27 research outputs found
Biodiversity Conservation in the REDD.
No full textDeforestation and forest degradation in the tropics is a major source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The tropics also harbour more than half the world's threatened species, raising the possibility that reducing GHG emissions by curtailing tropical deforestation could provide substantial co-benefits for biodiversity conservation. Here we explore the potential for such co-benefits in Indonesia, a leading source of GHG emissions from land cover and land use change, and among the most species-rich countries in the world. We show that focal ecosystems for interventions to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia do not coincide with areas supporting the most species-rich communities or highest concentration of threatened species. We argue that inherent trade-offs among ecosystems in emission reduction potential, opportunity cost of foregone development and biodiversity values will require a regulatory framework to balance emission reduction interventions with biodiversity co-benefit targets. We discuss how such a regulatory framework might function, and caution that pursuing emission reduction strategies without such a framework may undermine, not enhance, long-term prospects for biodiversity conservation in the tropics
Research methodologies for studying the informal aspects of construction project organisations
No full textIt has been argued that the informal aspects of construction projects play a significant role in the way the project coalesces and subsequently operates. These informalities (e.g. practices, systems, clans) may be real and visible, or simply perceived and thus invisible; commonly encountered in projects or specific to a particular project's context; ethical/legal or unethical/illegal. These dimensions suggest a framework within which to describe the emergence of a project's organizational behaviour. Non-functionalists and subjectivists argue that the informal issues can be best understood by using an emancipatory framework of investigation. This paper presents an approach to the design of research methods appropriate to such tasks. In doing so it accommodates various philosophical points of departure, and the blending of various methods, to construct rigorous analysis to deliver context specific outcomes
Image collection for: First fossil-leaf floras from Brunei Darussalam show dipterocarp dominance in Borneo by the Pliocene
No full textThis dataset is the high-resolution image library of plant macrofossils from Brunei Darussalam that accompanies the following primary article. Please refer to the primary article for all details:Wilf
P, X Zou, MP Donovan, L Kocsis, A Briguglio, D Shaw, JWF Slik, JJ
Lambiase. 2022. First fossil-leaf floras from Brunei Darussalam show dipterocarp dominance
in Borneo by the Pliocene. PeerJ 10:e12949. doi:
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12949 All filenames for fossil images begin with fossil locality and field number, as listed in Appendix 2 of the primary article, followed by time stamp data and/or sequence numbers. Please cite specimens using their UBDH repository numbers via lookup of the field numbers in Appendix 2.Example Filename: PW1501 5b (11102016 140433)= Specimen 5, counterpart b, from fossil locality PW1501, photographed on 10 November 2016 at about 2:04 PM.From Appendix 2, this specimen has repository number UBDH F00005b.The files are organized into zip archives as follows:Field_photos_Brunei_fossils.zipField photos of fossils taken at the time of collection, when conditions permitted.PW1501.zipLab photos of fossils from locality PW1501 at Berakas Beach, including CT reconstructions of a fossil dipterocarp fruit.PW1501 FS1b CT raw data.zipRaw CT images, merged tiff movies, and acquisition data for the fossil dipterocarp fruit from locality PW1501.PW1502.zipLab photos of fossils from locality PW1502 at Berakas Beach.PW1503.zipLab photos of fossils from locality PW1503 at Kampong Lugu.Plates_1200dpi.zipThe macrofossil illustrations from the primary article, output at high resolution (1200-dpi low-compression jpegs).</div
Hunting motivations, behaviour and forest access: Characterising wildlife hunting practices in a multi-ethnic, forested landscape of Brunei Darussalam, Southeast Asia
No full text\ua9 2025 The Author(s). People and Nature published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society. Unsustainable hunting practices can alter population dynamics, driving biodiversity declines, which leads to ‘empty forests’. Understanding hunting behaviour, including motivations for hunting and relationships with market drivers, and access to hunting grounds are important to develop affirmative policies to stem biodiversity loss. Here, we investigate community hunting behaviour and motivations in the context of road network expansion. We focus on the Temburong District, Brunei Darussalam, which retains large tracts of undegraded rainforests. Cultural hunting has a long history in the region, which few studies have investigated. In 2022, following preliminary research that suggested widespread hunting across Brunei\u27s forests, we conducted household surveys (n = 32) and in-depth interviews (n = 3) with Temburong residents from multiple ethnic backgrounds to characterise hunting behaviours. We contextualised these surveys and interviews within the recently completed construction of Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien (SOAS) Bridge, which we expected would increase human mobility and thus hunting access. Applying a thematic analysis, we characterised hunting in Temburong. Hunting motivations varied greatly, but the primary motivation for hunting was non-market wild meat consumption, with target species including bearded pig, muntjac and mousedeer, which were primarily snare caught. Hunting had a high level of cultural importance in the region. While hunting is still present in the region, its cultural importance appears to be waning. Our data also present perceptions that the SOAS Bridge may be facilitating access to Temburong\u27s forests for novel hunters, potentially increasing hunting pressure. Policy implications. In Southeast Asia, narratives around hunting often centre on overexploitation and trade. We show that in Brunei, hunting has cultural importance, particularly among Indigenous communities, requiring more careful planning for mitigation strategies aiming to conserve biodiversity to avoid marginalisation of vulnerable communities. Road network expansion may attract new and distant hunters, while complex factors linked to generational changes may reduce hunting pressure in Brunei\u27s forests. Our research thus highlights that local, context-specific research is required for effective decision-making surrounding both hunting and development. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog
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Correction for Slik et al., Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests
No full textCorrection for "Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests, " by J. W. Ferry Slik, Janet Franklin, Víctor Arroyo- Rodríguez, Richard Field, Salomon Aguilar, Nikolay Aguirre, Jorge Ahumada, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Luciana F. Alves, Anitha K, Andres Avella, Francisco Mora, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Selene B?ez, Patricia Balvanera, Meredith L. Bastian, Jean-François Bastin, Peter J. Bellingham, Eduardo van den Berg, Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, Pascal Boeckx, Katrin Boehning-Gaese, Frans Bongers, Brad Boyle, Fabian Brambach, Francis Q. Brearley, Sandra Brown, Shauna-Lee Chai, Robin L. Chazdon, Shengbin Chen, Phourin Chhang, George Chuyong, Corneille Ewango, Indiana M. Coronado, Jurgi Crist?bal-Azkarate, Heike Culmsee, Kipiro Damas, H. S. Dattaraja, Priya Davidar, Saara J. DeWalt, Hazimah Din, Donald R. Drake, Alvaro Duque, Giselda Durigan, Karl Eichhorn, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Tsutomu Enoki, Andreas Ensslin, Adand? Belarmain Fandohan, Nina Farwig, Kenneth J. Feeley, Markus Fischer, Olle Forshed, Queila Souza Garcia, Satish Chandra Garkoti, Thomas W. Gillespie, Jean- Francois Gillet, Christelle Gonmadje, Iñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Daniel M. Griffith, James Grogan, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, David J. Harris, Rhett D. Harrison, Andy Hector, Andreas Hemp, J?rgen Homeier, M. Shah Hussain, Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez, I. Faridah Hanum, Nobuo Imai, Patrick A. Jansen, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Shijo Joseph, Kuswata Kartawinata, Elizabeth Kearsley, Daniel L. Kelly, Michael Kessler, Timothy J. Killeen, Robert M. Kooyman, Yves Laumonier, Susan G. Laurance, William F. Laurance, Michael J. Lawes, Susan G. Letcher, Jeremy Lindsell, Jon Lovett, Jose Lozada, Xinghui Lu, Anne Mette Lykke, Khairil Bin Mahmud, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Asyraf Mansor, Andrew R. Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, Darley Calderado Leal Matos, Jorge A.Meave, Felipe P. L. Melo, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre Mendoza, Faizah Metali, Vincent P. Medjibe, Jean Paul Metzger, Thiago Metzker, D. Mohandass, Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas, Rodrigo Muñoz, Eddy Nurtjahy, Eddie Lenza de Oliveira, Onrizal, Pia Parolin, Marc Parren, N. Parthasarathy, Ekananda Paudel, Rolando Perez, Eduardo A. P?rez-García, Ulf Pommer, Lourens Poorter, Lan Qi, Maria Teresa F. Piedade, Jos? Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, John R. Poulsen, Jennifer S. Powers, Rama Chandra Prasad, Jean-Philippe Puyravaud, Orlando Rangel, Jan Reitsma, Diogo S. B. Rocha, Samir Rolim, Francesco Rovero, Andes Rozak, Kalle Ruokolainen, Ervan Rutishauser, Gemma Rutten, Mohd. NizamMohd. Said, Felipe Z. Saiter, Philippe Saner, Braulio Santos, João Roberto dos Santos, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Christine B. Schmitt, Jochen Schoengart, Mark Schulze, Douglas Sheil, Plinio Sist, Alexandre F. Souza, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Tereza Sposito, Robert Steinmetz, Tariq Stevart, Marcio Seiji Suganuma, Rahayu Sukri, Aisha Sultana, Raman Sukumar, Terry Sunderland, Supriyadi, H. S. Suresh, Eizi Suzuki, Marcelo Tabarelli, Jianwei Tang, Ed V. J. Tanner, Natalia Targhetta, Ida Theilade, Duncan Thomas, Jonathan Timberlake, M?rcio de Morisson Valeriano, Johan van Valkenburg, Tran Van Do, Hoang Van Sam, John H. Vandermeer, Hans Verbeeck, Ole Reidar Vetaas, Victor Adekunle, Simone A. Vieira, Campbell O.Webb, Edward L. Webb, Timothy Whitfeld, Serge Wich, John Williams, Susan Wiser, FlorianWittmann, Xiaobo Yang, C. Yves Adou Yao, Sandra L. Yap, Rakan A. Zahawi, Rahmad Zakaria, and Runguo Zang, which was first published February 5, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1714977115 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:1837-1842). The authors note that, due to a printer's error, an author name published incorrectly. The author name Lan Qi should instead appear as Lan Qie. The online version has been corrected
A novel white mouse deer observation in Brunei Darussalam
No full textPure white animals have long been regarded as unusual and prized by hunters. For the first time, we report an incidence of a white lesser mouse deer (Tragulus kanchil), observed by camera trap in Brunei Darussalam. This adult individual was recorded on four separate occasions in the same location. Although the underlying cause of this rare phenotype is undeterminable from camera trap images, the individual does not display the pink eyes commonly characteristic of albinism. It is surprising that this individual has survived to adulthood, as its bright white colouration makes it more vulnerable to predation, as well as a target for hunters. Further study of this individual could reveal insights into how it has survived, and the genetic health of the local population of T. kanchil
Parasyntax and the sentential level in axiomatic functionalism
No full textThis thesis is presented as a contribution to the St Andrews School
of Linguistics, Axiomatic Functionalism, as developed by Mulder and
Hervey. It is essentially a piece of Theoretical Linguistics which
outlines an approach to the hitherto undeveloped areas of Parasyntax
and the Sentential Level in Axiomatic Functionalism.
The theoretical arguments are supported by descriptive hypotheses
concerning the nature of Spoken English. These descriptions are
corpus-based.
The conclusion reached by the author is that not only are Parasyntax
and the Sentential Level distinct in theory (this is axiomatic), but
they are also distinct in their application as regards methodology
and description. This conclusion will undoubtedly prove to be
controversial in the light of recent developments in Axiomatic
Functionalism concerning the Postulates in particular (of which the
author was at the time of writing unaware), and in the light of
other Functionalist approaches to the nature of intonation and
sentences.
It is anticipated that this thesis will be of value to those
interested in Functionalism as well as those concerned with
intonation and the levels of language beyond syntax
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European Association of Urology (@Uroweb) recommendations on the appropriate use of social media
No full textSocial media use is becoming common in medical practice. Although primarily used in this context to connect physicians, social media allows users share information, to create an online profile, to learn and keep knowledge up to date, to facilitate virtual attendance at medical conferences, and to measure impact within a field. However, shared content should be considered permanent and beyond the control of its author, and typical boundaries, such as the patient-physician interaction, become blurred, putting both parties at risk. The European Association of Urology brought together a committee of stakeholders to create guidance on the good practice and standards of use of social media. These encompass guidance about defining an online profile; managing accounts; protecting the reputations of yourself and your organization; protecting patient confidentiality; and creating honest, responsible content that reflects your standing as a physician and your membership within this profession. © 2014 European Association of Urology
The ProtecT randomised trial cost-effectiveness analysis comparing active monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for prostate cancer
No full text\ua9 2020, The Author(s). Background: There is limited evidence relating to the cost-effectiveness of treatments for localised prostate cancer. Methods: The cost-effectiveness of active monitoring, surgery, and radiotherapy was evaluated within the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) randomised controlled trial from a UK NHS perspective at 10 years’ median follow-up. Prostate cancer resource-use collected from hospital records and trial participants was valued using UK reference-costs. QALYs (quality-adjusted-life-years) were calculated from patient-reported EQ-5D-3L measurements. Adjusted mean costs, QALYs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated; cost-effectiveness acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses addressed uncertainty; subgroup analyses considered age and disease-risk. Results: Adjusted mean QALYs were similar between groups: 6.89 (active monitoring), 7.09 (radiotherapy), and 6.91 (surgery). Active monitoring had lower adjusted mean costs (\ua35913) than radiotherapy (\ua37361) and surgery (\ua37519). Radiotherapy was the most likely (58% probability) cost-effective option at the UK NICE willingness-to-pay threshold (\ua320,000 per QALY). Subgroup analyses confirmed radiotherapy was cost-effective for older men and intermediate/high-risk disease groups; active monitoring was more likely to be the cost-effective option for younger men and low-risk groups. Conclusions: Longer follow-up and modelling are required to determine the most cost-effective treatment for localised prostate cancer over a man’s lifetime. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN20141297: http://isrctn.org (14/10/2002); ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02044172: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (23/01/2014)
