334 research outputs found
Precision Health and AI: improving health for everyone - Arjun Panesar (DDM Health)
No full textThis video is the twelfth talk from our two day Future Blood Testing: Challenges & Opportunities Event that took place on the 14/09/2022.
Precision Health and AI: improving health for everyone - Arjun Panesar (DDM Health)
Bio: Arjun Panesar is the founder of DDM Health, providers of clinically-validated digital health solutions to over 1.8 million people. Benefiting from almost two decades of experience in big data, AI and AI ethics, Arjun leads the development of evidence-based digital innovations that harness the power of machine learning to provide precision medicine to patients, health services, and governments. Arjun’s work has received international recognition featuring in the Forbes, New Scientist, BBC and The Times. Arjun is a best-selling author on the topics of healthcare and AI, authoring two editions of Machine Learning and AI in Healthcare, and contributing to Handbook of Global Health, a major reference work. Arjun is an advisor to the Information School, University of Sheffield, Fellow to the NHS Innovation Accelerator, visiting lecturer at University of Warwick Medical School, and was recognised by Imperial College as an Alumni Leader for his contribution and impact to society.
Further details on this event can be found at: https://futurebloodtesting.org/event/13-14-09-2022/
This video is an output from the Future Blood Testing Network which is funded by EPSRC under Grant Number EP/W000652/1
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/clPmdeLP5_
Financial Management of Globalization of Developing Countries
No full texthuman development, economic growth, globalization, inequality, poverty
EMG-informed neuromusculoskeletal models accurately predict knee loading measured using instrumented implants
No full textObjective: Using a musculoskeletal modelling framework, we aimed to (1) estimate knee joint loading using static optimization (SO); (2) explore different calibration functions in electromyogram (EMG)-informed models used in estimating knee load; and (3) determine, when using an EMG-informed stochastic method, if the measured joint loadings are solutions to the muscle redundancy problem when investigating only the uncertainty in muscle forces. Methods: Musculoskeletal models for three individuals with instrumented knee replacements were generated. Muscle forces were calculated using SO, EMG-informed, and EMGinformed stochastic methods. Measured knee joint loads from the prostheses were compared to the SO and EMGinformed solutions. Root mean square error (RMSE) in joint load estimation was calculated, and the muscle force ranges were compared. Results: The RMSE ranged between 192-674 N, 152-487 N, and 7-108 N for the SO, the calibrated EMG-informed solution, and the best fit stochastic result, respectively. The stochastic method produced solution spaces encompassing the measured joint loading up to 98% of stance. Conclusion: Uncertainty in muscle forces can account for total knee loading and it is recommended that, where possible, EMG measurements should be included to estimate knee joint loading. Significance: This work shows that the inclusion of EMG-informed modelling allows for better estimation of knee joint loading when compared to SO.Kieran J. Bennett, Claudio Pizzolato, Saulo Martelli, Jasvir S. Bahl, Arjun Sivakumar, Gerald J. Atkins, Lucian Bogdan Solomon, and Dominic Thewli
Freedom of choice or force of circumstance? : Eastern European sex-workers in the Republic of Cyprus ; paper for the conference 'Alltag der Globalisierung. Perspektiven einer transnationalen Anthropologie', January 16-18, 2003, Institute of Cultural Anthropology and European Ethnology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main
No full textThis paper focuses on Eastern European migrants who, since the beginning of the 1990s, are entering the Republic Cyprus as “artistes”. This is a visa permit status as well as an euphemism for short-term work permits in the local sex industry. In addition to exploring the migrational experiences of these women and their living and working conditions in the Republic of Cyprus, the paper reconstructs, empirically and analyt ically, the connection between immigration and the local sex industry. Here, several categories of social actors and institutions in Cyprus are actively involved. The rhetoric of government representatives, entrepreneurs and clients in the sex business on the one hand is contrasted with the discourse of local NGO representatives concerned with immigrants’ rights on the other hand. The paper comes to the conclusion that all of these discursive positions ultimately do not do justice to the complex process of decisionmaking that women undergo who migrate into the sex industry. Either, freedom of choice is emphasized – such as by entrepreneurs and the government – or the domination of women – as in the public statements of the NGO. In order to analyze the ambivalent tension between freedom of choice and submission to force by which the women’s decision is characterized, the author employs Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality, which describes forms of political regulation that use the individual’s freedom of action as an instrument to exercise power
Fine-tuning generative models
No full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-76).Deep generative models have emerged as a powerful modeling paradigm for making sense of large amounts of unlabeled real-world data. In particular, the representations produced by these models have proven to be useful both in improving human understanding of the factors of variation in the original dataset and in downstream tasks such as classification. Most current algorithms, however, require training a bespoke model from scratch, which can be both expensive and time-consuming. Instead, we propose various methods of fine-tuning pre-trained generative models to achieve these goals, and evaluate these methods quantitatively on few-shot classification and interpretability tasks.by Arjun Khandelwal.M. Eng.M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Scienc
Improving parking garage efficiency using reservation optimization techniques
No full textParking in urban and suburban districts is becoming increasingly problematic due the information gap between the parking garages and the average commuter. This thesis describes and evaluates techniques that can be implemented by parking garages to augment parking garage efficiency. The issues studied in this thesis were i) Real-time tracking of car position ii) maximizing the number of reservations made for the parking garage by re-arrangement of existing reservations (Reservation Defragmentation) and iii) maximizing revenue for the parking garage through increased occupancy (Revenue Management). For the tracking problem, in order to be able to track the real-time position of the vehicle inside the parking garage, we have proposed two techniques. The first one involves a high accuracy algorithm that takes as input a higher number of sensor values (high accuracy) and the second one is a lower cost algorithm that takes as input fewer number of sensor values (low cost). We simulated various conditions of sensor failure rate and determined our metric to be number of tracked points as a percentage of the path to the destination. We determined limitations of these algorithms with respect to maximum speed of cars and inter-car distance. For the reservation defragmentation problem, we looked at increasing occupancy efficiency for i) Next day reservations and ii) Current day reservations. For this problem, we implemented three algorithms. For next day reservations, we established metrics to determine the efficiency of the algorithm including number of free parking spots created and reduction in lengths of free space in between the reservations. For current day reservations, our metric was the increase in maximum occupancy observed due to defragmentation. For increased revenue management, we suggested the application of two techniques: Booking limits and Overbooking. In booking limits, two-fare class of parking was suggested and the number of spots that need to be reserved for higher class (Capacity of garage - booking limit) was determined for probability distributions of customer arrival such as Poisson distribution. Since the practice of overbooking is done in order to compensate for the no-shows that occur despite reservations made, we have suggested an algorithm to determine the amount of overbooking based on a Gaussian distribution of customer ‘no-shows’. We obtained the following results for the algorithms implemented. In case of the tracking algorithm, as the sensor failure rate increased, the inaccuracy of the two proposed algorithms also increased. For 2% failure rate, we track 0.4% of the incoming cars inaccurately (given that a tracking is marked as correct if 75% or less of all sensors along the path of the car fail). In case of reservation defragmentation, we obtained best results for Recursive First-Fit algorithm. For next day reservation defragmentation, using a mean of 15% cancellation of reservations resulted in 14.6% decrease in occupied parking spots which can then lead to increased occupancy and 46.3% decrease in inter-reservation free space sizes for a 1000 arrival reservation system. The reservations were exponentially distributed with a mean of 20 reservations/hour. For current day reservations, we were able to increase maximum occupancy of the parking garage by 5.5% using Recursive First Fit algorithm. Among other conditions, we have evaluated Poisson arrival distribution with corporate arrival rate 100 cars/hour (Flintsch et al., 2006) [56] and corporate fare twice of leisure fare. For this condition, protection level (number of parking slots reserved for corporate class) is determined to be 20% of garage capacity. We also evaluated Binomial distribution with probability of incoming customer to be corporate customer as 0.5 and corporate fare twice of leisure fare. For this condition, protection level is determined to be 50% of garage capacity. We evaluated overbooking for several combinations of No-show rates, mean and standard deviation values and the highest amount of overbooking we obtained was 1.93 times maximum garage capacity and this implies that permitting this number of reservations for the parking garage would minimize the number of parking spots being under-utilized and increase the revenue of the parking garage operator due to effective use of parking spots. The algorithms have been simulated for different arrival distributions (for Revenue Management), different arrival rates (tracking) as well as variable durations of stay (reservation defragmentation). Besides the problems mentioned, there are certain other aspects, such as generalizing the tracking algorithms for parking garages of arbitrary layouts represents the work that needs to be done in the future.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Arjun Ra
Gait biomechanics after proximal femoral nailing of intertrochanteric fractures
No full textPublished April 2023Proximal femur fractures in the elderly are associated with significant loss of independence, mobility, and quality of life. This prospective study aimed to: (1)investigate gait biomechanics in intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) patients (A1 and A2AO/OTA) managed via femoral nailing at 6 weeks and 6 months postoperative and how these compared with similarly aged elderly controls; and (2) investigate whether femoral offset shortening (FOS) and lateral lag screw protrusion (LSP) were associated with changes in gait biomechanics at postoperative time points. Hipradiographs and gait data were collected for 34 patients at 6 weeks and 6 monthspostoperatively. Gait data were also collected from similarly aged controls. FOS andLSP were measured from radiographs. Joint angles, external moments, and powerswere calculated for the hip, knee, and ankle and compared between time points inITF patients and healthy controls using statistical parametric mapping. The relationship between radiographic measures with gait speed, step length, peak hip abduction, and maximum hip abduction moment was assessed using a Pearson correlation. External hip adduction moments and hip power generation improved inthe first 6 months postoperative, but differed significantly from healthy controls during single limb stance. LSP showed a moderate correlation with maximum hip abduction moment at 6 weeks postoperative (r=−0.469,p= 0.048). These results provide new detail on functional outcomes after ITF and potential mechanisms that functional deficiencies may stem from. Lag screw prominence may be an important factor in maintaining functional independence and minimizing the risk of secondary falls after ITF in the elderly.Arjun Sivakumar, Mark Rickman, Dominic Thewli
Raw data for "Activation of oligonucleotide polyanions using collisions, electrons and photons in a timsOmni platform"
No full textRaw mass spectral data used to prepare the figures of the article "Activation of oligonucleotide polyanions using collisions, electrons and photons in a timsOmni platform", by Frédéric Rosu,1 Rim Chiba,1 Arjun Mani Mallika,1 Athanasios Smyrnakis,2 Jean-François Greisch,3 Dimitris Papanastasiou,2 Valérie Gabelica1*
1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
2 Fasmatech Science & Technology, 15232 Chalandri, Athens, Greece.
3 Bruker Switzerland AG, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland.
* Corresponding author: [email protected]
The data is organized by Table or Figure number as in the manuscript main text and supporting information
Owners Playing it Safe: A Law and Economics Explanation of Why Sports Franchises Relocate
No full text(10 Willamette Sports L.J., no. 1, 2012, at 1). This article analyzes how state and local taxes can drive a franchise’s decision to relocate.
First, the article analyzes the benefits a sports franchise provides that will be lost if a team relocates. Next, the article uses an example to illustrate how unfavorable state and local taxes can influence relocation decision-making by risk-averse team owners, provides empirical evidence from recent relocation cases, and describes how state and local taxes affect the everyday operation of a sports franchise. The article concludes by proposing a revenue-neutral income tax carve-out that corrects the distortionary effect of state and local taxes on sports franchises and allows high-tax cities to keep their teams in an effective and fair manner
Gait Biomechanics after Femoral Nailing of Intertrochanteric Fractures
No full textIntertrochanteric fractures of the hip are highly prevalent in the elderly and commonly managed using single and dual lag screw femoral nails. Biomechanical studies show differences between devices in the mechanics of maintaining fracture stability, however, clinical outcomes have been conflicting. An understanding of joint biomechanics and gait following surgical management will allow us to quantify functional outcomes in detail and understand femoral nail parameters that influence joint biomechanics. The central aim of this thesis was to investigate clinical and functional outcomes after femoral nailing of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.
Following an introduction in chapter one, the second chapter in this thesis was a systematic review and meta-analysis that determined aseptic reoperation rates and failure mechanisms contributing to reoperation in patients managed with single and dual screw devices. This study identified no difference between patients managed with single and dual separated screw devices in reoperation rates. It also identified insufficient clinical outcome data available for patients managed with dual integrated screw devices.
The third chapter presented a protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of using single or dual integrated screw devices and lag screw locking mode on clinical outcomes. This chapter incorporated the use of gait biomechanics outcomes using objective measures from gait analysis and formed the methodological underpinnings of this thesis.
The fourth chapter, a critical methodological component of this thesis, developed an instrumented walking frame and musculoskeletal modelling framework that allowed for gait analysis of walker-reliant individuals. Additionally, effects of including handle-reaction forces on residual forces during modelling were evaluated. Results showed improved estimates of musculoskeletal loads of the torso by reducing residual forces.
The fifth chapter investigated changes in joint biomechanics between six weeks and six months post-operative and associations between femoral offset shortening and lateral lag screw protrusion with gait analysis outcomes. Results found improvements in hip, knee and ankle biomechanics between six weeks and six months. Additionally, deficiencies in hip abduction and power generation of patients at six months were found in comparison with elderly controls. Results further revealed a moderate association between larger amounts of lateral lag screw protrusion with decreased hip abduction moments at six weeks.
In the sixth chapter, hip joint reaction forces were investigated between patients treated with a single and dual integrated lag screw femoral nail. Results showed higher hip joint reaction forces at six weeks in the dual integrated screw group along with an average double peak hip loading profile that was not displayed in the single screw group at this timepoint. Results further indicated higher force generation of the hip abductor muscles in the dual integrated screw group. Additionally, no differences were identified between groups at six months.
The collection of studies presented in this thesis provide new detail on functional outcomes following femoral nailing of elderly intertrochanteric fractures by describing gait biomechanics outcomes for the first time. Minimising the amount of lateral lag screw protrusion has been identified as an important factor in maintaining biomechanical outcomes of the hip that are crucial to medio-lateral stability. It also provided evidence that using a dual integrated screw device is associated with superior hip joint loading patterns and force generation of the hip abductors at earlier timepoints when compared to using single lag screw devices. This may be clinically useful in allowing for faster recovery of function in intertrochanteric fracture patients undergoing fracture fixation via proximal femoral nail.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, 202
- …
