50 research outputs found
Utilization of Water Chestnut (Trapa Natans) Flour in the Formulation of Muffins.
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Chemical Composition of Water Chestnut (Trapa Natans) Flour and its Application in Bakery Product.
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Experiences and Perceptions of Economically Marginalised Women Food Vendors: An Exploratory Study of Informal Food Traders in Durban, South Africa.
No full textExperiences and Perceptions of Economically Marginalized Women Food Vendors: An Exploratory Study of Informal Food Traders in Durban, South Africa.Introduction Informal economies within developing states have become a norm for many societies. It has been estimated that the majority of workers earn their livelihoods the informal way and statistics have indicated that informal employment comprises more than 50% of non-agricultural employment globally. In some regions in South Asia, informal employment is at a rate of 82% and within sub-Saharan African countries it is on a continual increase (Mkhize, Dube, & Skinner, 2013). In South Africa the mainstream economy has been unable to provide sufficient employment opportunities – for youth in particular, and people seeking work more generally. Corresponding author: Sheetal Bhoola ([email protected]). Abstract Informal food vending has grown as a form of employment in South Africa’s cities and rural districts, particularly post 1994. For many, participating in informal food vending is the only option to earn a livelihood. The aim of this study was to describe the conditions of women who live on the margins of society and struggle as informal food vendors. Through purposive sampling, 12 qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with black African women in the Durban central business district. Findings show the majority of participants lack support from their male spouses despite the labour intensive work that they are forced to do. Unorthodox cooking skills are required to prepare meals for customers and efficiency in production and marketing is required because the sales contribute to family livelihoods. Findings highlight the abuse and exploitation these vendors are exposed to by unscrupulous municipal officials and the lack of municipal and organized labour assistance to address their economic marginalization and social repression. This study highlights the challenges that these women face in the informal economy and their negative perceptions of civic organizations in Durban, South Africa
Revenue-productive income tax structures and tax reforms in emerging market economies - evidence from Bulgaria
No full textUsing a household budget survey for 1992, The author shows the poor revenue performance and distributional impact of Bulgaria's personal income tax system. He explores the implications for revenue and income distribution of two alternative tax systems - a flat tax and a progressive but simpler three-brackets tax system. He demonstrates that simpler tax structures with lower tax rates could achieve at least equal revenue and distributional objectives and are superior in terms of efficiency and equity. (The findings are robust when Bulgaria's significant tax evasion is included). But tax changes since 1992 have, if anything, moved Bulgaria even further from a simple income tax system: the number of rates and brackets increased from 7 to 10, and the levels of exemption remain unchanged. (Complex, higher rates complicate administration and enforcement and provide incentives for tax evasions. And in the alternative systems the author explores, the poor are protected with higher exemptions.) Fortunately, the country's personal income tax structure began to move toward less nominal progressivity after Bulgaria's 1997 tax reform program. The tax rate in thetop income bracket was reduced from 52 percent to 40 percent, the number of tax brackets was halved, and the exemption level was increased 20 percent (reducing tax burdens on the poor).Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Regional Governance,Tax Policy and Administration,Economic Theory&Research,Governance Indicators,Economic Theory&Research,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Tax Policy and Administration
The Copyright- Design Conundrum: An Inquiry into the Efficacy of Sui Generis Design Laws
No full textThere exists a legal gulf separating copyright from industrial design in that these laws appear to be protecting different kinds of subject matter. While copyright law protects pure artistic works such as paintings and sculptures, design law purports to protect artistic works that are industrially applied to mass-produced goods. Copyright law refuses to protect designs that are applied to mass-produced goods and this is the line separating copyright from design. The normative assumption remains that a sui generis design law effectively protects all designs. This thesis aims to establish that in many cases copyright and design protect similar subject matter and, more importantly, challenges the notion that a piece of art must lose the status of a work, and the designer the status of an author merely because the artistic work has been industrially applied.LL.M
Investigation Of an Epidemic of Hepatitis in Ahmedabad City
No full textThis study explores geographic distribution, clinical profile of Hepatitis cases and confirms the strain serologically. The investigation was conducted by the rapid response team of the Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College in the Hirawadi area of North Zone of Ahmedabad following reporting increased numbers and clustering of jaundice cases during routine survey by the link and health workers of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. Re-survey of the affected area was carried out and occurrence of new cases in the areas was noted along with collection of blood samples. Assessment of water distribution system and correction of faults was carried out simultaneously by the engineering department of AMC. A total of 377 houses were surveyed and it had total population of 2039. Total jaundice cases reported were 94. Age profile was assessed among the population of 1245 and the age cut-off was taken as 12 years so as to make epidemiological distinction between two types of water borne Hepatitis based on the survey data before the reports of laboratory are available. Sex wise distribution of population and cases showed male preponderance. Overall ratio of jaundice cases among 12 years age category was 1:15.25. Households having turbid water supply had significantly a greater number of cases. Overall attack rate was 5.22% with significantly higher attack rate in population over 12 years. Total 44 blood samples were taken and 33 (75%) of samples were positive for Hepatitis E whereas 5 (11%) samples were positive for both hepatitis A and E. HEV was confirmed as the major etiological agent in this outbreak and contaminated drinking water was identified as the source of infection
Death Audit of Deaths Due to Malaria at Lg Hospital, Ahmedabad (Gujarat) During the Year 2011
No full textContext: Approximately half of the world's population is at risk of malaria. Understanding of profile of deaths due to malaria can help in appropriate and early management of cases and thereby reducing mortality in future.
Aims: To study the seasonal pattern, profile, survival period, symptoms, signs, and complications, treatment details of malaria death cases and study the facilities for management.
Materials and Methods: Information about deaths due to malaria was procured from the indoor case papers of cases from the medical record department of LG hospital from January 2011 to December 2011 and subsequently analysis was done using appropriate statistical software.
Results: A total of 32 malaria deaths occurred in the above mentioned period. Overall CFR was 3.4% for indoor malaria cases. Mean age of cases was 42.23 years. There were 53.1% of patients falling in the age group 50 years and above. Out of total deaths, 59.37% were males and 40.63% were females. Twenty (62.5%) cases were positive for Plasmodium falciparum, 8 (25%) case for Plasmodium vivax, and 4 (12.5%) case were having mixed infection. Median survival period was 23.5 hours. The most common presenting symptom was intermittent fever and altered sensorium. All cases were given treatment as per guidelines of National drug Policy on Malaria (2010) immediately after diagnosis. Facility survey revealed all facilities as per recommendation under NVBDCP.
Conclusions: Malaria still remains one of the important causes of admission and mortality. Early identification and referral of complicated malaria cases from community to higher health care facilities can reduce the mortality
