143 research outputs found
Measurement and restoration of the point spread function of fluorescence confocal microscopy
No full textThe point spread function of an objective lens of a fluorescence confocal microscope was directly measured by imaging fluorescent beads. We analysed how the measurement of the point spread function was influenced by the diameter of the fluorescent beads and how the restoration technique with a deconvolution algorithm improved the measuring performance. Numerical and experimental results are presented for a typical point spread function and a zero-centred point spread function.
Method for the improvement of lateral resolution in stimulated emission depletion microscopy using a pupil filter
No full textWe present a simple method to improve the lateral resolution of stimulated emission depletion microscopy. In stimulated emission depletion microscopy, a saturated zero-centred spot is usually used to achieve a high lateral resolution. Using a half-coated phase plate, a zero-centred spot was made with a narrow and steep gap at the centre. Numerical and experimental results show that by simply inserting a central obstacle as a pupil filter, it is possible to reduce the central gap of the zero-centred spot. Thus we can get a higher lateral resolution, although this sacrifices light efficiency.
A study on the optimal PPP model for transport: the case of road and rail in South Korea
No full textIn recent decades the Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been widely regarded as an innovative way to construct transport infrastructures and to improve the quality of service. As the number of PPP cases has increased, many countries have tried to standardise PPP models to minimise the costs of trial and error. South Korea, where 426 PPP projects have been undertaken since 1994, usually preferred the BTO (Build-Transfer-Operate) model for transport. In the BTO model, the private sector recoups its investment by charging end users directly and hence should bear the traffic demand risk. However, the Korean Government shared the demand risk through a minimum revenue guarantee to induce private sector involvement, and this led to many criticisms of the BTO model. Tariffs in the BTO case were much higher than those of public operators, but the Government still had to pay large amounts of guaranteed revenue. Thus, BTL (Build-Transfer-Lease), where the demand risk is on the public sector, has become an alternative model. The BTL is the “service sold to the public sector” model which is similar to the DBFO (Design-Build-Finance-Operate) in the UK. This thesis examines which of the BTO and the BTL PPP models is optimal to save governmental expenditure for transport infrastructures such as road and rail. Appropriate traffic demand risk sharing, which a particularly controversial issue in South Korea, is explored. These research objectives are examined through five case studies: the Incheon Airport Expressway and the Oksan-Ochang Expressway cases for road PPP; the Incheon Airport Railway, the Daegok-Sosa Railway and the Seoul Metro 9 cases for rail PPP. Through a detailed literature review and five case studies, the thesis shows that the optimal PPP model, which is measured by the VFM (Value for Money) assessment, needs to satisfy the interests of public sector, private sector, and end users. Based on these assessments and including these three viewpoints, it is concluded that the optimal PPP model for road can be the BTL where the public sector can save expenditure or reduce the level of tariff. Traffic demand risk for roads is relatively low, so the public sector does not have to transfer it to the private sector with high profit rate. In the case of rail, the limited revenue and high cost make a project difficult to be financially free standing by the BTO model. However, the BTO can be a better option in urban rail if traffic demand risk is shared appropriately
A Philosophical Approach to Project Management: Project as a Phenomenon and the Case of Incheon Bridge
No full textAbstractProject as an object of project management inevitably conceives a certain end goal to attain, which represents human dreams, hopes, and visions for the future. This paper attempts to offer a philosophical interpretation of project as a phenomenon that is open toward changeable and uncertain time and space that allows creative human intervention from the moment of its conception through its realization. A case study of Incheon Bridge, a national project in Incheon, South Korea, will elucidate how the phenomenal understanding of project can help project management create a sustainable source of future profits.In the first half of the paper, I will articulate a philosophical interpretation of project as a phenomenon. First, project will be conceived and situated within the world of phenomena that originate from the human mind. Secondly, the benefits of interchange between philosophy and project management studies will be shown to extend our understanding of various realms of human life including politics, economics, society, culture, diplomacy, and education. Ultimately, recasting project as a phenomenon will help broaden the conceptual reach of project management as a general process of realizing human dreams.In the second half of the paper, I will substantiate my conceptual argument with a case study of Incheon Bridge, an internationally acclaimed PM case. The success of Incheon Bridge project owes to the mechanism of translating a philosophical understanding of project as a phenomenon into a concrete matrix of numeric, which helped transparently visualize the whole PM process and further transform Incheon Bridge as a sustainable source of future profits
Incheon Chinatown: Cultural Heritage of this Korea\u27s First Chinatown
No full textEstablished around 1884, Incheon Chinatown is Korea’s first Chinatown. While it has been centuries’ old, it does not fall into a normal condition of old fashioned Chinese community. Rather, it has been highly acclaimed for its presentations of tourist attractions and cultural heritage. It has also been unfortunately labelled as a Chinatown without Chinese. The author has a keen interest in Chinatown development around the world, so a personal visit was made to experience how elements of ethnicity are in action in this Chinese communit
Philodina haejooni Song & Lee 2022, n. sp.
No full textPhilodina haejooni n. sp. Figures 3 and 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 52D619D8-E10B-4FA7-9993-08C7B3CD1A5D Holotype and paratypes. On permanent slides, deposited in the collection of the National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea (holotype: NIBRIV0000862827; two paratypes: NIBRIV0000862828 and NIBRIV0000862829). Type locality. Hwansangsup gotjawal, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju-si, Jejuteukbyeoljachi-do, Korea. GPS coordinates based on WGS84 datum 33°19’21.5”N / 126°15’48.0”E. Material. Six specimens sorted out from leaf litter, collected by Min Ok Song and Chang-Ho Lee on 12 August, 2019. Differential diagnosis. This new species is easily distinguished from its congeners by the leaf margin-shaped longitudinal ridges on trunk. The margins of these longitudinal ridges are slightly expanded, lobed, sinuate, and sometimes bluntly pointed. Even though the trunk of Philodina haejooni n. sp. is lightly granulated, the lobed and sinuate parts of the longitudinal ridges are not from the compaction of the granules on trunk, but from the slight expansion of the margins. The genus Philodina has several species/subspecies with highly granulated trunk such as P. corrugata, P. clypeata Song & Lee, 2020, P. rugosa rugosa Bryce, 1903 and its two other subspecies, P. r. coriacea Bryce, 1903 and P. r. callosa Bryce, 1903, P. scabra Milne, 1916, and P. verrucosa Song & Lee, 2020. None of these Philodina species has leaf margin-shaped longitudinal ridges on trunk like those P. haejooni n. sp. has. The other important diagnostic characteristics of this new species include the lateral expansions of cingulum as well as the extended lateral folds on each side of the pseudosegment bearing dorsal antenna in feeding. Description. No eyespots. Body lightly granulated. Rostral lamella bilobed and very short; narrower than rostrum width; with tufts of cilia posterolaterally. Rostrum round and slightly shorter than its width. Corona wider than cingulum; the ratio of corona width to cingulum width about 1.12: 1–1.13: 1. Sulcus as wide as pedicel width. Upper lip arched and bilobed medially; as high as sulcus base; much lower than trochal discs. Cingulum extended laterally; each extension short and round laterally; cingulum slightly wider than cingulum pad; the ratio of cingulum width to cingulum pad width about 1.10: 1–1.11: 1. Antenna short. Two extended lateral folds on either side of pseudosegment bearing antenna in feeding. Teeth 3/3. Pharyngeal tube much shorter than trophi length. Longitudinal ridge on trunk slightly expanded and leaf margin-shaped; margins lobed, sinuate, and sometimes bluntly pointed. Rump gradually tapering to foot; preanal pseudosegment plump posteriorly; anal pseudosegment round medially. Foot very short and with four pseudosegments; the ratio of total body length in creeping to foot length about 8.4: 1. Spurs long, finger-shaped, thin and with wide interspace; slightly plump medially; lateral margins of spurs tapering to dull and knobbed ends; interspace width slightly wider than spur length; the ratio of interspace width to spur length about 1.3: 1. Egg oval and with smooth surface. Measurements. Total length in creeping 180–194 μm. Total length in feeding 130–140 μm. Rostrum length 18 μm. Corona width 40–45 μm. Cingulum width 36–40 μm. Cingulum pad width 32–36 μm. Antenna length 14–18 μm. Greatest neck width in creeping 34–35 μm. Greatest trunk width in creeping 36–44 μm. Greatest trunk width in feeding 45–56 μm. Spur length 6–10 μm. Distribution. This new species is known only from its type locality. Etymology. This new species is named after authors’ son, Hae-Joon Lee.Published as part of Song, Min Ok & Lee, Chang-Ho, 2022, Descriptions of Philodinavus koreanus n. sp. and two new species of Philodina (Rotifera, Bdelloidea) from Korea, pp. 399-411 in Zootaxa 5129 (3) on pages 404-406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/650119
Bradyscela hoonsooi Song & Min, 2015, new species
No full textBradyscela hoonsooi new species Figures 1 and 2 Holotype and paratypes. In permanent slides, deposited in the collection of the National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea (holotype: KOSPIV0000192577; two paratypes: KOSPIV0000192578, and KOSPIV0000192579). Specimens isolated from mosses growing on a tree trunk at Wanggok-ri, collected by Min Ok Song. Type material is further fixed with 4 % formalin after boiling water fixation (Pennak 1978), and preserved in 100 % glycerin (Stemberger 1979). Type locality. Wanggok-ri, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea. GPS 38 ° 22 ’ 48.46 ” N / 128 ° 28 ’ 2.78 ” E Material. Five specimens found in mosses growing on a tree trunk at Wanggok-ri, Goseong-gun, Gangwondo. Differential diagnosis. In the genus Bradyscela, only two species, B. clauda (Bryce, 1893) and B. granulosa De Koning, 1947, have previously been described. B. hoonsooi n. sp. seems to be more morphologically similar to B. clauda than to B. granulosa. B. clauda and B. hoonsooi n. sp. have numerous papillae surrounding the posterior margin of the second foot pseudosegment, whereas B. granulosa has two very small spurs, which are usually hidden inside the U-shaped swollen part of the second foot pseudosegment. B. hoonsooi n. sp. can be distinguished from B. clauda by the following morphological characteristics: (1) the number of teeth on the outer margin of the rake apparatus; and (2) the number and shape of papillae around the posterior margin of the second foot pseudosegment. B. hoonsooi n. sp. has four teeth on the outer margin of the rake apparatus, whereas B. clauda has six; B. hoonsooi n. sp. has approximately 42 thin papillae, two thin and knobby papillae, and two thick paddleshaped papillae, whereas B. clauda has approximately 21 short and round-ended papillae and two inverted triangleshaped papillae; and the majority of papillae in B. hoonsooi n. sp. are thinner and much longer than those of B. clauda. Description. Body reddish, highly granulated, and vermiform. Rostral lamella trilobed with auricle-like lateral lobes; each lateral lobe very thin and hexagonal in frontal view; median lobe with variable shapes depending on head movement (flat, arched, or slightly bilobed). Head wider than its length when rake apparatus fully opened, and slightly narrower than maximum body width in creeping. Rake apparatus with four teeth on outer margin and one tooth inside; each corner of outer margin of rake apparatus triangular, variable in shape, from a dull angle to a sharp process depending on the degree of retraction or expansion of the rake apparatus during its grasping action (Fig. 1 b). Dental formula 2 / 2. Pharyngeal tube as long as trophi length. Foot very short, barely extended fully, and with three pseudosegments; posterior margin of second pseudosegment surrounded by approximately 42 thin papillae, and with two thin and round-ended papillae on each ventrolateral corner, and two large paddle-shaped papillae on each dorsolateral corner. Three toes very short, thick, and blunt. Measurements. Total length 200–210 µm. Greatest trunk width 45–50 µm. Rostral lamellae width 21–22 µm. Distribution. The new species is known only from its type locality. Etymology. The species is named after the late Dr. Hoon Soo Kim, Professor Emeritus of the Department of Zoology at Seoul National University, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to invertebrate taxonomy in Korea, as well as his excellent mentoring during the authors’ graduate studies.Published as part of Song, Min Ok & Min, Gi-Sik, 2015, A new species and ten new records of bdelloid rotifers from Korea, pp. 211-227 in Zootaxa 3964 (2) on pages 213-215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3964.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/24542
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