insulation effect was attributed to the fact that the significant increase in recombination resistance (from 865 to 4,400 Cl/cm(2)) but shorter electron lifetime (from 10.8 to 0.8 ms) when compared to liquid-DSCs. Higher recombination resistance for solid-DSCs induced the electron transport-limited situation, showing poor performance of N719-sensitized device which has shorter electron transport time and similar LD (2.9 mu m) with D-sensitized device (3.0 mu m).X111212sciescopu
Chemical compatibility between a hole conductor and organic dye enhances the photovoltaic performance of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
No full textA series of organic dyes having an unsymmetrical geometry, 3-(5'-{4-[(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-amino]-phenyl}-[2,2']bithio-phenyl-5-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid (D-F), 3-(5'-{4-[(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-p-tolyl-amino]-phenyl}-[2,2']bithiophenyl-5-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid (D-CH3), and 3-(5'-{4-[(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-amino]-phenyl}-[2,2']bithiophenyl-5-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid (D-OCH3), were designed and synthesized for use in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (sDSCs). The dye regeneration energy levels and surface properties were characterized to determine the hole transfer yield from the oxidized dye to the hole conductor (spiro-OMeTAD) by measuring the degree of pore-filling by the spiro-OMeTAD and the transient absorption spectra (TAS). An electrode sensitized with D-OCH3 exhibited the highest spiro-OMeTAD filling fraction and hole transfer quantum yield (F) to spiro-OMeTAD, resulting in an enhanced photocurrent and a power conversion efficiency of 3.56% in the sDSC, despite a lower energy driving force for hole transfer compared to those of D-F, or D-CH3. This result illustrates the importance of the chemical compatibility between the hole conductor and the dye on the surface of TiO2.open112826sciescopu
Entropymetry for detecting microcracks in high-nickel layered oxide cathodes
No full textCopyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.Electric vehicles (EVs) are imposing ever-challenging standards on the lifetime and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); consequently, real-time nondestructive monitoring of battery cell degradation is highly desired. Unfortunately, high-nickel (Ni) layered oxides, the preferred LIB cathodes for EVs, undergo performance degradation originating from microcrack formation during cycling. Entropymetry is introduced as a real-time analytic tool for monitoring the evolution of microcracks in these cathodes along the state of charge. The entropy change of the layered cathode is associated with the lattice configuration and reflects the structural heterogeneity relevant to the evolution of these microcracks. The structural heterogeneity was correlated with peak broadening in in-situ X-ray diffractometry while varying the experimental conditions that affect crack formation such as the upper cutoff voltage during charging and the Ni-content of the active material. Entropymetry, proposed here as a nondestructive diagnostic tool, can contribute greatly to the safe and reliable operation of LIBs for EVs.Y
On Discovery of Local Independence over Continuous Variables via Neural Contextual Decomposition
No full textConditional independence provides a way to understand causal relationships among the variables of interest. An underlying system may exhibit more fine-grained causal relationships especially between a variable and its parents, which will be called the local independence relationships. One of the most widely studied local relationships is Context-Specific Independence (CSI), which holds in a specific assignment of conditioned variables. However, its applicability is often limited since it does not allow continuous variables: data conditioned to the specific value of a continuous variable contains few instances, if not none, making it infeasible to test independence. In this work, we define and characterize the local independence relationship that holds in a specific set of joint assignments of parental variables, which we call context-set specific independence (CSSI). We then provide a canonical representation of CSSI and prove its fundamental properties. Based on our theoretical findings, we cast the problem of discovering multiple CSSI relationships in a system as finding a partition of the joint outcome space. Finally, we propose a novel method, coined neural contextual decomposition (NCD), which learns such partition by imposing each set to induce CSSI via modeling a conditional distribution. We empirically demonstrate that the proposed method successfully discovers the ground truth local independence relationships in both synthetic dataset and complex system reflecting the real-world physical dynamics.N
