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Where We Stand:Verkenning Ongelijkheden in Klimaatadaptatiebeleid
No full textKlimaatverandering is een van de meest urgente uitdagingen van onze tijd en heeft invloed op elk aspect van het leven op aarde. Het wordt vaak gezien als een milieukwestie, maar de gevolgen reiken veel verder dan stijgende temperaturen, smeltende gletsjers en extreme weersomstandigheden. In essentie is klimaatverandering een diep verweven probleem dat sociale, economische en politieke systemen beïnvloedt en door hen beïnvloed wordt. De meest kwetsbare gemeenschappen - degenen die al met sociaaleconomische ongelijkheden te maken hebben - worden vaak het zwaarst getroffen door klimaatgerelateerde rampen. Dit betekent dat klimaatverandering niet alleen om het milieu gaat; het is een kwestie van rechtvaardigheid en gelijkheid.Gemeenschappen met minder middelen zijn slechter in staat om met de gevolgen van klimaatverandering om te gaan. Lage inkomensbuurten bevinden zich bijvoorbeeld vaker in overstromingsgevoelige of hittegevoelige gebieden. Deze gemeenschappen missen vaak de infrastructuur, zoals effectieve afvoersystemen of toegang tot koele ruimtes, om zichzelf te beschermen tegen extreme weersomstandigheden. Bovendien hebben ze mogelijk beperkte financiële middelen om zich te herstellen van rampen, wat bestaande ongelijkheden verergert. Terwijl rijkere groepen zich vaak kunnen aanpassen of onttrekken van klimaatrisico's, kunnen mensen met minder middelen vast komen te zitten in steeds gevaarlijkere omgevingen. [...
Where We Stand:Verkenning Ongelijkheden in Klimaatadaptatiebeleid
No full textKlimaatverandering is een van de meest urgente uitdagingen van onze tijd en heeft invloed op elk aspect van het leven op aarde. Het wordt vaak gezien als een milieukwestie, maar de gevolgen reiken veel verder dan stijgende temperaturen, smeltende gletsjers en extreme weersomstandigheden. In essentie is klimaatverandering een diep verweven probleem dat sociale, economische en politieke systemen beïnvloedt en door hen beïnvloed wordt. De meest kwetsbare gemeenschappen - degenen die al met sociaaleconomische ongelijkheden te maken hebben - worden vaak het zwaarst getroffen door klimaatgerelateerde rampen. Dit betekent dat klimaatverandering niet alleen om het milieu gaat; het is een kwestie van rechtvaardigheid en gelijkheid.Gemeenschappen met minder middelen zijn slechter in staat om met de gevolgen van klimaatverandering om te gaan. Lage inkomensbuurten bevinden zich bijvoorbeeld vaker in overstromingsgevoelige of hittegevoelige gebieden. Deze gemeenschappen missen vaak de infrastructuur, zoals effectieve afvoersystemen of toegang tot koele ruimtes, om zichzelf te beschermen tegen extreme weersomstandigheden. Bovendien hebben ze mogelijk beperkte financiële middelen om zich te herstellen van rampen, wat bestaande ongelijkheden verergert. Terwijl rijkere groepen zich vaak kunnen aanpassen of onttrekken van klimaatrisico's, kunnen mensen met minder middelen vast komen te zitten in steeds gevaarlijkere omgevingen. [...
Travelling Identities: Gendered Experiences While Doing Research with Young Allochtoon Dutch Muslims
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Intimations of an ‘Us’ When Imagining and Encountering the ‘Refugee Other’:: Reactions and responses to refugees’ presence in Indonesia
No full textHost societies’ imaginings of and encounters with refugees are imbued by representa-tions of identities. These representations act to produce and reproduce constructs of collective selves and otherness. This dissertation looks at such representations in In-donesia, generated as reactions and responses to refugees’ presence. It is based on use of a Critical Discourse Studies approach and ethnographic research in multiple sites, namely Jakarta, Cisarua (Java), and Medan, with shorter visits to the Riau Islands and Makassar. Looking at refugee reception as an assemblage (the English term standardly adopted to translate Deleuze and Guattari’s agencement), my study asks: How do the representations of refugees in Indonesia’s media and political discourses, and in situat-ed encounters with refugees, reflect and inform constructions of host societies’ identi-ties? The empirical findings highlight how these representations work to produce con-structs of host societies’ ‘selves’ and refugees’ ‘otherness’. In understanding refugee reception systems and processes as an assemblage, this study uses an ontology of connections between multiplicities, connections that bring together an exploration of the space and place that inform host societies’ imaginings and encounters with refugees. Refugees’ varied living conditions in Indonesia are af-fected by urban spaces that situate the encounters with host societies. Meanwhile, host societies’ imaginings of refugees continue to understand refugees’ presence as a temporary transit in Indonesia despite the fact these transits are increasingly pro-longed indefinitely due to a sharp decline in refugee resettlement to other countries. The assemblage of refugee reception is also deeply emotive. The onus placed on refugees to ‘prove’ the existence of a ‘well-founded’ fear relies not only on their ability to present facts of their persecution, but also to emotionally convince others of their rights of being in a particular space, within a host country’s borders and/or more spe-cifically in a neighbourhood or a particular accommodation. As such, a study on refu-gee reception assemblage must consider spatiality and temporality, imaginings and en-counters, and emotions and affect; all of which are considered in this dissertation. For exploring this ontology of multiplicity and connections, in this study I was par-ticularly interested in host societies’ use of words, expressed in selected texts and ob-served contexts, which illuminate what representation, reactions, and responses do in the assemblage of refugee reception. This is presented through four empirical chap-ters based respectively on the following methods: (a) media analysis of 228 news arti-cles, from three contrasting geographic locations; (b) ‘What is the Problem Repre-sented to Be’ frame analysis, applied to the Presidential Regulation no. 125/ 2016 on the treatment of international refugees; (c) thematic discussions of solidarity and ‘so-cial jealousy’ in encounters between host societies and refugees; and (d) thematic dis-cussion of rumours of relationships between Indonesian women and refugee men. These chapters are my selected entry points into the assemblage of refugee reception. Each chapter shows how representations, reactions, and responses to refugees are loaded with emotions, some of which function to motivate assistance, kindness, and help that may offer a solidaristic shift in host societies-refugee relations, while simulta-neously some contain discourses of insecurity and jealousy that counteract such soli-darity. Through these four complementary investigations, we see how host societies’ im-aginings and encounters with refugees are woven into the narratives of Indonesian-ness. These four chapters are preceded by a preliminary chapter of historical contex-tualisation, on the emergence and evolution of national identity discourses in the area of Indonesia, and reflection on the national language’s conscious use of both inclusive (Kita) and exclusive (Kami) forms of the concept ‘We’. A discussion about intimations of an ‘Us’ in the assemblage of refugee reception offers a window to the story of an Indonesian nation told through examination of migration and movement, as experi-enced not by those who are forced or chose to move, but by the host societies that have the ability to affect and be affected by the mobilities of others
Intimations of an ‘Us’ When Imagining and Encountering the ‘Refugee Other’::Reactions and responses to refugees’ presence in Indonesia
Get PDFHost societies’ imaginings of and encounters with refugees are imbued by representa-tions of identities. These representations act to produce and reproduce constructs of collective selves and otherness. This dissertation looks at such representations in In-donesia, generated as reactions and responses to refugees’ presence. It is based on use of a Critical Discourse Studies approach and ethnographic research in multiple sites, namely Jakarta, Cisarua (Java), and Medan, with shorter visits to the Riau Islands and Makassar. Looking at refugee reception as an assemblage (the English term standardly adopted to translate Deleuze and Guattari’s agencement), my study asks: How do the representations of refugees in Indonesia’s media and political discourses, and in situat-ed encounters with refugees, reflect and inform constructions of host societies’ identi-ties? The empirical findings highlight how these representations work to produce con-structs of host societies’ ‘selves’ and refugees’ ‘otherness’. In understanding refugee reception systems and processes as an assemblage, this study uses an ontology of connections between multiplicities, connections that bring together an exploration of the space and place that inform host societies’ imaginings and encounters with refugees. Refugees’ varied living conditions in Indonesia are af-fected by urban spaces that situate the encounters with host societies. Meanwhile, host societies’ imaginings of refugees continue to understand refugees’ presence as a temporary transit in Indonesia despite the fact these transits are increasingly pro-longed indefinitely due to a sharp decline in refugee resettlement to other countries. The assemblage of refugee reception is also deeply emotive. The onus placed on refugees to ‘prove’ the existence of a ‘well-founded’ fear relies not only on their ability to present facts of their persecution, but also to emotionally convince others of their rights of being in a particular space, within a host country’s borders and/or more spe-cifically in a neighbourhood or a particular accommodation. As such, a study on refu-gee reception assemblage must consider spatiality and temporality, imaginings and en-counters, and emotions and affect; all of which are considered in this dissertation. For exploring this ontology of multiplicity and connections, in this study I was par-ticularly interested in host societies’ use of words, expressed in selected texts and ob-served contexts, which illuminate what representation, reactions, and responses do in the assemblage of refugee reception. This is presented through four empirical chap-ters based respectively on the following methods: (a) media analysis of 228 news arti-cles, from three contrasting geographic locations; (b) ‘What is the Problem Repre-sented to Be’ frame analysis, applied to the Presidential Regulation no. 125/ 2016 on the treatment of international refugees; (c) thematic discussions of solidarity and ‘so-cial jealousy’ in encounters between host societies and refugees; and (d) thematic dis-cussion of rumours of relationships between Indonesian women and refugee men. These chapters are my selected entry points into the assemblage of refugee reception. Each chapter shows how representations, reactions, and responses to refugees are loaded with emotions, some of which function to motivate assistance, kindness, and help that may offer a solidaristic shift in host societies-refugee relations, while simulta-neously some contain discourses of insecurity and jealousy that counteract such soli-darity. Through these four complementary investigations, we see how host societies’ im-aginings and encounters with refugees are woven into the narratives of Indonesian-ness. These four chapters are preceded by a preliminary chapter of historical contex-tualisation, on the emergence and evolution of national identity discourses in the area of Indonesia, and reflection on the national language’s conscious use of both inclusive (Kita) and exclusive (Kami) forms of the concept ‘We’. A discussion about intimations of an ‘Us’ in the assemblage of refugee reception offers a window to the story of an Indonesian nation told through examination of migration and movement, as experi-enced not by those who are forced or chose to move, but by the host societies that have the ability to affect and be affected by the mobilities of others.<br/
What are refugees represented to be?:A frame analysis of the presidential regulation no. 125 of 2016 concerning the treatment of refugees “from abroad”
Get PDFThe Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 concerning the Treatment of Refugees (PR) was a promising step to a better humanitarian response for refugees and asylum seekers arriving in Indonesia. It also provided a much-needed legal framework to validate refugees' presence and to ground civil - society organizations' advocacy on their behalf. However, a closer look at the PR and earlier drafts of the document shows serious compromises that: (1) reproduce the notion that refugees are only transiting in Indonesia; (2) frame refugees as passive objects, failing to recognize them as subjects with rights; and (3) prioritize security concerns that position refugees at odds with Indonesian society (masyarakat). Using the “What's the Problem Represented to be” approach, this article highlights what is included and excluded from the PR and how it falls short of guaranteeing meaningful protection for refugees while living in Indonesia.</p
“We Cannot Afford to Take Any Risks”: Refugees in Indonesia under Self-Isolation amidst COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textRefugees in Indonesia are stuck in “troubled transit” (Missbach 2015), hoping for resettlement, living in a constant state of uncertainty. Their ‘refugee’ identities are defined by their past traumas and search for a future home. In their present state of indefinite ‘transit’ in Indonesia, they try to adapt by developing a sense of community, setting up learning centers, and arranging activities such as football games or outings with friends as a way to manage the overwhelming abundance of time and cope with the uncertainty of being ‘stuck.’ However, as the COVID-19 pandemic forces most people, including refugees, indoors, these activities are put to a halt. Uncertainty piled upon uncertainty, the question of what to do with time comes crushing back in
Intimations of an ‘Us’ When Imagining and Encountering the ‘Refugee Other’::Reactions and responses to refugees’ presence in Indonesia
Get PDFHost societies’ imaginings of and encounters with refugees are imbued by representa-tions of identities. These representations act to produce and reproduce constructs of collective selves and otherness. This dissertation looks at such representations in In-donesia, generated as reactions and responses to refugees’ presence. It is based on use of a Critical Discourse Studies approach and ethnographic research in multiple sites, namely Jakarta, Cisarua (Java), and Medan, with shorter visits to the Riau Islands and Makassar. Looking at refugee reception as an assemblage (the English term standardly adopted to translate Deleuze and Guattari’s agencement), my study asks: How do the representations of refugees in Indonesia’s media and political discourses, and in situat-ed encounters with refugees, reflect and inform constructions of host societies’ identi-ties? The empirical findings highlight how these representations work to produce con-structs of host societies’ ‘selves’ and refugees’ ‘otherness’. In understanding refugee reception systems and processes as an assemblage, this study uses an ontology of connections between multiplicities, connections that bring together an exploration of the space and place that inform host societies’ imaginings and encounters with refugees. Refugees’ varied living conditions in Indonesia are af-fected by urban spaces that situate the encounters with host societies. Meanwhile, host societies’ imaginings of refugees continue to understand refugees’ presence as a temporary transit in Indonesia despite the fact these transits are increasingly pro-longed indefinitely due to a sharp decline in refugee resettlement to other countries. The assemblage of refugee reception is also deeply emotive. The onus placed on refugees to ‘prove’ the existence of a ‘well-founded’ fear relies not only on their ability to present facts of their persecution, but also to emotionally convince others of their rights of being in a particular space, within a host country’s borders and/or more spe-cifically in a neighbourhood or a particular accommodation. As such, a study on refu-gee reception assemblage must consider spatiality and temporality, imaginings and en-counters, and emotions and affect; all of which are considered in this dissertation. For exploring this ontology of multiplicity and connections, in this study I was par-ticularly interested in host societies’ use of words, expressed in selected texts and ob-served contexts, which illuminate what representation, reactions, and responses do in the assemblage of refugee reception. This is presented through four empirical chap-ters based respectively on the following methods: (a) media analysis of 228 news arti-cles, from three contrasting geographic locations; (b) ‘What is the Problem Repre-sented to Be’ frame analysis, applied to the Presidential Regulation no. 125/ 2016 on the treatment of international refugees; (c) thematic discussions of solidarity and ‘so-cial jealousy’ in encounters between host societies and refugees; and (d) thematic dis-cussion of rumours of relationships between Indonesian women and refugee men. These chapters are my selected entry points into the assemblage of refugee reception. Each chapter shows how representations, reactions, and responses to refugees are loaded with emotions, some of which function to motivate assistance, kindness, and help that may offer a solidaristic shift in host societies-refugee relations, while simulta-neously some contain discourses of insecurity and jealousy that counteract such soli-darity. Through these four complementary investigations, we see how host societies’ im-aginings and encounters with refugees are woven into the narratives of Indonesian-ness. These four chapters are preceded by a preliminary chapter of historical contex-tualisation, on the emergence and evolution of national identity discourses in the area of Indonesia, and reflection on the national language’s conscious use of both inclusive (Kita) and exclusive (Kami) forms of the concept ‘We’. A discussion about intimations of an ‘Us’ in the assemblage of refugee reception offers a window to the story of an Indonesian nation told through examination of migration and movement, as experi-enced not by those who are forced or chose to move, but by the host societies that have the ability to affect and be affected by the mobilities of others.<br/
Book Review: Malkki, Liisa H., The Need to Help: The Domestic Arts of International Humanitarianism
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