30 research outputs found
Studies on dyeing process variables for application of Tesu (Butea monosperma) as natural dye on silk fabric
No full textA scientific study on natural dyeing of silk using an environment-friendly mordant (potash alum) has been undertaken to standardize extraction procedure, mordant concentration, and dyeing conditions for Tesu flower petals. Degummed and potash alum pre-mordanted silk fabric has been dyed using aqueous extract of Tesu (Butea monosperma). The effect of varying conditions of extraction and dyeing process variables on the surface color strength and color-related parameters apart from different color fastness properties of the dyed fabric have been standardized. The optimized conditions for dyeing pre-mordanted silk with aqueous extract of Tesu flower petals is 40% dye concentration, material to liquor ratio (MLR) 1:20, pH 4, time 60 min, temperature 60°C, and salt concentration 10 gpl
Studies on dyeing process variables for application of Tesu (<i>Butea monosperma</i>) as natural dye on silk fabric
No full textEffect of Application of Selective UV-absorbers/antioxidants on Raw and Bleached Jute Fabrics by Pad-batch-dry Process for Reduction of Its Photo-degradation and Photo-yellowing Character
No full textTo reduce photo-fading of jute, raw and H2O2 bleached jute fabrics have been treated with selective UV-absorbers and antioxidant compounds by pad-batch-dry technique and subjected to photo-exposure in a weather-o-meter for different hours (0–320 h). The corresponding changes in tensile strength and the rate of reduction in whiteness index and rate of increase in yellowness index with consequent changes in K/S value have been evaluated. Among the selected UV-absorbers and antioxidants, sodium azide and LTDP offer good stability against photo-fading, but these treatments are not fast to washing. On the other hand, 1% benztriazole treatment gives medium to good level of resistance against photo-yellowing with reasonable wash fastness. Two percent benztriazole is applied on jute fabric by the pad-batch-dry technique in acidic media (with acetic acid) shows higher stabilization of whiteness retention (i.e. lesser extent of photo-yellowing) under UV-light exposure than other UV-absorbers/antioxidants though is associated with some small loss in tensile strength. The mechanism of possible interaction between benztriazole and major jute constituents has also been established by comparing the reaction with similar model compound (benzaldehyde) in place of reaction between jute–-hemi-cellulose–CHO and benztriazole. UV–VIS spectrophotometric and FTIR analysis undertaken made to support the said reaction mechanism.</p
THE PASSAGE: Enquiry into the Ephemeral Absence of Social Construct During Transitions
No full text“In the universe, there are things that are known, and things that are unknown, and in between them, there are doors.” ― William Blake. This thesis support paper presents my artistic research on the ephemeral nature of absence in social constructs while relocating myself to new places. I am interrogating a fluid positionality that is continuously shifting, leading me to contextualise the research stance in the between and betwixt of Passage. I am examining the experience of passing from one place, condition, or stage to another and highlight the in-between space made visible through artwork produced with various methods and processes. Throughout, absence is indicated via aesthetics, materiality, and immateriality pointing to subtle boundaries between play and seriousness, the real and imaginary, the ephemeral and permanent. Themes of travel, constraint, absence, liminality, and human consciousness are explored through performative installations, architectural spaces, and different degrees of audience participation. The research generates a dialogue between performance, space, and time which involves bodily experience, live actions with mixed media installations, and time-based works. The choice of media and symbols revolve around various conceptual ideas inspired by academic and non-academic sources — contemporary art, spiritual texts, psychology, lucid visions while meditating — which become the artistic expression's metaphorical core. Anchoring in an auto-ethnographic methodology of resisting mastery, the research was conducted by allowing space for unknowns to reveal their contours through silent being and doing by not doing
The development of latent fingerprints by zinc oxide and tin oxide nanoparticles prepared by precipitation technique
No full textHydrogen peroxide and potassium per-oxo-disulphate combined room temperature bleaching of jute, cotton and jute-cotton union fabrics — An energy-efficient ecofriendly process
No full text221-231A method for room temperature bleaching of jute, cotton and jute-cotton union fabrics using a combination of H₂O₂ and K₂S₂O₈ has been optimized. The measurement of physical properties, such as breaking tenacity, weight loss and surface appearance, including SEM study indicates that the proposed room temperature bleaching process is less damaging to the three types of fabrics studied as compared to conventional hot (85ºC) H₂O₂ bleaching. The whiteness index is within the acceptable range. The suggested reaction mechanism indicates that K₂S₂O₈ acts as a peroxide booster showing a synergistic action. This room temperature bleaching process is energy efficient, ecofriendly and economical, which can be easily adopted by both small scale and large scale sectors
Efficacy of selective surfactants/detergents as washing agents on soiled white and dyed cotton fabrics
No full text223-232Four different types of surfactant, namely
alkyl benzene sulphonate (A), sodium lauryl sulphate (B), glycerol monostearate
(C) and distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (D), have been used in single and
multiple washing of a soiled white/dyed cotton fabric to determine their critical
micelle concentration (CMC) values and to assess their washing performance in terms
of changes in some of the physical properties of fabrics, per cent soil removal
from soiled white fabric and maximum retention of colour depth of dyed fabric. The
washing performance of each surfactant at lower concentration level by multiple
wash cycles has also been studied. Wash
fastness rating by grey scale and washing performance in terms of retention of
colour depth of reactive dye dyed cotton fabric have been assessed and compared
by measuring the corresponding K/S values and colour difference values after
washing with these surfactants by ISO-II and ISO-III methods. It is observed that
the CMC value and the corresponding degree of soil removal at CMC level are 1.9
% and 90.8 % for surfactant A, 1.5 % and 90.6 % for surfactant B, 2 % and 92 % for
surfactant C, and 1% and 39.4 % for surfactant D respectively. On multiple wash,
the surfactants C and D do not show good performance at lower concentration (0.5-1%),
while the surfactant B is found to be better than others. Considering the changes
in physical properties of fabrics after washing, washing performance, critical
micelle concentration of surfactants and retention of colour depth after washing,
the surfactant B shows an overall balanced performance
Thermal behaviour and structural features of chemically and bio-chemically modified jute substrate
No full text355-365Effects of NaOH treatment, conventional hot H₂O₂ bleaching, H₂O₂ and K₂S₂O₈ combined room-temperature bleaching, mixed enzyme treatment and N-methylol resin finishing on thermal behaviour and structural features of jute substrate have been studied. Differential scanning calorimetric study under nitrogen cover reveals distinct peaks for thermal degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of chemically and bio-chemically modified jute, showing some positive or negative shifts of thermal degradation temperatures for each of the three major constituents of jute owing to alkaline / oxidative or enzymolytic degradation or resinification of the jute components. Thiourea formaldehyde (TUF)-resin treatment renders the jute substrate with maximum thermal stability. There is a measurable increase in the crystallinilty percentage for 1-5% NaOH treatment, and the same is decreased on oxidative or enzyme treatment and remains almost unaffected for AMF-resin or TUF-resin treatment. Observed chemical changes / interactions have been explained by the analysis of FTIR spectra and copper number of differently treated jute substrate. Higher copper number is observed for room-temperature bleaching than that for conventional H2O2 bleaching. Changes in the overall surface morphology of the treated fabrics have also been characterized by scanning electron microscopic study. Room-temperature bleaching followed by mixed enzyme treatment shows maximum surface cleanliness with a smooth and less hairy surface appearance. Both AMF-resin and TUF-resin treatments show a surface coverage with a resin film
Effect of selective pretreatments and subsequent mixed enzyme treatment on properties of jute-cotton union fabric
No full text451-467<span style="font-size:
16.0pt;font-family:Fd1490491-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd1490491-Identity-H">Jute-cotton
(75:25) union furnishing fabric has been treated with varying dose of mixed
enzyme (cellulase, xylanase and pectinase) system with or without selective pretreatments
and the consequent changes in important textile-related properties of the
fabric evaluated. For untreated jute-cotton union fabric, 4% (owf) mixed enzyme
treatment at 55°C for 2 h using pH 4.8-5.0 is found to be optimum. Between
cotton (warp) and jute (weft), enzyme action is found to be more pronounced in
cotton than in jute. However, the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis and associated
weight loss for jute are found to increase if the mixed enzyme treatment is
done after selective pretreatments. 1 % NaOH pretreatment at 30°C for 30 min
offers some unique advantages, except browning of surface colour, when
subsequently treated with 4% (owf) mixed enzyme. Steaming of wetted jute-cotton union fabric at 130°C for 5 min
shows almost negligible weight loss and marginal or no strength loss, although
the reduction in stiffness in jute is poor and inadequate. Conventional
scouring followed by 2% H2O2 bleaching with stabilizer A
WNI instead of sodium metasilicate makes the fabric most suited for subsequent
4% mixed enzyme treatment. The use of 5 steel balls in the rotating beaker of
the launder-O-meter during the enzyme treatment is found to be very useful for
the removal of surface fuzz. Changes in functional group pattern and chemical
composition of jute have also been analyzed after the treatments. Scanning
electron microscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies respectively reveal the
changes in the surface morphological features and fine structure of differently
treated jute component of jutecotton union fabric. There is apparent increase
or decrease in X-ray crystallinity due to associated mass loss from
noncrystalline
<span style="font-size:
16.0pt;font-family:Fd1490491-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd1490491-Identity-H">zone/crystalli
ne interface for different pretreatments and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis.
</span
