1,721,260 research outputs found
A Comparative Review of Wet and Dry Electrode Manufacturing Processes: Opportunities, Limitations, and Challenges in the Production of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes
Full text linkThe rising demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) highlights the importance of developing electrode fabrication methods
that ensure high performance, cost efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Here, wet (slurry-based) and dry (solvent-free)
electrode fabrication methods are compared with a focus on both anodes and cathodes. Despite its integration within an established industrial system, the wet method exhibits significant limitations stemming from the use of volatile solvents such as
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), the high energy demand of the drying stage, and the complexity of scaling up thick electrode
manufacturing. On the other hand, dry electrode fabrication eliminates the need for solvents, reduces energy use, simplifies
production workflows, and improves mechanical integrity. The latter helps in the development of high-loading electrodes for
next-generation high-energy density storage systems. However, dry processing introduces new technical challenges that must
first be addressed, including binder activation, uniform material dispersion, the need for specialized hardware, and the development of customized equipment. By focusing on the underlying mechanisms, advantages, and practical limitations, this review
aims to support the development of optimized electrode fabrication strategies that facilitate the widespread adoption of sustainable battery technologies
Open Battery Systems
No full textGlobal battery demand for stationary storage is expected to increase up to more than 2500 GWh in the next 10 years. In this scenario, the redox flow batteries (RFBs) and metal–oxygen (air) batteries (MABs) represent a strategic alternative to LIBs.
RFBs and MABs share a unique feature: unlike conventional LIBs and conventional batteries that are made by two solid electrodes, separated by an electrolyte/separator assembly, and that are hermetically sealed, RFBs and MABs can be considered as “open systems.” Besides the specific electrochemical processes that drive RFB and MAB operation and that will be discussed in the next sections, the open architecture of RFBs and MABs provides an inherent advantage vs. the closed batteries in terms of safety. Indeed, dangerous internal pressure and/or temperature rise that accidentally take place in case of battery failure can be mitigated.
In the following, the most recent developments of novel open battery architectures are presented, while promises and challenges of these open systems are discussed
Supercapacitive microbial fuel cells
No full textThe integration of supercapacitive features in microbial fuel cells (MFC) can solve one of the major limitations of this technology, i.e., the low power output. In this chapter, three different strategies to exploit the supercapacitive features of MFCs are reported and discussed: (i) the integration of high specific surface area elements in the electrode to maximize the capacitive response, (ii) the exploitation of a pulsed discharge, and (iii) the decoration of microbial fuel cell electrodes with inorganic pseudocapacitive components
Carbon supports for electrodeposited Pt-Ru catalysts
No full textThe effect of the type of carbon support on the catalytic activity of Pt-Ru/C catalysts for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) was investigated. The morphological and structural properties of high surface area (>200 m2g-1) carbon powders and such electrochemical parameters of carbon-Nafion composites as accessible surface area and electric resistance are related to the structure, morphology and catalytic activity of Pt-Ru catalysts electrochemically prepared on carbon-Nafion supports. Key data are reported, discussed and compared to those obtained with a commercial Pt-Ru/C catalyst
Design Study of a Novel, Semi-Solid Li/O2 Redox Flow Battery
No full textHere we report about the design optimization of a new battery, a non-aqueous Semi-solid Lithium Redox Flow Air (O2) Battery
(SLRFAB) which operates using a semi-solid organic catholyte. Oxygen Redox Reaction (ORR) takes place at the semi-solid
electroactive particles dispersed in the catholyte, avoiding the electrode passivation that usually occurs in a conventional Li/O2
battery, enhancing the capacity and, in turn, the delivered energy. The results of the galvanostatic tests at different currents and flow
rates and the practical prototype energy and power are here reported. We demonstrate that up to 700 Wh kg-1 and 70 W kg-1 is achievable
by the optimization of the SLRFAB catholyte composition and current collector size. The strategies to reach and overcome such
outstanding results are discussed on the basis of the experimental performance of a lab-scale SLRFAB prototype
A novel concept of Semi-solid, Li Redox Flow Air (O2) Battery: A breakthrough towards high energy and power batteries
No full textWorldwide efforts are being devoted to promote an efficient use of renewable energy sources and sustainable electric transportation. High efficiency energy conversion systems like batteries, which store/deliver high energy and power densities, are under development. While Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are the best performing batteries on the market and redox flow batteries are already used for stationary plants, a drastic step forward is needed to increase energy and power performance and decrease costs. Li/O2 batteries are considered the next generation due to significantly higher energy delivery than LIBs. We demonstrate a radically new battery concept: a non-aqueous Li/O2 battery that operates with a semi-solid, flowable catholyte. The proof-of-concept is proven by a catholyte based on 2% wt. SuperP carbon dispersed in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether - lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide. Oxygen redox reaction at the semi-solid catholyte is investigated by electrochemical, morphological and spectroscopic analyses. The perfomance of a semi-solid, flow Li/O2 battery prototype operating at high discharge rates (up to 4 mA cm-2) with high discharge capacity (>175 mAh cm-2), energy (>500 mWh cm-2) and power (>7 mW cm-2) is reported. The strategies to approach the challenging target of 1 kWh kg-1 and 2 kWh L-1 are also discussed
Pseudocapacitive and Ion‐Insertion Materials: A Bridge between Energy Storage, Electronics and Neuromorphic Computing
Full text linkThere is considerable interest in new solid-state materials for many applications, from energy storage to electronics and neuromorphic computing. This concept paper highlights how pseudocapacitive and ion-insertion materials, for their inherent capability of storing charge and modulate electron conduction, represent a bridge between energy storage, electronics and neuromorphic computing and enable the design of new device architectures
Development of flexible and sustainable all quasi-solid-state supercapacitors based on ecofriendly binders on aluminum foil
No full textSince the beginning of the 21st century, ecological, light weight and low-cost power sources devices with excellent mechanical flexibility are crucial to fulfill the requirements of emerging technologies for the new generation, including robots, foldable phones and wearable electronics. Herein, we report the integration of ecofriendly and biocompatible binders Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Pullulan (Pu) for the straightforward manufacturing of flexible and sustainable carbon-based electrodes for supercapacitors applications. Furthermore, Glycerol (GCy) has been employed as a dual-purpose plasticizer agent for both electrode and electrolyte preparation, thereby minimizing manufacturing costs. Firstly, GCy content influence on the electrochemical performances and PVA-GCy/KOH films quality was investigated. Pullulan/Activated Carbon (Pu/AC) based supercapacitors have shown superior energetic performances in contrast to those achieved by the PVA/AC based ones. The Pu-based device exhibited a maximum aerial capacitance of 155 mF cm− 2 at 5 mV s− 1, and a maximum energy and power densities of 31.8 μWh cm− 2 and 34.3 mW cm− 2 respectively at 0.1 A g− 1. Furthermore, the device showed excellent stability behavior (>91 % of its initial capacitance after 9000 cycles). More importantly, the fabricated supercapacitor presented acceptable electrochemical performances when folded at different bending angles, opening the way to the practical applications of micro-storage and flexible embedded systems
New formulations of high-voltage cathodes for Li-ion batteries with water-processable binders
No full textThe use of water-processable binders could lower production costs and grant easier and more environment-friendly production of Li-ion batteries. This work investigates the use of two water-processable binders, namely polyvinylacetate (PVA) and sodium alginate (Alg), in high-voltage cathode electrodes for Li-ion batteries. We focused our work on the use of these sustainable binders for cathodes based on LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, a commercially available material with a very high Li+ deinsertion/insertion potential (4.7-4.75 V versus Li+/Li) and a theoretical specific capacity of 147 mAh g-1. The electrochemical performance of cathodes with PVA and Alg are compared to that of PVdF-based electrodes at 30°C in conventional electrolyte. Among all, Alg-based cathodes show the best rate capability up to 5C and cycle stability, with 95% capacity retention after 100 cycles because of the formation of a thinner and less resistive layer on the electrode than PVA- or PVdF-based cathodes
Sodium alginate: AWater-processable binder in high-voltage cathode formulations
Full text linkBinders are electrochemically inactive electrode components. However, their chemical and physical nature greatly affects battery performance and plays a key role in electrode integrity and interface reactivity. The binders thus have a strong impact on battery capacity retention and cycle life.Water-processable binders wouldmake the electrode preparation process cheap and environmentally friendly and provide a viable alternative to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF). Here we report the use of sodium alginate (SA) as binder for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), one of the most promising cathode materials for high-voltage and high-energy LIBs. We demonstrate that electrodes with high mass loading containing SA have excellent specific discharge capacity (120 mAh g-1 at C/3 and 100 mAh g-1 at 5C) with negligible overpotentials in conventional electrolyte based on ethylene carbonate (EC): dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 1 M LiPF6, where the reactivity of LNMO is known to negatively affect stability. The electrodes with SA also show a good stability over subsequent cycles of charge and discharge at 1C with capacity retention of 95% and 86% with respect to the initial cycles at the 100th and 200th cycle
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