1,721,055 research outputs found
Slavo Radosevic o przemianach nauki i techniki w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Get PDFScience Policy Research Unit at Sussex University is considered as one of the most successful think tanks studying science and technology systems in countries of Central and Eastern Europę. Dr. Slavo Radosevic is considered as one of the main network organisers and the best researchers dealing woth this area of study Advantages of SPRU studies are to be seen in latest Slavo Radosevic’s reports summing up results of research project Restructuring and reintegration o fS & T systems o t the economies in transition financed by EC DG XII TSER (1996-1998).Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), działający na Uniwersytecie w Sussex, jest uznawany za najważniejszy think tank (sztab ekspertów) zajmujący się problematyką przemian systemów nauki i techniki w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, a pracownik SPRU dr Slavo Radosevic - za głównego organizatora sieci badaczy oraz autora najlepszych syntez dotyczących tego obszaru badań. Najistotniejszym walorem prac powstających w kręgu SPRU jest oparcie na badaniach empirycznych, ujęcie porównawcze oraz znajomość metod badawczych science policy studies. Zalety te są widoczne w opracowaniach pióra Radosevica, będących podsumowaniem projektu zbiorowego EC DGXII TSER pt. Restrukturyzacja oraz reintegracja systemów nauki i techniki w gospodarkach postkomunistycznych, realizowanego w latach 1996-1998
Party-system institutionalization and democracy: the case of Russia
No full textParty-system institutionalization and its implications for democratic consolidation is an important sub-field in the study of political parties. The conventional view is that an institutionalized party system is better for democracy than an under-institutionalized one. This article considers the case of party-system institutionalization and democracy in Russia, and its implications for our understanding of the relationship between party-system institutionalization and democracy. The analysis finds, contrary to the expectations of the literature, that this relationship has been inverse in Russia i.e. as the party system has institutionalized democracy has declined. The Russian case shows that the link between party-system institutionalization and democracy does not necessarily hold and suggests that the conditions in which party-system institutionalization has democratizing effects need to be specified more precisely
Corporate governance and control in Russian banks
Get PDFThe Working Paper employs the paradigm of new institutional economics to examine peculiarities of the Russian model of corporate governance and control in the banking sector. The study relies upon theoretical as well as applied research of corporate governance in Russian commercial banks featuring different forms of ownership. We focus on real interests of all stakeholders, namely bank and stock market regulators, bank owners, investors, top managers and other insiders. The Anglo-American concept of corporate governance, based on agency theory and implying outside investors' control over banks through stock market, is found to bear limited relevance. We suggest some ways of overcoming the gap between formal institutions of governance and the real life
Research and Development and Competitiveness in South Eastern Europe: Asset or Liability for EU Integration?
No full textThis paper explores the relationship between research and development (R&D) and competitiveness of the SEE economies from the perspective of the EU integration and the EU as a knowledge based economy. Specifically, the paper addresses the question of whether SEE is a potential asset or a liability in this process. SEE countries are quite diverse in terms of levels of competitiveness, with visible effects on the role of R&D which is confirmed by analysis of the demand and supply factors of R&D. Although tentative, results show that innovation policy that takes account of the supply and demand side factors of R&D is essential to knowledge based growth in the SEE economies. This poses some limits to traditionally defined S&T policy as a sectoral activity and calls for new approaches, which are discussed in the paper
The Great Divide: Ruralisation of Poverty in Russia
No full textUsing data from the RLMS for the period 2000-2004 we investigate poverty trends in Russia. We find that urban poverty declines at twice the rate of rural poverty so that by 2004 poverty in Russia had become a largely rural phenomenon for the first time since transition began. This finding does not stem from changing population characteristics or shares, is not dependent on the use of a particular poverty line nor is it driven by the rapid expansions that have occurred in Moscow, St. Petersburg or other urban areas. Our findings flesh out those of Ravallion et al (2007) who, in contrast to other regions, "find signs" of a ruralisation of poverty in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. We attribute some of the differential to the labour market
Changes in corporate governance structures in Polish privatised companies
No full textThe paper presents early results of the survey of 84 Polish privatised industrial companies, sampled from a list of the 500 biggest firms. Three aspects of corporate governance were analysed: ownership structure, management of the companies, and supervision structures. An attempt was made to assess the influence of corporate governance characterisics on companies' performance. The main conclusion of the paper is that privatisation of the largest enterprises resulted in deep changes to their corporate governance structures, and those changes vary with ownership. Most favourable changes in corporate governance structures and performance were discovered in companies with highest levels of ownership concentration, especially in the hands of foreign investors
The Impact of Outward FDI on Home-Country Employment in a Low-Cost Transition Economy
Get PDFThe current extensive literature on the home-country employment effect of FDI focuses almost exclusively on the case of investments from high-income and high labour cost home countries. In our paper we analyse the home-country employment effect in Estonia as a lowcost medium-income transition economy. The data from the population of Estonian firms between 1995 and 2002 was studied with regression analysis and propensity score matching in order to construct an appropriate counterfactual for the firms that have invested abroad. The results indicate that in general, outward FDI had a positive impact on the home-country employment growth. Concerning direct investors (domestic firms investing abroad) and indirect investors (foreign-owned firms investing abroad), the former group had a stronger homecountry employment effect due to their smaller pre-investment size and because the subsidiaries of indirect investors are served from other locations rather than from Estonia. The positive employment effect was much stronger in the case of investments made after 1999 due to the better macro-economic performance of Estonia from the year 2000 onwards. Services firms demonstrated a stronger home-country employment effect than manufacturing firms. Our results imply that the logic of the outward investments from low-cost transition and developing economies differs from that of high-income countries.outward foreign direct investments, employment effects of FDI, Central- and Eastern Europe, transition.
Innovation and the Growth of Service Firms: The Polish Case
Get PDFDifferences in the growth of firms remain a major topic in economics and strategy research.
In this paper we investigated the link between innovation performance and employment
growth. First we discuss the problem from the theoretical point of view and then we analyze
the relationship between innovation performance and the dynamics of employment in the
Polish service firms in 2004-2009. Firms that introduced new services or marketing
techniques experienced stronger growth. Process innovations contributed to employment
reduction. Tellingly, this effect could only be observed in 2008-2009, a subperiod which saw
the lowest levels of aggregate demand. This conclusion yields support to the presumption
formulated by Pianta (2005) that the impact of innovation on employment growth depends on
the macroeconomic situation
Nature and determinants of productivity growth of foreign subsidiaries in Central and East European countries
No full textThe paper examines the determinants of productivity growth in foreign manufacturing subsidiaries in five Central and East European (CEE) countries by analysing patterns of control, nature of firms' capabilities and firms' market orientation. Building on the so called 'developmental subsidiaries' perspective we show that productivity growth is determined jointly by corporate governance, production capability and market orientation variables. CEE subsidiaries have relatively strong autonomy over control of their business functions, but within a dominantly production oriented mandate. Majority foreign equity share has a significant and positive impact on subsidiaries' productivity growth. These results present very strong regional characteristic
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