632 research outputs found
Quantum communication with time-bin entanglement over a wavelength-multiplexed fiber network
No full textIn a quantum network involving multiple communicating parties, an important goal is to establish high-quality pairwise entanglement among the users without introducing multiple entangled-photon sources which would necessarily complicate the overall network setup. Moreover, it is preferable that the pairwise entanglement of photons is in the time-bin degree of freedom as the photonic time-bin qubit is ideally suited for fiber-optic distribution. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of a field-deployable quantum communication network involving multiple users, all of whom share pairwise entanglement in the time-bin degree of freedom of photons. In particular, by utilizing a single spontaneous-parametric down-conversion source which produces a broadband pair of photons and the wavelength-division demultiplexing/multiplexing technology, all the communicating parties within the network are always simultaneously ready for quantum communication. To further demonstrate the practical feasibility of a quantum network with time-bin entanglement over a wavelength-multiplexed fiber network, we demonstrate entangled-photon quantum key distribution with three users, each separated by 60 km of optical fibers.& nbsp;(c) 2022 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).11Nsciescopu
Dataset for the Kim et al., Nature, 2022
No full textThese are the produced data used in the publication of Kim et al., Nature, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05533-z).
These were analyzed on Matlab 2021a and, thus, provided with the mat file format.
For further questions, please contact the lead contact of the publications or the first author Jaekyung Kim ([email protected]).
-------------------- Description about dataset
The number of animals = 6 rats (Animal 1 - Animal 6).
Single mat file is for a single-day data including three sequential recording blocks:
[pre-training sleep] - [reach task] - [post-training sleep]
In each mat file, you will see below data:
Fs_LFP: sampling rate of LPFs. Index 1 and 2 represents pre- and post-training sleep, respectively.
Sleep_LFP_delta_M1: delta-band (0.1-4 Hz) LFP in M1 during NREM sleep. Index 1 and 2 represents pre- and post-training sleep, respectively.
Sleep_LFP_delta_PFC: delta-band (0.1-4 Hz) LFP in PFC during NREM sleep. Index 1 and 2 represents pre- and post-training sleep, respectively.
Sleep_LFP_150to250_HPC: LFP filtered in 150-250 Hz in hippocampus CA1 during NREM sleep. Index 1 and 2 represents pre- and post-training sleep, respectively.
Sleep_spike_time_M1: Spike timing (in sec) in a single unit in M1 during NREM sleep. Cell index 1 and 2 represents pre- and post-training sleep, respectively. In each cell, there are N sub-cells representing N single units.
Sleep_spike_time_PFC: Spike timing (in sec) in a single unit in PFC during NREM sleep. Cell index 1 and 2 represents pre- and post-training sleep, respectively. In each cell, there are N sub-cells representing N single units.
Reach_spike:
The distribution of spikes from reach onset. It is structure array in MATLAB. Each structure are N-by-4 (N trials and 4 fields).
The field of 'spike_rate' contains the number of spike in each bin (bin size = 1 ms) from reach onset timing (the bin index indicating reach onset is informed in the other field of 'reach_onset_index').
The field of 'condition' shows the condition of success or fail in the reach-to-grasp task.
The field of 'bin_size' shows the bin size of the data in 'spike_rate.' It is 1 ms in this dataset.
The field of 'reach_onset_index' shows the bin index indicating reach onset. It is 201 in this dataset.
e.g., If spike_rate is 31-by-600 array, there are 31 units and 600 bins containing the number of spike in each bin.
If the bin (row 3, column 301) has number 2, it means there were two spikes during 1-ms window at 100 ms after reach onset.
If the bin (row 7, column 1) has number 1, it means there were one spike during 1-ms window at -200 ms before reach onset.
-------------------- Notes
Sleep data are provided only for the NREM sleep period used in the published study. The other epochs during sleep-recording are set to zero.
Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep (NREM sleep)
Local Field Potential (LFP
FIGURES 30–31 in Review of the genus Meganola Dyar, 1898 (Lepidoptera: Nolidae, Nolinae) from Korea, with the description of a new species
No full textFIGURES 30–31. Female genitalia of Meganola spp. 30. Meganola shimekii (INU-9018). 31. Meganola mikabo (INU-9098). (Scale bar = 1mm)Published as part of Cha, Yeong-Bin, Oh, Sung-Hwan, Bayarsaikhan, Ulziijargal, Na, Sol-Moon, Lee, Dong-June, Ko, Jae-Ho, Lee, Tak-Gi, Kim, Hyeong-Kyu, Jang, Chang-Moon & Bae, Yang-Seop, 2019, Review of the genus Meganola Dyar, 1898 (Lepidoptera: Nolidae, Nolinae) from Korea, with the description of a new species, pp. 215-240 in Zootaxa 4686 (2) on page 236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4686.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/349009
Efficient protein digestion using highly-stable and reproducible trypsin coatings on magnetic nanofibers
No full textProtein digestion, using an enzyme called trypsin (TR), is one of the key steps in proteomic analysis. The current technology of protein digestion in proteomic analysis is time-consuming, tedious and not automated due to the poor stability and autolysis of trypsin. To improve the protein digestion process, trypsin was immobilized and stabilized on polymer nanofibers entrapping superparamagnetic nanoparticles (magnetic nanofibers, NP-NFs). By electrospinning the homogeneous mixture of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) and polystyrene-poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride), NPs could be effectively entrapped within polymer nanofibers, generating magnetically-separable nanofibers with high surface area for trypsin immobilization via the approach of enzyme coatings. Trypsin coatings on magnetic nanofibers (EC-TR/NP-NFs; EC-TR), fabricated via simple attachment of crosslinked trypsin molecules onto NP-NFs, were highly stable and could be recycled via facile magnetic separation. EC-TR showed negligible loss of trypsin activity even after incubation in an aqueous buffer under rigorous shaking (200 rpm) for 80 days, while the control samples of covalently-attached trypsin on NP-NFs (CA-TR/NP-NFs; CA-TR) and free trypsin lost more than 90% of their initial activities within 11 and 6 days, respectively. When highly-stable and magnetically-separable EC-TR was employed for the repetitive digestions of enolase under recycled uses for the duration of 50 days and even after treatment with another protease (chymotrypsin) for 32 h, the performance of enolase digestion was successfully maintained. The use of EC-TR for the enolase digestion in the ultra-sonication system resulted in fast (similar to 10 min) and efficient digestions with reproducible performance under recycled uses.N
Appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions during hospitalization and ambulatory care: a multicentre prevalence survey in Korea
No full text© 2022 The Author(s)Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most urgent global health threats. The need for the qualitative evaluation of antibiotic use at the national level is increasing. To identify areas for improvement, we aimed to assess the prevalence and appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions during hospitalization and ambulatory care in Korea. Methods: The prevalence and appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions on 29 August 2018 were assessed for 20 hospitals in Korea. Infectious disease specialists determined appropriateness. Except for antiviral and anti-tuberculosis agents, all antibacterial or antifungal agent prescriptions during hospitalization or ambulatory care were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of antibiotic prescription was 14.1% (8,400/59 216 patients) on the study date. Antibiotics were prescribed for 50.8% of inpatients (6557/12 902), with two or more antibiotics prescribed for 27.4% (1798/6557) of patients. A total of 10 948 prescriptions (7999 therapeutic, 2105 surgical prophylaxes, and 844 medical prophylaxes) were included in the final analysis, and 27.7% of these were inappropriate. Surgical prophylaxis was inadequately prescribed most frequently (54.4%), followed by medical prophylaxis (29.5%) and therapeutic antibiotics (20.5%). The most common indications for therapeutic antibiotics were respiratory (29.1%, n=2332), gastrointestinal (22.4%, n=1791), and urinary tract infections (13.1%, n=1050). The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were cephalosporins (52.0%, n=5490), followed by beta lactam/beta lactamase inhibitors (13.7%, n=1373), fluoroquinolones (9.1%, n=957), and metronidazole (6.6%, n=699). Conclusion: This was the first nationwide qualitative antibiotic prescription adequacy evaluation in Korea. A significant proportion of antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriate. Therefore, interventions for high-frequency infections and prescription antibiotics are needed.N
FIGURES 9–12 in Review of the genus Meganola Dyar, 1898 (Lepidoptera: Nolidae, Nolinae) from Korea, with the description of a new species
No full textFIGURES 9–12. Adults of genus Meganola spp. 9a. Meganola mediofascia, male (INU-9091). 9b. ditto, female (INU-9015). 10a. Meganola strigulosa, male (INU-9089). 10b. ditto, female (INU-9178). 11a. Meganola parki sp. n. male (holotype, INU- 9028). 11b. ditto. female (paratype, INU-9087). 12a. Meganola fumosa, male (INU-9013). 12b. ditto, female (INU-9036). (Scale bar = 1cm)Published as part of Cha, Yeong-Bin, Oh, Sung-Hwan, Bayarsaikhan, Ulziijargal, Na, Sol-Moon, Lee, Dong-June, Ko, Jae-Ho, Lee, Tak-Gi, Kim, Hyeong-Kyu, Jang, Chang-Moon & Bae, Yang-Seop, 2019, Review of the genus Meganola Dyar, 1898 (Lepidoptera: Nolidae, Nolinae) from Korea, with the description of a new species, pp. 215-240 in Zootaxa 4686 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4686.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/349009
Aberrant hyperactivation of cytotoxic T-cell as a potential determinant of COVID-19 severity
No full textObjectives: We hypothesized that immune response may contribute to progression of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) at the second week of illness. Therefore, we compared cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses between severe and mild COVID-19 cases. Methods: We examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from their first and third weeks of illness. Severe pneumonia was defined as an oxygen saturation <= 93% at room air. Expressions of molecules related to T-cell activation and functions were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The population dynamics of T cells at the first week were not different between the two groups. However, total numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells tended to be lower in the severe group at the third week of illness. Expressions of Ki-67, PD-1, perforin, and granzyme B in CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild group at the third week. In contrast to the mild group, the levels of their expression did not decrease in the severe group. Conclusions: Severe COVID-19 had a higher degree of proliferation, activation, and cytotoxicity of T-cells at the late phase of illness without cytotoxic T-cell contraction, which might contribute to the development of severe COVID-19. (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Y
Measurement of inner wall limiter SOL widths in KSTAR tokamak
No full textScrape-off layer (SOL) widths λq are presented from the KSTAR tokamak using fast reciprocating Langmuir probe assembly (FRLPA) measurements at the outboard mid-plane (OMP) and the infra-Red (IR) thermography at inboard limiter tiles in moderately elongated (κ = 1.45 – 1.55) L-mode inner wall-limited (IWL) plasmas under experimental conditions such as BT = 2.0 T, PNBI = 1.4 – 1.5 MW, line averaged densities 2.5 – 5.1 × 1019 m−3 and plasma current Ip = 0.4 − 0.7 MA. There is clear evidence for a double exponential structure in q||(r) from the FRLPA such that, for example at Ip = 0.6 MA, a narrow feature, λq,near (=3.5 mm) is found close to the LFCS, followed by a broader width, λq,main (=57.0 mm). Double exponential profiles (λq,near = 1.5 – 2.8 mm, λq,main = 17.0 – 35.0 mm) can be also observed in the IR heat flux mapped to the OMP throughout the range of Ip investigated. In addition, analysis of SOL turbulence statistics obtained with the FRLPA shows high relative fluctuation levels and positively skewed distributions in electron temperature and ion particle flux across the SOL, with both properties increasing for longer distance from the LCFS, as often previously observed in the tokamaks. Interestingly, the fluctuation character expressed in terms of spectral distributions remains unchanged in passing from the narrow to the broad SOL heat flux channel. Keywords: KSTAR, Inner wall limiter plasma, SOL width, Narrow feature, Electric probe, IR thermal imag
The effects of debt subsidies on corporate investment behavior
No full textThis paper argues that credit subsidies are ineffective in stimulating business investment in productive assets. Instead, they lead to an increase in corporate holdings of financial assets and real estate. For empirical verification, the investment patterns in a sample of 241 Korean corporations listed on the Korean Stock Exchange between 1984 and 1988 were examined. The authors found a significant positive relation between corporate speculative asset holding and access to subsidized loans. Their estimates indicate that without interest rate controls and other forms of subsidy, corporate holdings of speculative assets would have been one-seventh of observed levels. Moreover, most corporate real estate holdings appear to be unrelated to production activities. Little evidence is found that the Korean government's interest rate controls and credit allocation policy have accelerated expansion of corporate investment. If anything, the controls are partly to blame for the overheated Korean stock market during 1986-88.Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Municipal Financial Management
A study on the hydrodesulfurization activity of CoMo/ catalyst prepared by Sol-Gel method
No full text학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 화학공학과, 1994.2, [ viii, 96 p. ]한국과학기술원 : 화학공학과
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