4,071 research outputs found
We are all ordinary people: Perceptions of class and class differences in personal relationships
No full textThis paper examines people’s perceptions of class and class differences—in general and with regard to personal relationships. Data from an original survey on personal networks (n=195) shows that most people think they are middle class, although many lower class respondents classify themselves as working class. In addition, according to respondents, most of their network members have a similar class position. Follow-up in-depth interviews with 27 respondents focus on respondents’ criteria for classification and reveal that people perceive themselves as middle class not so much because their network is class-homogeneous (and people thus fail to recognize the class hierarchy) but rather because they contrast themselves with people of higher and lower class positions, finding themselves ‘in the middle’—sometimes articulated as ‘ordinary’ or ‘average’—and thus middle class. People further recognize class hierarchy and the complexity of class, pinpointing various aspects of class. Although people were quite willing and able to classify themselves and their network members, they seem less willing to recognize a class hierarchy, stressing that people are equal, ‘downgrading’ the upper class and ‘upgrading’ network members. Finally, I suggest that class-talk is ‘classed’ itself: those who saw class only in terms of income are mostly lower-educated while those who saw class also in terms of practices and taste are mostly higher-educated. The conclusion elaborates on what this might mean for the recognition of inequality and the engagement of urban middle class with urban residents of lower class positions.Urban renewal and governanceOTB Research Institut
Zobowiązania emerytalne w ESA 2010
No full textPENSION LIABILITIES IN THE ESA 2010The aim of the research paper was to analyze the methodology of pension liabilities within the European System of Accounts ESA 2010. In order to achieve the goal, the author analyzed: i consequences of the introduction of the ESA 2010, ii methodology for pension liabilities, iii relationship between public debt and hidden public debt. The study positively verified the research hypotheses: i the ESA 2010 will have an impact on the amount of GNI and GDP — ESA 2010 introduces significant changes which in the case of Poland mean increase in GDP in 2013 by 1.6% of which 0.8% are illegal activities; ii the ESA 2010 introduces new regulations in the area of pension liabilities — new regulations in the presentation of pension liabilities draw attention to the impact of pension liabilities on public finances.PENSION LIABILITIES IN THE ESA 2010The aim of the research paper was to analyze the methodology of pension liabilities within the European System of Accounts ESA 2010. In order to achieve the goal, the author analyzed: i consequences of the introduction of the ESA 2010, ii methodology for pension liabilities, iii relationship between public debt and hidden public debt. The study positively verified the research hypotheses: i the ESA 2010 will have an impact on the amount of GNI and GDP — ESA 2010 introduces significant changes which in the case of Poland mean increase in GDP in 2013 by 1.6% of which 0.8% are illegal activities; ii the ESA 2010 introduces new regulations in the area of pension liabilities — new regulations in the presentation of pension liabilities draw attention to the impact of pension liabilities on public finances
Presentación: 8 años de la Reforma Laboral: Reflexiones y Perspectivas Críticas sobre la Lucha de Clases y la Precarización
No full textO texto introduz a 48ª edição da Revista Científica da ESA OAB SP, analisando os oito anos da Reforma Trabalhista (Lei nº 13.467/2017). O autor destaca que a reforma alterou a correlação de forças em favor do capital, promovendo uma lógica contratual privatista que esvazia a resistência do trabalhador. A edição compila 15 artigos que examinam temas como o contrato intermitente, teletrabalho, subordinação algorítmica e o acesso à justiça no cenário pós-reforma. (Recebido em: Julho de 2025 | Aceito em: Setembro de 2025)The text introduces the 48th edition of the ESA OAB SP Scientific Journal, analyzing the eight years of the Labor Reform (Law No. 13,467/2017). The author highlights that the reform shifted the balance of power in favor of capital, promoting a private contractual logic that hollows out worker resistance. The edition compiles 15 articles examining themes such as intermittent contracts, telework, algorithmic subordination, and access to justice in the post-reform scenario. (Received: July 2025 | Accepted: September 2025).El texto presenta la 48ª edición de la Revista Científica de la ESA OAB SP, analizando los ocho años de la Reforma Laboral (Ley nº 13.467/2017). El autor destaca que la reforma alteró la correlación de fuerzas a favor del capital, promoviendo una lógica contractual privatista que vacía la resistencia del trabajador. La edición compila 15 artículos que examinan temas como el contrato intermitente, el teletrabajo, la subordinación algorítmica y el acceso a la justicia en el escenario post-reforma. (Recibido: Julio de 2025 | Aceptado: Septiembre de 2025)
Combining satellite altimetry and gravimetry data to improve Antarctic mass balance and gia estimates
No full textThis study explores an approach that simultaneously estimates Antarctic mass balance and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) through the combination of satellite gravity and altimetry data sets. The results improve upon previous efforts by incorporating reprocessed data sets over a longer period of time, and now include a firn densification model to convert the altimetry volume estimates into mass. When the GIA models created from the combination approach were compared to insitu GPS ground station displacements, the vertical rates estimated showed good agreement after a systematic bias was removed from the computed GIA models. The new models suggest the potential for GIA uplift in the Amundsen Sea Sector, as well as the possible subsidence in large parts of East Antarctica.Geoscience & Remote SensingCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Economic utopia of the Torah. Economic concepts of the Hebrew Bible interpreted according to the Rabbinical Literature
No full textHebrew Bible offers alternative Economic utopia for building Theocratic society. In this paper, various economic concepts and themes are presented, as found in the Hebrew Bible. These economic concepts include taxation, property rights, labor market, social policy, banking, years of Sabbath and Jubilee, and business cycles. Most economic issues of the Bible are found in the texts of Torah, also known as five Books of Moses. These texts are analyzed by using classical Rabbinical commentaries for better insight. Contrary to the modern Economic theory which is based on the assumptions of scarcity of resources and unlimited needs of consumers, Economics of the Torah is based on God’s resources which are enough for all true needs of His people.Hebrew Bible, History of Economics, History of Economic Thought, Ancient Israel, Judaism
IMPROVING THE SKILL AND THE INTEREST OF WRITING ADVERTISEMENTS AND POSTERS THROUGH ESA SEQUENCE
No full textThe action reserach aims at improving the students’ writing skill especially to write advertsements and posters. Both are the short functional texts to be learned at the second semester. According to the data on pre cycle, the students of second semester got difficulties to write advertisements and posters. A treatment was necessary to help the students overcome their problem. To consider the related literature, the writer decided to implement ESA sequence (Harmer 2001) in the class. The elements of teaching in ESA Sequence are Engage (to arouse the students’ interests), Study (learn the language focus), and Activate (use the language freely and communicatively). The data were taken from the test of the linguistic competence mastery, the students writing, and the questionnaire. The students’ linguistic competence got increased as shown by the score (58 in pre-cycle, 66 in cycle 1, and 70 in cycle 2). The students’ ability to write the short functional texts also get improved as indicated by the average score on writing tasks (53 in pre-cycle, 63 in cycle 1, 72 in cycle 2). The interest also gets better as shown by the score of the questionnaire (22,3 in pre-cycle, 33,5 in cycle 1, and 37 in cycle 2). It means ESA Sequence can improve the studets’ ability to write advertisements and posters.Key words : advertisement, ESA (Engange Study Activate), poster</p
Detecting life outside our solar system with a large high-contrast-imaging mission
No full textIn this White Paper, which was submitted in response to the European Space Agency (ESA) Voyage 2050 Call, we recommend the ESA plays a proactive role in developing a global collaborative effort to construct a large high-contrast imaging space telescope, e.g. as currently under study by NASA. Such a mission will be needed to characterize a sizable sample of temperate Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of nearby Sun-like stars and to search for extraterrestrial biological activity. We provide an overview of relevant European expertise, and advocate ESA to start a technology development program towards detecting life outside the Solar System. © 2021, The Author(s).Astrodynamics & Space Mission
Linear Shrinkage of Sample Covariance Matrix or Matrices Under Elliptical Distributions: A Review
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.This chapter reviews methods for linear shrinkage of the sample covariance matrix (SCM) and matrices (SCM-s) under elliptical distributions in single and multiple populations settings, respectively. In the single sample setting a popular linear shrinkage estimator is defined as a linear combination of the sample covariance matrix (SCM) with a scaled identity matrix. The optimal shrinkage coefficients minimizing the mean-squared error (MSE) under elliptical sampling are shown to be functions of few key parameters only, such as elliptical kurtosis and sphericity parameter. Similar results and estimators are derived for multiple population settings and applications of the studied shrinkage estimators are illustrated in portfolio optimization.Peer reviewe
Radar time series analysis over West Anatolia
No full textInterseismic tectonic motion manifests itself as a long (10’s to 100’s km) wavelength signal. The magnitude and the extent of the signal is crucial to understand kinematics of the crustal motion. For two decades, GPS measurements have been the main source of information for observing such a signal. In this study we use Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) observations, which provides better spatial resolution, to monitor tectonic signal overWest Anatolia. The region is characterized by horstgraben morphology which is controlled by oblique-slip normal faults. The faults cause an extension circa 25-30 mm/yr in NE-SW direction as observed by sparse GPS network measurements. In our analysis, we have used 42 ERS images acquired between 1992 and 2001 years. We have identified coherent interferograms which would reduce the noise level in the rural areas leading to increased point density. Finally we compare our PSI results with two other GPS studies within the region. The modeled interseismic signal from a recent GPS study ([1]) agrees with the one modeled from that of PSI observations in trend direction.Mathematical Geodesy and Positionin
Author contributions to ecological publications: What does it mean to be an author in modern ecological research?
No full textAuthorship is a central element of scientific research carrying a variety of rewards and responsibilities, and while various guidelines exist, actual author contributions are often ambiguous. Inconsistent or limited contributions threaten to devalue authorship as intellectual currency and diminish authors' responsibility for published content. Researchers have assessed author contributions in the medical literature and other research fields, but similar data for the field of ecological research are lacking. Authorship practices in ecological research are broadly representative of a variety of fields due to the cross-disciplinary nature of collaborations in ecological studies. To better understand author contributions to current research, we distributed a survey regarding co-author contributions to a random selection of 996 lead authors of manuscripts published in ecological journals in 2010. We obtained useable responses from 45% of surveyed authors. Reported lead author contributions in ecological research studies consistently included conception of the project idea, data collection, analysis, and writing. Middle and last author contributions instead showed a high level of individual variability. Lead authorship in ecology is well defined while secondary authorship is more ambiguous. Nearly half (48%) of all studies included in our survey had some level of non-compliance with Ecological Society of America (ESA) authorship guidelines and the majority of studies (78%) contained at least one co-author that did not meet International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) requirements. Incidence of non-compliance varied with lead author occupation and author position. The probability of a study including an author that was non-compliant with ESA guidelines was lowest for professor-led studies and highest for graduate student and post doctoral researcher-led studies. Among studies with > two co-authors, all lead authors met ESA guidelines and only 2% failed to meet ICMJE requirements. Middle (24% ESA, 63% ICMJE) and last (37% ESA, 60% ICMJE) authors had higher rates of non-compliance. The probability of a study containing a co-author that did not meet ESA or ICMJE requirements increased significantly with the number of co-authors per study although even studies with only two co-authors had a high probability of non-compliance of approximately 60% (ICMJE) and 15 to 40% (ESA). Given the variable and often limited contributions of authors in our survey and past studies of other research disciplines, institutions, journals, and scientific societies need to implement new approaches to instill meaning in authorship status. A byline approach may not alter author contributions but would better define individual contributions and reduce existing ambiguity regarding the meaning of authorship in modern ecological research
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