2 research outputs found
Analisis Unjuk Kerja Four Stroke Diesel Engine terhadap Penambahan Hidrogen pada Intake Manifold Menggunakan Bahan Bakar Biodiesel B40 Minyak Jarak
No full textAbstrak- Biodiesel as a renewable fuel has low thermal efficiency and low calorific value. To overcome this, hydrogen needs to be added because it has a high calorific value and can accelerate its combustion process. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of adding hydrogen in the intake manifold to the four-stroke diesel engine performance using B40 biodiesel from castor oil. The experimental method was conducted on a Jiangdong ZH1115N engine with various speeds of 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, and 1400 rpm, loads of 2000 Watts, 3000 Watts, and 4000 Watts, and hydrogen flow rates of 2.5 l/m; 5 l/m; 7.5 l/m; 10 l/m. The parameters tested included power, torque, BMEP, and BSFC. The characteristic test result showed a density of 920 kg/m³, viscosity of 12.88 cSt, flash point of 92°C, and cetane number >56.4. It also indicated that increasing of hydrogen flow reduced BSFC and improved engine power, torque, and BMEP. The engine fuel map showed that a flow rate of 10 l/m yields the most optimum fuel efficiency under all test conditions. So B40 biodiesel combined with hydrogen can enhance fuel efficiency and engine performance, thereby holding potential as an alternative fuel solution supporting sustainable energy transition
Keywords: Hydrogen, Intake Manifold, Diesel Engine, Biodiesel B40, Castor Oi
Fitoremediasi Air Sungai Tercemar Limbah Industri Karet Menggunakan Tumbuhan Kayu Apu (Pistia stratiotes) dan Kiambang (Salvinia molesta)
No full textIndonesia memiliki potensi lahan perkebunan karet yang paling luas di dunia, yaitu mencapai 3,4 juta hektare area (ha) yang membuat Indonesia menjadi salah satu produsen dan eksportir karet alam terbesar di dunia. Hal tersebut membuat perkembangan industri karet di Indonesia meningkat dengan pesat sehingga menjadi penyumbang devisa terbesar kedua setelah kelapa sawit. Namun, meningkatnya industri karet juga membawa dampak negatif yang berasal dari proses pengolahan karet, yaitu berupa limbah buangan. Limbah buangan yang paling dominan dihasilkan oleh industri karet ialah limbah cair, dimana limbah tersebut nantinya akan dibuang ke sungai terdekat. Sungai yang tercemar limbah industri karet tidak memenuhi baku mutu karena memiliki kandungan pencemar berupa TSS, BOD, COD, dan Ammonium yang cukup tinggi. Kondisi tersebut dapat menimbulkan gangguan, kerusakan dan bahaya bagi semua makhluk hidup yang bergantung pada sumber daya air tersebut. Hal inilah yang melatarbelakangi penulis untuk melakukan penelitian terkait penurunan kandungan pencemar pada air sungai tercemar limbah industri karet. Salah satu teknologi yang efektif, efisien, dan tidak membutuhkan biaya mahal untuk diterapkan adalah teknologi fitoremediasi.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efektivitas dan waktu kontak optimum tumbuhan kayu apu (Pistia stratiotes) dan kiambang (Salvinia molesta) dalam menurunkan kandungan pencemar. Kedua tumbuhan tersebut memiliki sifat hiperakumulator serta laju pertumbuhan yang cepat. Selain itu, mampu tumbuh di perairan dengan nutrisi rendah dan mudah ditemui pada sawah, rawa, dan sungai. Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu variasi jenis tumbuhan dan waktu kontak dengan jangka mingguan selama 4 minggu. Pelaksanaan penelitian diawali dengan tahap pendahuluan yang terdiri dari propagasi tumbuhan, aklimatisasi, uji kualitas air tercemar, dan range finding test. Tumbuhan yang digunakan pada uji fitoremediasi merupakan tumbuhan yang telah melalui tahap aklimatisasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu kontak yang paling optimum pada fitoremediasi menggunakan tumbuhan kayu apu adalah hari ke-14 dengan efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi TSS mencapai 72,6%, BOD mencapai 84,7%, COD mencapai 71,3%, dan Ammonium mencapai 97,5%. Sedangkan fitoremediasi menggunakan tumbuhan kiambang memiliki waktu kontak optimum pada hari ke-7 dengan nilai efisiensi tertinggi untuk penurunan konsentrasi TSS mencapai 62,2%, BOD mencapai 75,5%, COD mencapai 54,8%, dan Ammonium mencapai 96,8% atau setara dengan 0,9 mg/L pada waktu kontak 7 hari.
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Indonesia has the largest potential for rubber plantations in the world, which is 3.4 million hectares (ha) making Indonesia one of the largest natural rubber producers and exporters in the world. This makes the development of the rubber industry in Indonesia increase rapidly so that it becomes the second largest foreign exchange earner after palm oil. However, the increase in the rubber industry also brings negative impacts from rubber processing, namely waste disposal. The most dominant waste generated by the rubber industry is liquid waste, where the waste will be discharged into the nearest river. Rivers polluted by rubber industry waste do not meet quality standards because they contain high levels of pollutants in the form of TSS, BOD, COD, and Ammonium. These conditions can cause disturbance, damage and danger to all living things that depend on these water resources. This is what motivated the author to conduct research related to reducing pollutant content in river water polluted by rubber industry waste. One technology that is effective, efficient, and does not require expensive costs to implement is phytoremediation technology.
This study aims to determine the effectiveness and optimum contact time of kayu apu (Pistia stratiotes) and kiambang (Salvinia molesta) in reducing pollutant content. Both plants have hyperaccumulator properties and fast growth rates. In addition, it is able to grow in waters with low nutrients and is easily found in rice fields, swamps, and rivers. The variables used in this study were variations in plant species and contact time with a weekly period of 4 weeks. The research implementation begins with the preliminary stage consisting of plant propagation, acclimatization, polluted water quality test, and range finding test. The plants used in the phytoremediation test are plants that have gone through the acclimatization stage.
The results showed that the most optimum contact time in phytoremediation using kayu apu plants was on day 14 and the efficiency of reducing the concentration of TSS was 72,6%, BOD was 84,7%, COD was 7,.3%, and Ammonium was 97,5%. Meanwhile, the optimum contact time in phytoremediation using kiambang plants was on day 7 and the highest efficiency value for decreasing the concentration of TSS was 62.2%, BOD was 75.5%, COD was 54.8%, and Ammonium was 96.8% or equal to 0.9 mg/L at a contact time of 7 days
