22,444 research outputs found
The study of Lu Fu in the early Song Dynasty
No full text碩士一、研究目的：
本文擬從歷代賦學審美意識中，觀看宋初律賦的內容。包括破題、音律、對偶，以及影響宋初律賦主題的因素。
二、研究範圍：
時間上，由宋太祖趙匡胤陳橋兵變，建年號建隆元年（960）開始，歷太宗、真宗，至宋仁宗親政的明道元年（1032）止，作為本文時間的依據。
文本的選擇，此時期文士所撰寫的律賦，無論是應制之作、科舉考試之律賦，或是習作等，都是本文討論的範圍。然本文以單篇律賦為主，吳淑著《事類賦注》一百篇雖皆屬律賦，然因其為類書，且意義獨具，當另以專書論述。
依作者生年及登進士第的順序，參閱《現存宋人著述總錄》、《全宋文》、《歷代賦彙》，共錄律賦一百一十六篇。
三、研究方法：
律賦常為後人所詬病，筆者由傳統賦學的審美觀，自漢賦、曹丕《典論‧論文》、陸機《文賦》、鍾嶸《詩品》，賦的審美意識皆與各時代的文風及流行文體或政治風氣有所相涉，至劉勰《文心雕龍‧詮賦》篇，將賦體的特色獨立，也確立了名為賦體所該擁有的價值。
將傳統的審美意識帶入律賦中，探討宋初律賦是否合乎賦的標準，便是本文所著重的。其次則是在宋代初年的政治風氣及文學風氣中，律賦何以成為科舉考試之要項。本文將由演繹方式，例舉代表宋初律賦之作家，羅列以證宋初律賦之特色。
四、研究結論：
筆者認為律賦之美，不僅是因其題下限韻，因難而巧。更難能可貴的是律賦的破題、對偶及音律之美，讀之錯落有致，更添美感。希望本文可作為拋磚引玉之效，使律賦復其文學之地位，也可由本文得知宋初律賦與唐代及後世律賦的獨特之處。Abstract:
The purpose of the study:
This study is trying to analyze the content of Lu Fu in the early Song dynasty, including its introductory, rhythm, symmetry and the theme of the verse.
The scope of the study:
The research materials are selected within four kingdoms period, Emperor Taizu, Emperor Taizong, Emperor Zhenzong and Emperor Renzong, from 960 B.C. to 1032 B.C.; and the contents are chosen from imperial examinations in former times and personal practice writing. Although this study is focusing on independent Fu, Shi Lei Fu Ju, a very important work, written by Shu Wu is a tool book consisting a hundred correlated Fu which can not be left out when discussing Fu in this study.
Total 116 Fu are picked in this study and according to Comprehensive Index of Extant Works by Song Persons, Chuan Song Wen and Li Dai Fu Lu, those pomes are listing by year of author’s birth or year that a author success in the highest imperial examinations.
Methodology:
This study makes generality comments on Lu Fu in Early Song dynasty based on traditional aesthetic and literary criticism book, for example Han Fu, A Discourse on Literature by Pi Cao, Wen Fu by Ji Lu and Shi Ping by Ron Chung. The aesthetic on Fu was changing by the literature trend and the political situation in different dynasty. Until the first work of aesthetics and also the first systematic work of literary criticism, The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragon by Xie Liu, Fu formed a unique characteristic and style of its own and became a major poetic genre.
Comparing to the former aesthetic views to look for if Lu Fu match to the traditional criterion is the key emphasis in this study. The second, this study is trying to find out why Lu fu became a main stream in the imperial examination in the Song dynasty. This research using the approach of natural deduction, brining up several famous writers to proof the magnificent features of Lu Fu.
Conclusion:
The limitation of rhyme scheme makes Lu fu very difficult to compose, but the perplexity of Lu Fu brings out the true beauty within the verse. Furthermore, when reading a Lu Fu, readers can appreciate the beautiful introductory, symmetry and rhyming pattern of it. Hoping through study, Lu Fu can be rehabilitated its reputation and status in Chinese literature history.目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 2
第二節 研究範圍 4
一、宋初律賦文本 7
二、宋初律賦作者 13
（一）、田錫 14
（二）、王禹偁 14
（三）、王曾 14
（四）、夏竦 15
（五）、范仲淹 15
（六）、宋庠 15
（七）、宋祁 15
（八）、文彥博 16
三、宋初考試制度相關資料 16
第三節 研究方法 21
第二章 賦的功能與審美要求 23
第一節 賦的功能 23
第二節 賦的審美要求 29
一、鋪采摛文 30
二、體物寫志 33
三、音律流麗 39
第三節 結語 42
第三章 律賦的形成及發展 44
第一節 律賦「新體」的特徵 44
第二節 律賦的句式 47
第三節 律賦之用韻 52
第四節 律賦之使事 56
第五節 律賦遭詬病的原因 60
第六節 結語 63
第四章 宋初律賦的特色 65
第一節 宋人賦論 66
第二節 律賦章法 72
第三節 律賦押韻 77
第四節 律賦的對偶與使事 80
第五節 結語 82
第五章 宋初律賦的內容 84
第一節 宋初律賦的內涵 84
一、田錫 84
二、王禹偁 86
三、夏竦 87
四、范仲淹 89
五、宋庠、宋祁 92
六、文彥博 93
第二節 宋初律賦的題材 94
第三節 影響律賦主題的因素 99
一、矛盾與沉潛 100
二、儒學的復興 104
三、釋道的交融 112
第四節 結語 116
第六章 結論 118
參考文獻 121學號: 695010305, 學年度: 9
Che-yin Song Li Ming-tchong Ying tsao fu che
No full textDemiéville Paul. Che-yin Song Li Ming-tchong Ying tsao fu che. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 25, 1925. pp. 213-264
Extending Temporal Logics with Data Variable Quantifications
No full textAlthough data values are available in almost every computer system, reasoning about them is a challenging task due to the huge data size or even infinite data domains. Temporal logics are the well-known specification formalisms for reactive and concurrent systems. Various extensions of temporal logics have been proposed to reason about data values, mostly in the last decade. Among them, one natural idea is to extend temporal logics with variable quantifications ranging over an infinite data domain. In this paper, we focus on the variable extensions of two widely used temporal logics, Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) and Computation Tree Logic (CTL). Grumberg, Kupferman and Sheinvald recently investigated the extension of LTL with variable quantifications. They defined the extension as formulas in the prenex normal form, that is, all the variable quantifications precede the LTL formulas. Our goal in this paper is to do a relatively complete investigation on this topic. For this purpose, we define the extensions of LTL and CTL by allowing arbitrary nestings of variable quantifications, Boolean and temporal operators (the resulting logics are called respectively variable-LTL, in brief VLTL, and variable-CTL, in brief VCTL), and identify the decidability frontiers of both the satisfiability and model checking problem. In particular, we obtain the following results: 1) Existential variable quantifiers or one single universal quantifier in the beginning already entails undecidability for the satisfiability problem of both VLTL and VCTL, 2) If only existential path quantifiers are used in VCTL, then the satisfiability problem is decidable, no matter which variable quantifiers are available. 3) For VLTL formulas with one single universal variable quantifier in the beginning, if the occurrences of the non-parameterized atomic propositions are guarded by the positive occurrences of the quantified variable, then its satisfiability problem becomes decidable. Based on these results of the satisfiability problem, we deduce the (un)decidability results of the model checking problem
Making China's greatest poet: The construction of Du Fu in the poetic culture of the Song Dynasty (960-1279)
No full textIn traditional narrative of Chinese literary history, Du Fu (712–770) is arguably the “greatest poet of China,” and it was in the Song (960–1279) that his greatness was finally recognized. This narrative naturally presumes that the real Du Fu in history is completely accessible to us, which is not necessarily true. This dissertation provides another perspective to understand Du Fu and the “greatness” of his poetry. I emphasize that the image of Du Fu that we now have is more of a persona that has been constructed from his available poetic texts. Poets in the Song Dynasty, especially those in the eleventh century, took initiative to construct this persona, and their construction of Du Fu was largely conditioned by their own literary and intellectual concerns. The entire dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 investigates how Du Fu’s poetic collection emerged. His collection, as it was compiled and edited, not only provided a platform, but also set restrictions, for the construction of Du Fu. Chapter 2 examines how Du Fu used to be remembered before his collection took form. Memory of him before the eleventh century was considerably different from his received image. The remaining chapters focus on three major aspects of Du Fu’s persona—namely his images as a poet-historian, a master of poetic craft, and a Confucian poet—to analyze how and why Du Fu was constructed as such in the Song. Song poets accepted poetry as a medium loaded with valuable information, and they thus explored Du Fu’s poetry for history; they concerned themselves with issues pertaining to poetic craft, and retrospectively looked for examples in Du Fu’s poetry as established standards; they, as scholar-officials, committed themselves to the state, and declared Du Fu as their model. In sum, Song poets provided particular readings to Du Fu’s particular poems, and claimed these readings as the result of Du Fu’s intentional production. Through interpretation of Du Fu’s surviving poems, they constructed Du Fu as China’s greatest poet
Tieya xian sheng gu yue fu : 10 juan ; Fu gu shi ji : 6 juan /
No full textWujin Dong shi song fen shi ying Ming chu kan ben.Mode of access: Internet
Seasonal changes in patterns of gene expression in avian song control brain regions
No full textPhotoperiod and hormonal cues drive dramatic seasonal changes in structure and function of the avian song control system. Little is known, however, about the patterns of gene expression associated with seasonal changes. Here we address this issue by altering the hormonal and photoperiodic conditions in seasonally-breeding Gambel's white-crowned sparrows and extracting RNA from the telencephalic song control nuclei HVC and RA across multiple time points that capture different stages of growth and regression. We chose HVC and RA because while both nuclei change in volume across seasons, the cellular mechanisms underlying these changes differ. We thus hypothesized that different genes would be expressed between HVC and RA. We tested this by using the extracted RNA to perform a cDNA microarray hybridization developed by the SoNG initiative. We then validated these results using qRT-PCR. We found that 363 genes varied by more than 1.5 fold (>log(2) 0.585) in expression in HVC and/or RA. Supporting our hypothesis, only 59 of these 363 genes were found to vary in both nuclei, while 132 gene expression changes were HVC specific and 172 were RA specific. We then assigned many of these genes to functional categories relevant to the different mechanisms underlying seasonal change in HVC and RA, including neurogenesis, apoptosis, cell growth, dendrite arborization and axonal growth, angiogenesis, endocrinology, growth factors, and electrophysiology. This revealed categorical differences in the kinds of genes regulated in HVC and RA. These results show that different molecular programs underlie seasonal changes in HVC and RA, and that gene expression is time specific across different reproductive conditions. Our results provide insights into the complex molecular pathways that underlie adult neural plasticity
The tale of Lady Tan: negotiating place between Central and local in Song-Yuan-Ming China
No full textThis paper explores the story of Lady Tan across genres from biographical record to temple inscription and marvellous tale, highlighting different representations of ‘the local’ in these stories: the loss of local belonging for some, inscribing the morals of a local community for others. Focusing on this tale, this essay argues that locality and belonging were contested constructs, especially during the Song-Yuan-Ming transitional period. Ex-ploring how literati understood themselves in relation to their localities contributes to our understanding of literati identities and the meaning of ‘the local’, in a period with ‘weak central government’, or as a repeating pattern of centralisation and localisation. It reveals the complexities in-volved in giving meaning to locality and negotiating belonging. In Ji'an prefecture, the centralising policies of the Hongwu and Yongle emperors were felt locally and affected how literati positioned themselves between central government and local community. This focus on literati writings from a single prefecture suggests that a close reading of the negotiations that form part of constructing locality and belonging in Ji'an can reveal the potential for a complex interplay between central government and local communities throughout China
Nan Song Shuzhou gong du yi jian zheng li yu yan jiu Zheng li yu yan jiu
No full textBen shu shi dui wo she yu 1990 nian chu ban de ying yin ben "Song ren yi jian" de zheng li yu yan jiu. Gai shu shi liao feng fu, she ji zheng zhi, jing ji, jun shi yi ji Song dai gong wen ge shi he shu yi, shi zhen gui de shi wu wen xian. "Song ren yi jian" fan ying le bu shao nan Song shi qi di fang guan fu ji gou she zhi he xing zheng guan li zhi du, bu chong le xu duo Song dai cai zheng, shui shou zheng ce de xin cai liao, bao liu le nan Song chu nian Jiang Huai di qu zhan bei zhuang kuang de xi jie cai liao, hai shi Song dai wen shu zhi du de zhong yao cai liao, you zhu yu Song shi yan jiu de shen ru. Zheng li ben yan jin gui fan, ge shi ming xi, ji ben huan yuan le Song jian tu ban de ben lai mian mao, ju you jiao qiang de can kao jia zh
Understanding sedimentation in the Song Hong–Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea
No full textThe Cenozoic Song Hong–Yinggehai Basin in the South China Sea contains a large volume of sediment that has been used in previous studies, together with regional geomorphology, to argue for the existence of a large palaeodrainage system that connected eastern Tibet with the South China Sea. To test this and to understand the significance of sediment volumes deposited in the Song Hong–Yinggehai Basin, this study compared erosion histories of source regions with sediment volumes deposited during the two main stages in basin evolution spanning active rifting and subsidence (30–15.5 Ma) and postrift sedimentation (15.5 Ma to present). The study of basin provenance by detrital zircon U-Pb dating revealed Hainan was an important and continuous source of sediment, and a bedrock thermochronological study quantified its overall contribution to basin sedimentation. Comparison between the accumulated mass of basin sediment and volumes of eroded bedrock, calculated from apatite thermochronometry across the modern Red River drainage in northern Vietnam as well as Hainan Island, accounted for the bulk of sediment deposited since 30 Ma. Consequently, if an expanded paleodrainage ever existed it must have predated the Oligocene
Lin-Fu Circuit 麟府路 during the Northern Song Period
No full textLin-Fu circuit was a military circuit composed of three prefectures, Linzhou 麟州, Fuzhou 府州, and Fengzhou 豐州 situated on the Northern Song border. It was a strategic point at the juncture of the borders of the Song, the Liao and the XiXia, inhabited by a mixture of various non-Han peoples. The political leaders in Lin-Fu circuit, like the Tangut Zhe 折 clansmen of Fuzhou and the Wang 王 of Fengzhou, were given positions of hereditary officials because of their local influence and their powerful clans. Furthermore, they had a hold upon many of the local tribes and pursued trade relations with them both inside and outside of the border areas. Local administration in Lin-Fu circuit was based on the initiative of these native men of influence. As extraordinary as this may seem when viewed in the context of the circuits located in the hinterland, it was actually fairly typical of the military circuits located along borders of the Northern Song
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