818 research outputs found
A Framework to Use Public-Private Partnership for Smart City Projects
No full textThe concept of Smart City has been emerging as a strategic set of integrated initiatives encompassing infrastructures, technology and digital services for the purpose of enhancing the quality of life of citizens. However, the development and implementation of Smart City projects require considerable investments that are difficult to fund with traditional public finance. In this context, Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) appear to be suitable solutions to overcome the shortage of public finance and cuts on public spending. However, the adoption of PPP forms for Smart City projects has not been fully explored and only experimentally applied so far. In order to promote the usage of PPP to finance Smart City initiatives, this paper proposes some PPP financial instruments and discusses the associated strengths and weaknesses. In particular, the use of Project Finance, Revenue Sharing and Social Impact Bonds are suggested as sound alternatives and suitable sources of financing for Smart City project
Kraichnan-Leith-Batchelor similarity theory and two-dimensional inverse cascades
No full textWe study the scaling properties and Kraichnan-Leith-Batchelor (KLB) theory of forced inverse cascades in generalized two-dimensional (2D) fluids (-turbulence models) simulated at resolution . We consider (surface quasigeostrophic flow), (2D vorticity dynamics) and . The forcing scale is well-resolved, a direct cascade is present and there is no large-scale dissipation. Coherent vortices spanning a range of sizes, most larger than the forcing scale, are present for both and . The active scalar field for contains comparatively few and small vortices. The energy spectral slopes in the inverse cascade are steeper than the KLB prediction in all three systems. Since we stop the simulations well before the cascades have reached the domain scale, vortex formation and spectral steepening are not due to condensation effects; nor are they caused by large-scale dissipation, which is absent. One- and two-point pdfs, hyperflatness factors and structure functions indicate that the inverse cascades are intermittent and non-Gaussian over much of the inertial range for and , while the inverse cascade is much closer to Gaussian and non-intermittent. For the steep spectrum is close to that associated with enstrophy equipartition. Continuous wavelet analysis shows approximate KLB scaling () and () in the interstitial regions between the coherent vortices. Our results demonstrate that coherent vortex formation ( and ) and non-realizability () cause 2D inverse cascades to deviate from the KLB predictions, but that the flow between the vortices exhibits KLB scaling and non-intermittent statistics for and . The results will appear in \cite{BurgessEA2015}, which has been accepted to the \emph{Journal of Fluid Mechanics}
Soluble and multivalent Jag1 DNA origami nanopatterns activate Notch without pulling force
No full textFunding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge support from the NIH grant number R35GM133482 for V.C.L., the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Grants KAW 2017.0114 for B.H. and A.I.T. and KAW 2017.0276 for B.H.), from the European Research Council ERC for B.H. (Acronym: Cell Track GA No. 724872) and A.I.T (Acronym: MechComm GA No. 617711), and from the Swedish Research Council for B.H. (grant no. 2019-01474) and from the Göran Gustafsson Foundation for B.H. And from the Academy of Finland for B.S. (grant no. 341908). lt-NES samples were obtained from, and initial culture protocols was made possible with the help of Anna Falk’s team and the iPS Core facility at Karolinska Institutet. Part of this work was performed at the Karolinska Institutet/SciLifeLab Protein Science Core Facility (PSF). Part of this work was performed at the Karolinska Institutet Biomedicum Imaging Core (BIC). EM data was collected at the Karolinska Institutet 3D-EM facility. Publisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s).The Notch signaling pathway has fundamental roles in embryonic development and in the nervous system. The current model of receptor activation involves initiation via a force-induced conformational change. Here, we define conditions that reveal pulling force-independent Notch activation using soluble multivalent constructs. We treat neuroepithelial stem-like cells with molecularly precise ligand nanopatterns displayed from solution using DNA origami. Notch signaling follows with clusters of Jag1, and with chimeric structures where most Jag1 proteins are replaced by other binders not targeting Notch. Our data rule out several confounding factors and suggest a model where Jag1 activates Notch upon prolonged binding without appearing to need a pulling force. These findings reveal a distinct mode of activation of Notch and lay the foundation for the development of soluble agonists.Peer reviewe
Introduction
No full textThe introductory essay briefly reviews the sources of the scarce biographical information available about Benjamin Humphrey Smart and focusses on the eulogistic judgement about the author of the "Outline of Sematology" (the first published part of Smart’s "Beginnings of a New School of Metaphysics") expressed by John Stuart Mill in his "System of Logic", in order to present and evaluate the chief aspects of Smart’s comprehensive view of the phenomena of language and thought and their interconnections. Following Locke, metaphysics is conceived of by Smart as an enqiry "into the Original, Certainty, and Extent of humane Knowledge", but in his opinion it was Horne Tooke, who, a century later, fully appreciated the importance of words and "did question" the notion, "taken for granted by Locke", that "the parts of speech have their origin in the mind independently of the outward signs, when, in truth, they are nothing more than parts in the structure of language". On these grounds, Smarts develops an original generative theory of the parts of speech, that he illustrates by the use of revertible tree-diagrams. The essay proceeds with an exposition of Smart’s semantical views and his theory of the function of language in the process of reasoning, to conclude with an appraisal of his historical merits promptly acknowledged by no lesser examiner than John Stuart Mill
Multimode interference couplers: Design and applications
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
High Capacity Integrated Optical Receivers
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
InP-based Photonic Integrated Circuits for Wavelength Routing and Switching
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Phased-array wavelength demultiplexers and their integration with photodetectors
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Compact integrated optical components for telecommunication networks
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
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