184,199 research outputs found
Variability In The Ecoraces Of Tropical Tasar Sillkworm Antheraea Mylitta Drury
No full textTropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury is exploited in countries for commercial silk production and improved varieties of these silkworms can be evolved by employing various breeding techniques. As the insect has established itself in various forms of ecological populations (Commonly called as ecoraces) in different geographical niches of the country depending on food plants and micro-environmental conditions available to them, the species exists in the form of nearly 44 ecoraces (Singh and Srivastava,1997, Srivastava,2002 and Srivastava et at. 2007) distributed over different states. However, due to free interbreeding in nature for centuries, the fauna is highly heterogeneous.

Tasar culture is a forest based industry being practiced as tradition, since time immemorial by the tribes of Central India, extending from West Bengal in the East to Karnataka in South. The species A. mylitta D. is polyphagous in nature. The present study comprises the ecoraces of tropical tasar silkworm of A. mylitta D. These ecoraces are mainly restricted in the tropical moist deciduous forest area where the average rainfall varies between 1200-2000 mm and the deciduous zone of the dry tropical forest area where the average rainfall has been observed to be about 1000 mm. The Primary food plants of the insects are Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia arjuna and Shorea robusta and secondary food plants are Terminalia chebula, T. bellerica, T. peniculata, Zizyphus jujuba etc. The phenotypic and genotypic variability is very much prominent. The present review paper comprises the extent and degree of natural variation in tropical tasar silkworm A. mylitta D
FIGURE 1 in LAKPA TAMANG, BIKRAMJIT SINHA & SHANTABALA DEVI GURUMAYUM (2015) Exostoma tenuicaudata, a new species of glyptosternine catfish (Siluriformes: Sisoridae) from the upper Brahmaputra drainage, northeastern India. Zootaxa, 4048(3): 441-445.
No full textFIGURE 1. Exostoma tenuicaudata, ZSI/APFS 929, holotype, 108 mm SL; India: Arunachal Pradesh, showing: A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view; C. ventral view.Published as part of Tamang, Lakpa, Sinha, Bikramjit & Gurumayum, Shantabala Devi, 2016, LAKPA TAMANG, BIKRAMJIT SINHA & SHANTABALA DEVI GURUMAYUM (2015) Exostoma tenuicaudata, a new species of glyptosternine catfish (Siluriformes: Sisoridae) from the upper Brahmaputra drainage, northeastern India. Zootaxa, 4048(3): 441-445., pp. 598-600 in Zootaxa 4111 (5) on page 598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/26761
Life and death of axial volcanic ridges: segmentation and crustal accretion at the Reykjanes Ridge
No full textIn this paper we present a description of ridge segmentation and segment evolution at the slow spreading Reykjanes Ridge, based on the combined and integrated interpretation of several geophysical datasets acquired along this section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. At the Reykjanes Ridge, segmentation is manifest at the seabed most clearly as axial volcanic ridges (AVRs). These correspond to third-order segments, while multiple adjacent AVRs collectively represent the larger-scale pattern of second-order segmentation. AVRs are known to undergo a life cycle of multiple phases of magmatic accretion, tectonic extension and dismemberment.Our combined interpretation of the results of the previously independently analysed datasets indicates that magma influx from the mantle to the crust associated with these cycles is initially focused towards second-order segment centres. Adjacent AVRs within a second-order segment are progressively rejuvenated from the segment centre towards the segment tips during each cycle, with the redistribution of magma along-axis occurring within individual AVRs at mid-crustal to upper-crustal level during the magmatic phase. In some cases, offset basins between adjacent AVRs are characterised by significant crustal melt accumulation and increased crustal thickness, indicating that they are currently sites of incipient AVR growth. The initiation of new AVRs within former offset basins, and the abandonment of other AVRs, indicates that third-order segments have a finite and limited life span.As part of this study we have mapped the geometry and location of all abandoned (inactive), relict AVRs preserved off-axis to form the basis of a reconstruction of the pattern of asymmetric spreading. Using this reconstruction we have developed a new model of AVR evolution, spanning 2 Myr of crustal accretion, that reveals nested scales and phases of accretion, in which each AVR undergoes multiple tectonomagmatic cycles before ending its life once it has migrated sufficiently far across the median valley to become isolated from its melt supply. Once extinct, AVRs are rafted further off-axis and are preserved in the morphology of the seabed and the thickness of layer 2a.<br/
Cyclocoelum mehrotrai Sinha & Sahay 1975
No full textC. mehrotrai Sinha & Sahay, 1975 Syn. C. mathuri Jain, 1984 Type host. Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus) (Syn. Glottis nebularia Gunnerus) (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae). Type locality. Patna, Bihar, India. Additional host. Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus) (Syn. Tringa hypoleucos Linnaeus) (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae)— Jain (1984). Additional locality. Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India—Jain (1984). Remarks. Cyclocoelum mathuri Jain, 1984 was originally described from two specimens from Actitis hypoleucos collected in the Agra District of India; however, C. mathuri cannot be distinguished from Cyclocoelum mehrotrai Sinha & Sahay, 1975 and is synonymized herein with the latter. Cyclocoelum mehrotrai is larger than C. mathuri (38,000–38,200 compared to 21,800), and although C. mehrotrai has a somewhat smaller cirrus sac (600, 2 % of body length compared to 700, 3 %) and a shorter posttesticular space (542–767, 1 – 2 % of body length compared to about 850, 4 %), the similar percentages of these sizes relative to body length suggest that these differences are a product of growth (size). In addition to the similarities in the measurements, both species have a largely intercecal uterus, the posterior-most uterine loops do not invade the posttesticular space, both are from scolopacid birds from India, and both have a rudimentary oral sucker present—Sinha & Sahay (1975); Jain (1984).Published as part of Dronen, Norman O. & Blend, Charles K., 2015, Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 4053 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23711
Double-Reservoir Deep Echo State Network Architecture for short-term Electricity Demand Forecasting
No full textThis study presents a novel, streamlined and scalable deep Echo State Network (ESN) architecture for demand forecasting in electricity markets. In contemporary electricity markets, where each new day it becomes more difficult to achieve smooth technical operations and not too much volatile electricity prices, the market stakeholders face the problem of forecasting energy demand with increasingly high accuracy and computational efficiency, because knowing demand in advance helps manage coming problems. Deep ESNs demonstrated themselves to be very fitting for the forecasting endeavor. We hence propose a deep ESN architecture for demand forecasting that has higher efficiency than currently used deep ESNs, while maintaining similar forecasting accuracy. Our design strategy is based on disentangling the ESN readout matrix from the individual reservoirs that make the ESN deep, just maintaining the readout weights from the output layer reservoir only. Furthermore, we use Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize the inter-reservoir connecting weights. We will prove, by numerical testing, that this allows our architecture to achieve an accuracy close to that of current deep ESNs, while being more scalable and being based on fewer parameters than the standard deep ESNs. Specifically, we evaluate this architecture by forecasting a daily average electricity demand time series from the Spanish electricity market. Our architecture, once optimized by PSO, is shown to improve over some common benchmarks and state-of-the-art methods
Coupling the PLANKTOM5.0 marine ecosystem model to the OCCAM 1º ocean general circulation model for investigation of the sensitivity of global biogeochemical cycles to variations in ecosystem complexity and physical environment
No full textThe earliest marine ecosystem models consisted of a simple representation of the main features of marine ecosystems, including, typically, variables for phytoplankton, zooplankton, nutrient and detritus (NPZD models). These have been incorporated into ocean general circulation models to give a basic representation of ecosystem function, providing predictions of bulk quantities such as global primary production, export and biomass which can be compared with available observations. A recent trend has been to increase the number of phytoplankton and zooplankton groups modelled, as analogues of different plankton groups observed to exist in the ocean, for example diatoms and cocolithophores (the so-called plankton functional type or PFT approach). It is usually assumed that the increase in complexity of the model will result in simulated ecosystems which more faithfully reproduce observations than NPZD models, but this has not been demonstrated systematically. The robustness of the PFT models to changes in model parameters and to changes to the physical environment in which it is embedded, have not been investigated. As a first step towards these goals, we incorporate a state-of-the-art PFT model, PLANKTOM5.0 into the OCCAM ocean general circulation model. A 6 year simulation is performed, covering the years 1989-1994 with identical parameter choices to an existing run of PLANKTOM5.0 coupled to the OPA general circulation model. This document describes the development of the coupled model and the 6 year simulation. Comparison with the OPA model and sensitivity of the solution to parameter choices will be described in a forthcoming journal paper
Raw dataset of tensile engineering stress-strain from advanced polymer architecture fluoroelastomer test inflatable seals, produced by cold feed extrusion and continuous cure and aimed at Gen IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor technology
No full textThe raw dataset of tensile engineering stress strain was obtained by stretching (50 mm/ min) ASTM Die C dumb-bell specimens (till failure) in a Hounsfield UTM (H10KS) at ambient and elevated (120 Degree Celsius/ hot) temperatures. The specimens from 2 defective test inflatable seals (Seals), 3 per Seal Quadrant (per measuring temperature), were stretched after environmental conditioning and without stress softening. The fluorohydrocarbon rubber (FKM) Seals, belonging to the 500 MW(e) sodium cooled Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor design and produced by cold feed extrusion (and continuous cure), were rejected (manufacture: 2007) due to several quality issues. Tensile tests in the UTM after standard-Seal-storage, as part of broader experimental design (2017- 2019), were aimed at a quality consistency in consonance with the Gen IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor technology. For that purpose, specimen- preparation (from the Seals) had to ensure that signature of improper production on the Seal compound (APA-1, 2007) is identifiable by the tests. APA-1 2007, made of advanced polymer architecture (APA), is a blend compound (50 : 50) of peroxide cured Viton GBL 200S : 600S. The raw dataset, containing the signature (residual stress, substantially lower hot tensile strength) of improper production, corresponds to stress-strain curves in a related research article viz., N. K. Sinha, S. Chattopadhyay, 2022. A case study on elimination of premature failure sources from manufacture of fluoroelastomer inflatable seals for sodium cooled fast reactor towards sustainability. Eng Fail Anal. 134, 106039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106039.The related research article showed that the signature (Seal defect) is traceable to defect source i.e., improper cure index of APA-1, 2007. The source propagated from macromolecular to macroscopic domain (i.e. defect) through the routes of premature inception of cure (in APA-1, 2007) and undercure (of APA-1, 2007) during the improper production.The 46 sets of tensile engineering stress-strain (23 per Seal) containing the processing signature are structured across 3 Levels using 7 folders i.e., L-1: RAW_ESS_SEALS, L-2: R_ESS_SEAL-1, L-2: R_ESS_SEAL-2, L-3: R_ESS_SEAL-1-RT, R_ESS_SEAL-1-120, L-3: R_ESS_SEAL-2-RT and R_ESS_SEAL-2-120. Each of the 4 L-3 folders contains 2 PDF files or Tables. Each Table contains data from two Quadrants (6 specimens ideally). The raw dataset was obtained by rounding UTM raw data to a precision of two digits after decimal.The raw dataset carries significant reuse potential (sizing-optimisation-design) for development of APA-FKM/ rubber components by finite element analysis (FEA). Other reuse potential includes modelling-simulation-validation (of defect, manufacture) by residual stress and significantly lower hot tensile strength in the raw dataset using molecular dynamics-Monte Carlo method-FEA. Identification/ development of constitutive relation is common (related research article)
Three-dimensional crustal structure and magma chamber geometry at the intermediate-spreading, back-arc Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin - results of a wide-angle seismic tomographic inversion
No full textIn this paper the results of a tomographic analysis of a 3-D wide-angle seismic refraction data set acquired at the Valu Fa Ridge (VFR) in 1995 are presented. The VFR is an intermediate-spreading ridge located in the southern Lau back-arc basin in the southwest Pacific. The ridge comprises three morphological segments, the Southern, Central and Northern Valu Fa Ridges, separated by overlapping spreading centres (OSCs). Previous seismic experiments have identified a robust axial magmatic system beneath the central segment (CVFR) and the OSC with the northern segment (NVFR). The experiment described in this paper aimed to resolve details of the structure of this magma chamber and the adjacent post-rift crust.A regularized inversion scheme that minimizes model roughness was applied to the first-arrival traveltime picks made from the wide-angle data. A quantitative approach for determining data uncertainties is described based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the arrivals. Several initial model assumptions were tested, including one with a thin melt lens, representing a seismic reflector identified in previous studies, explicitly included in the initial model. The inversion results suggest that crustal layer 2 exhibits northward thickening, which mirrors a similar northward thickening of the whole crust. In addition, local thinning of layer 2 is identified in the vicinity of the boundary between pre- and post-rift crust, which is thought to represent thinning of the crust prior to the onset of rifting. Axial low-velocity anomalies are identified in layer 2B/C and layer 3. The models are consistent with a continuous ? 6 km wide negative velocity anomaly in layer 3 with an amplitude of ? 0.7-0.9 km s-1 relative to off-axis post-rift crust. This anomaly is consistent with the presence of an axial mush zone comprising a small percentage (< 1 per cent) of partial melt. The negative velocity anomaly in layer 2B/C is modelled with its largest amplitude (?0.5 km s-1) beneath the northern OSC. Possible origins for this anomaly include locally thicker crust or locally higher porosity near the OSC, or a high-temperature anomaly associated with the axial magmatic system
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