1,721,019 research outputs found

    Les privilèges plutôt que l'orthodoxie: l'Inquisition à Malte et sa lutte pour le pouvoir pendant la Contre-Réforme

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    The theme of the Counter-Reformation was among the most debated by European historiography in the second half of the 20th century. Historians have argued how the Roman Church managed to overcome the deep crisis of the early sixteenth century by proposing a new model of Christian, who must be orthodox, educated, purified and more attentive to the evangelical mission. The article aims to partially deconstruct this classical thesis, by discussing largely unpublished documentation from the Congregation of the Holy Office. The proposed case is that of the Inquisition of Malta, where there was one of the most important tribunals of this ecclesiastic institution. The analysis of the documents shows how the inquisitors, in agreement with the Inquisitorial Congregation, spent most of their time protecting their collaborators, who were very often criminals, not orthodox, offenders of the orthopraxy and contrary to morality. The Holy Office used its large staff to challenge the authority of civil and religious institutions, by guaranteeing to the employees extraordinary fiscal, judicial, military, political and spiritual privileges. Paradoxically, as the Maltese example testifies, the inquisitors often became an obstacle for the discipline proposed at the Council of Trent, by protecting their collaborators and their privileges

    The Merchant of Padua? The Doctorate of Roderigo Lopez and its Importance for the Shakespearean Shylock

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    The essay critically discusses the graduation report of Roderigo Lopez, a Portuguese student proclaimed artium et medicinae doctor at the Paduan Studium in 1559. The meticulous analysis of the document and the reconstruction of the social, political, scientific and academic context of the time, allows us to recognize a celebrity of the 16th century in the Lusitanian student Roger Lopez (1517/1525-1594). He was personal physician of Elizabeth I of England and an important intermediary between the last court of the Tudors, Portugal and Spain of Philip II; he was finally sentenced to death by quartering. Shakespearean scholars believe that the poet was inspired by Lopez personal tragedy to outline the figure of Shylock, the Jew of the Merchant of Venice (about 1596-1598). The article proposes the thesis according to which the Paduan student is the future Elizabethan doctor, as many biographical information and some aspects of the English literary masterpiece seem to confirm. This would finally explain what prompted the Portuguese to move to England, how he was able to make such a prestigious career and to enjoy such a vast credit at court, and why he was executed. That was a complex story in which Francis Walsingham’s stay in Padua and Lopez’s real adherence to Judaism could have played a decisive role. The true archetype of Shylock could therefore have been a «Paduan» doctor

    La società dell'Inquisizione: uomini, tribunali e pratiche del Sant'Uffizio romano

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    Come funzionò davvero l’Inquisizione romana, al di là della leggenda nera che ne ha connotato l’immagine sin dall’epoca moderna? Chi furono gli uomini che la governarono e favorirono? Quali gli assetti istituzionali e le pratiche sociali che ne sostennero l’azione repressiva? Il volume ricostruisce l’attività ordinaria del Sant’Uffizio con particolare attenzione alla penisola italiana, dove operò a lungo un’autentica “società inquisitoriale”, composta non soltanto da giudici di fede, ma anche da consultori, avvocati, carcerieri e da centinaia di altri collaboratori, uomini che, in cambio di ampi privilegi, permisero al tribunale di controllare l’ortodossia, la moralità e il pensiero dei fedeli fino alle soglie della contemporaneità
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