981 research outputs found
An Analysis of Microplastics Ingested by the Mediterranean Detritivore Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) Sheds Light on Patterns of Contaminant Distribution in Different Marine Areas
No full textMicroplastic pollution constitutes a serious environmental problem that requires more effective scientific research to describe its potential impacts on marine fauna. The interaction between microplastics and marine biota can have significant negative effects through the trophic chain, up to human health. To date, several steps forward have been made in our understanding of this phenomenon; however, large knowledge gaps still exist for several taxa and areas. In particular, the pattern of spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in marine sediments and their interaction with benthic detritivore species still needs to be addressed. The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most impacted areas of the world, and its biota is deeply affected by microplastic pollution. To investigate the effects of the presence of microplastics in the sediments in this area, the echinoderm Holothuria tubulosa was chosen as a model species, and specimens were collected along the Salento peninsula in Apulia, Southern Italy. This peculiar geographic area extends between two ecoregions of the Mediterranean Sea, the Northern Ionian and the Southern Adriatic seas, characterized by peculiar and distinct currents and submarine topologies, resulting in a complex and dynamic ecosystem affected by seasonal fluctuations that make the Salento peninsula an interesting natural laboratory for predictions of future dispersion events on a wider scale. Microplastics were analyzed by investigating the gut contents of H. tubulosa individuals, and the SEM/EDX method was used to confirm the plastic material extracted. Results revealed microplastics in all the specimens analyzed and with a homogeneous pattern of distribution in time and some differences in space, suggesting that the presence of this anthropogenic material is constant throughout the year and its quantity is only slightly affected by the level of conservation and management strategies characterizing the sampling sites
Billboards. Two projects by Maurizio Montagna
No full textArchitecture, city, device, time: all of these issues are taken into account by the Milanese photographer Maurizio Montagna. A keen interpretation of places in their anthropic and cultural transformation emerges from all his works. This article aims to focus on two different projects, Billboards 2008 and Billboards site-specific Latronico 2018, in which the author reflects on the relationship among the object, the subject and the context/landscape where they belong
The scientific achievements of Anna Maurizio
No full textOn the occasion of Anna Maurizio's retirement, O Morgenthaler (1966) gave a description of her professional career. After entering the Federal Station of Dairy and Bacteriology in Liebefeld-Bern in 1928, A Maurizio published her first papers on mycology of honeybees (1934-1935). Trained in botany, entomology and microscopic studies, she was plainly destined to take charge of honey pollen analysis and rapidly understood the advantages to be gained by a knowledge of pollen. She initiated the Bienenbotanik concept and wrote : "The concept of Bienenbotanik (bee botany) comprises the relations of the honeybees with their plant environment. To this field belong first of all bee plants (secretion of nectar, collection of nectar, production and collection of pollen), poisoning of honeybees by plants, microscopy of honey and pollen and also the relation of apiculture and agriculture. Connected with Bienenbotanik in a larger sense is also research about honeydew, use of pollen by the bee colony, physiology of the nutrition and poisoning by phytosanitary products" (Maurizio, 1960c). If pollination is disregarded, a field she hardly broached, at least one original contribution can be found for each of the great themes in the total of her publications. The pollen analysis of honeys was the initial theme. This field of research began with a publication by Pfister (1895), which was used by laboratories to verify the geographical origin of honeys; however, it remained entirely empirical. In 1935, Zander published a manual with a modern approach; the research of A Maurizio continued the work of Zander by completing it and giving it a new dimension with the introduction of the notion of typology. Typology of honeys. The theme of the typology of honeys has resulted in a long series of publications from 1936 until the present day. Honeys from a determined geographic or ecologic zone are described with the aim of determining the palynological essentials. The pollen spectrum of a certain honey forms the link between honeybee activity and the surroundings. This research led the author to start questioning all existing methodology of pollen analysis. Methodology. The first very important contribution (Maurizio, 1939) was a new approach to quantitative pollen analysis. The new method opened the door to the investigation of monofloral honeys which was to be continued for more than 20 years. The body of publications on this theme contribute considerably to the knowledge of melliferous flora, especially that in Europe. On the basis of this know-ledge, Méthodes de la Melissopalynologie (Louveaux et al, 1950) was edited within the framework of the activities of the International Commission of Bee Botany. Maurizio was the founder and the first president of this commission (Maurizio 1975b). Mellissopalynological observations. These consist of 19 short communications which were published between 1938 and 1963 (see annex). They deserve to be regrouped for their precise and efficacious approach to a mellissopalynological enigma. Poisoning of honeybees by plants. The bibliography on this subject is already extensive (Maurizio, 1945b). The personal research of A Maurizio concerns Ranunculus (crowsfoot), lime, and horse chestnut. Methods for maintaining worker bees in cages in the laboratory were developed during identification studies on toxic substances contained in the pollen. This research was the starting point for studies on the physiology of honeybee nutrition which began with the research on mellissopalynology. A number of publications followed, mainly as a result of the discovery of the connection between longevity of worker bees and nutrition (Maurizio, 1950-1954a). Collection of pollen. A Maurizio was able to study the returns with the aid of the "pollen trap". She was particularly interested in "mixed" pollen loads containing pollen grains from 2 or more different plant species. The percentage of these pollen loads varies and seems to be higher when the colony is in a difficult situation. Pesticides and poisonous gases. The diagnosis of honeybee poisoning by pesticides and gases emitted by the chemical industry became a major challenge for the Liebefeld laboratory : methods for calculating lethal doses were elaborated, and the problem of fluor emissions by aluminium factories was specifically studied. Chromatography. At the beginning of the 1950s paper chromatography of sugars was used in the laboratories which analyzed honey. A Maurizio introduced this method to complement pollen analysis. As a result of the new technique, considerable progress was made in the analysis of monofloral honeys. Due to the possibility of analyzing very small quantities, parallel studies of nectar became feasible. From the nectar to the bee and finally to the honey, sugar chromatography showed all the transformations of the original material; and honeydew was not forgotten. Nectar secretion. A Maurizio was very interested in polyploid plants : fodder plants or ornamental flowers visited by honeybees. Polyploidy causes changes in quantity and quality of the secreted nectar, but not in all cases with obvious advantage for honeybees. A Maurizio and plant physiology specialists were able to study the functioning of the nectaries, site of important enzymatic activities. In conclusion, it can be said that the scientific work of Anna Maurizio is a mine of information — both facts and methodology — which will provide knowledge for many years to come. Her contribution to changing pollen analysis of honeys from the empiricism of the beginning of the century to a modern scientific discipline, mellissopalynology, has also been a great value to apiology
La grammatologie comme science positive : Maurizio Ferraris lecteur de Derrida
No full textGramatology as a positive science: Maurizio Ferrari\u27s Derrida Reception
Maurizio Ferraris is developing a realist ontology that severely criticizes the main theses of postmodernity for philosophical, ethical, and political reasons. Paradoxically, however, Derrida plays an important role in his thinking. By distinguishing natural objects from ideal objects and, ultimately, from social objects, the author shows that, rather than a criticism of Derrida, Ferraris’ realist ontology aims to limit Derridean thought to the field of social objects, which are above all written and inscribed objects. Through arche-writing and the theory of the trace, Ferraris demonstrates that writing carries the social, because the trace exists only insofar as it is recognized and therefore in a relation. In this way, Derrida\u27s philosophy finds itself at the heart of a field from which we might have thought it had been excluded: contemporary realist ontology
Trabajo, vida y biopolítica en la obra de Maurizio Lazzarato
No full textThis writing seeks to examine the way in which Maurizio Lazzarato elaborates the
problem of labor and, with it, the notions of production and life between 1990 and 2006
in the light of the concept of biopolitics. To do this, first, I will analize the way in which,
taking up some problems exposed by italian autonomism, the author introduces the
need to rethink the notion of labor, elaborating, with Antonio Negri, the concept of
immaterial labor. Then, I will move forward towards the twists that the author makes
in the foucauldian concepts of life and biopolitics, incorporating contributions from
Gabriel Tarde, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, to account for contemporary modes of
production and extraction of value.El presente escrito busca examinar el modo en que Maurizio Lazzarato elabora el problema del trabajo y, con este, las nociones de producción y vida entre 1990 y 2006 a la luz del concepto de biopolítica. Para ello, en primera instancia, se analizará la manera en que, retomando algunos problemas expuestos por el operaísmo italiano, el autor introduce la necesidad de repensar la noción de trabajo elaborando, junto con Antonio Negri, el concepto de trabajo inmaterial. Luego, se avanzará hacia las torsiones que el autor realiza en los conceptos de vida y biopolítica foucaultianos, incorporando aportes de Gabriel Tarde, Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari, para dar cuenta de los modos de producción y extracción de valor contemporáneos
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Prophets, resurgences, and the truth: in discussion with Maurizio Viroli’s Prophetic Times
No full textMaurizio Viroli’s Prophetic Times: Visions of Emancipation in the History of Italy (2023) is the latest in a long list of outstanding works on Italian intellectual history that the scholar has published in the course of his career. Many of these works address one of the key issues posed by Machiavelli, an author to whom Viroli has dedicated the greater part of his intellectual endeavours: Italy “seems born to resuscitate dead things
Correction to: Thinking embodiment with genetics: epigenetics and postgenomic biology in embodied cognition and enactivism (Synthese, (2020), 10.1007/s11229-020-02748-3)
No full textThe article Thinking embodiment with genetics: epigenetics and postgenomic biology in embodied cognition and enactivism, written by Maurizio Meloni and Jack Reynolds, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 18 June 2020 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on 6 November 2020 to ©The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution
Urban Land: An Annotated Bibliography for Developing Countries, 1999-2003
No full textIn this book, the author has found 612 works inEnglish, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian published between 1999 and 2000. The book is the output of a wide survey achieved with the help of agronomists, economists, geographers, jurists, geomatic experts, sociologists, and urban planners from 15 countries. Three indexes allow the identification of the works by country (66), city (126), subject (147), author (673). The introduction offers an overview of this literatur
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