59 research outputs found
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Cephalaeschna Selys, 1883 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) from Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, India, with notes on C. acanthifrons Joshi & Kunte, 2017 and C. viridifrons (Fraser, 1922)
No full textFIGURE 5: A. Cephalaeschna acanthifrons holotype from Arunachal Pradesh, thorax [Photo by Subhajit Mazumder]; B. Cephalaeschna viridifrons from Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, India [Photo by the author]; C. C. acanthifrons, face [Photo by Subhajit Mazumder]; D. C. viridifrons from Neora Valley National Park, face [Photo by the author]; E. C. viridifrons from Neora Valley National Park, abdomen dorsal view [Photo by the author]; F. C. acanthifrons holotype, anal appendages [Photo by Shantanu Joshi, NCBS]; G. C. viridifrons from Assam, anal appendages (reproduced from Asahina 1981a); H. C. viridifrons from Nepal, anal appendages (reproduced from Asahina 1981a); I. C. viridifrons from Neora Valley National Park, anal appendages [Photo by the author].Published as part of Dawn, Prosenjit, 2021, A new species of Cephalaeschna Selys, 1883 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) from Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, India, with notes on C. acanthifrons Joshi & Kunte, 2017 and C. viridifrons (Fraser, 1922), pp. 371-380 in Zootaxa 4949 (2) on page 378, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/463619
Progress and Obstacles in the Education of Women with Disabilities
No full text<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> I want to show in my research that people from all walks of life should participate in the overall development of this human civilization. Discrimination between men and women has been going on since that time. The path to women's education is already slippery. The problem of women with disabilities is much more complex and deep, better to say distance from civil society. However, women with disabilities have progressed along with women's education to build an inclusive society in the journey of society's progress. However, women with disabilities are deprived of individual freedom and the roof of a better society due to the lack of elimination of all discrimination in the patriarchal society. Along with social evolution, I have tried to highlight various ups and downs in education of women with disabilities.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> women's education, civil society, women with disabilities.</p><p><strong>Title:</strong> Progress and Obstacles in the Education of Women with Disabilities</p><p><strong>Author:</strong> Prosenjit Biswas</p><p><strong>International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research </strong></p><p><strong>ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)</strong></p><p><strong>Vol. 11, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023</strong></p><p><strong>Page No: 253-254</strong></p><p><strong>Research Publish Journals</strong></p><p><strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong></p><p><strong>Published Date: 04-November-2023</strong></p><p><strong>DOI: </strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10071311"><strong>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10071311</strong></a></p><p><strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/progress-and-obstacles-in-the-education-of-women-with-disabilities"><strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/progress-and-obstacles-in-the-education-of-women-with-disabilities</strong></a></p>
Cephalaeschna patrai Dawn 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Cephalaeschna patrai</i> sp. nov. <p> <b>Holotype</b>: Male (Fig. 1F), near the trail from Thulo Dhunga River to Aloobari forest camp, Neora Valley National Park, Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India (27.1195°N, 88.7173°E, alt. 2,306 m a.s.l.), collected when passing by in flight, 6.x.2018, Prosenjit Dawn leg.</p> <p> <b>Paratype</b> (allotype): 1 female (Fig. 3C), small valley near the way from Chowdaphery Forest Camp to Lava (27.0851°N, 88.6996°E, alt. 2,324 m a.s.l.), collected when patrolling in flight, 10.x.2018, Prosenjit Dawn leg.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>: The specific name <i>‘patrai’</i> is coined to honour Mr. Shubhankar Patra, a very dedicated naturalist of West Bengal, associated with documentation of floral and faunal resources for more than 30 years and inspiring many people including the author in nature study and conservation since more than two decades.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>: Dark brown to black dragonfly marked with light apple green and yellow.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>. Compound eyes blue, brownish near the junction of each. Posterior margin of the eye bright yellow (Fig. 1C). Face green and yellow shaded with light brown (Fig. 1A). Face roundish in shape, width more than ½ of the width of head including compound eyes (Fig. 3A). Labrum greenish yellow with black band at the edge, labium entirely black (Fig. 1B). Anteclypeus light brown with yellowish shade towards base. Postclypeus yellow at sides, greenish yellow in the middle and light brownish toward the base. Dorsal side of frons light brown, slightly elevated at crest with a blunt tubercular appearance in the middle in the anterior view. Anterior frons light brown with a palest greenish yellow tinge, laterally yellow margin continues from the postclypeus. Whole face covered with prominent long hairs all around and in the middle of the postclypeus.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>. Prothorax light brown in the middle and yellow at sides. Pterothorax dark brown to black marked with apple green to yellow. Antehumeral stripe apple green, gradually tapering anteriorly. Two spindle shaped spots near the antealar ridge. Dorsal carina as prominent ridge with a pointed projection. Dorsal markings of the thorax shown in Fig. 1D. Two lateral stripes broad and apple green, becoming yellow ventrally; the anterolateral (humeral) stripe broken into two spots, the lower one of which is bigger, connected with the upper with a fine line (Fig. 1E). A small triangular green spot present near the subalar ridge, under a quadrangular spot at forewing base. A small oval shaped yellowish green spot beneath metastigma. Metepimeron with a broad triangular band mostly yellow, separated by a fine line from a green spot at hindwing base. Legs dark brown to black, except for proximal half of all femora brown.</p> <p> <i>Wings</i> hyaline with very light brown tint overall and little darker at the tip. Discoidal cell in forewing three celled (both right and left), 5-celled in right hindwing and 4-celled in left hindwing. Anal membrane white and rudimentary; six cells in anal triangle and eight cells in anal loop for both right and left hindwing. Pterostigma covering 2–3 cells, black in color. Arc in forewing is at the level of distal primary antenodal nervure (Fig. 1G & 2E). Nodal index: 19 antenodals and 17 postnodals in left forewing and 20 antenodals and 14 postnodals in right forewing; 15 antenodals and 17 postnodals in both hindwings. Median space of all wings with four crossveins except the left hindwing having three.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>. Dark brown to black abdomen marked with light green and yellow (Fig. 1F & 1H). S1 with a dorsal narrow sky-blue to greenish band and a quadrangular greenish patch on each side; S2 with a dorsal narrow bluish green band broken in the middle, a pair of narrow dorsolateral triangular marks in the same level of oreillets, which are bright yellow with black posterior margin. The dorsal longitudinal band extended to become narrow green line at the distal border of the segment. S3 to S7 marked dorsally with green in more or less similar manner as follows: dorsal carina with a fine green line interrupted in the middle of the segment and posteriorly connected with a ring near posterior end of each tergum; a pair of elongated triangular middorsal thin marks separated by the carina in the middle. S3–S9 with lateral yellow spot at anterior end of each segment, that of S3 is triangular, S4–S7 elongated oval in shape and reducing to small round spots on S8 and S9 (Fig. 1F & 2B). S8 and S9 with a pair of dorso-lateral oval greenish yellow spots at the distal end and only fine remnants of yellowish line in the anterior end. S10 with two round yellow spots at the posterior border adjacent to the base of the anal appendages and brownish yellow remnant spot at the antero-lateral margin (Fig. 2A).</p> <p> <i>Anal appendages</i> completely black, cerci slightly longer than dorsal length of S10 (Fig. 2A), spatulate in dorsal view (Fig. 2A), blunt rounded end distinctly curved upward to form a prominent tubercle which merges with continuation of the distinct median ridge. The blunt tubercles turn inward in dorsal view (Fig. 3B). From lateral view the cerci appear to gradually broaden towards tip and ends with the upcurving (Fig. 2B & 3C). Paraprocts almost 2/ 3 in length of the cerci, gradually upcurved, slightly bifurcated at the extreme tip and have two small blunt spines at apex. Cerci with many long fine hairs at the inner margin and small setae at the outer edges.</p> <p> <i>Secondary genitalia</i>. Base of the penis dark brown, glans creamy white with a pair of commas shaped brown spots. Tip of the glans again darkened in dorsal view. Two almost transparent filaments of just double the length of glans gradually diverges towards the tip of the glans (Fig. 2C & 2D).</p> <p> <i>Measurements</i>: Abdomen length (including anal appendages): 46 mm, Hind wing length: 38 mm.</p> <p> <b>Description of female</b>. Body color more brownish than male (Fig. 4C). Similar facial and thoracic markings (Fig. 4A, B & D) with male’s, but most of black color parts in male are replaced by dark to light brown in female. Anterolateral stripe broken into two different patches, connected with the finest line. Rest of thoracic color patterns very similar to the male (Fig. 4D). Wings more tinted with light brown (Fig. 4E). Pterostigma dark brown. Triangle 5-celled in forewing, 4-celled in hindwing; anal loop 9-celled in both hind wings. Discoidal cell 5-celled in forewing and hindwing 4-celled. Median space with five cross-veins in right wings and four in left wings. Nodal index: 22 antenodals and 16 postnodals in left forewing and 20 antenodals and 17 postnodals in right forewing; 17 antenodals and 17 postnodals in left hindwing and 15 antenodals and 16 postnodals in right hindwing. Abdominal markings similar to those of the male but much inconspicuous. Dorsal markings on abdomen obscure but S3–S7 each with prominent oval shaped bright yellow spots laterally near the anterior border of the segment. Yellow antero-lateral spot on S8 restricted to a small round spot and lost on S9 and S10. No dentigerous plate on S10. Cerci just equal to the length of dorsal length of S10. The ovipositor as long as just reaching the level of lateral valves (Fig. 4F). Anal appendage black, S9 and S10, ovipositor brown and tip of the valve yellowish.</p> <p> <i>Measurements</i>: Abdomen length (including anal appendages): 44.3 mm, Hind wing length: 39 mm.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>: <i>Cephalaeschna patrai</i> appears to be allied to three Indian species: <i>C. orbifrons, C. viridifrons</i> and <i>C. klapperichi</i> in many morphological aspects. <i>Cephalaeschna orbifrons</i> is known to have more inflated frons and green eyes (Asahina 1981a) whereas <i>C. patrai</i> have comparatively less inflated frons and blue eyes lined with yellow. The shape of the cerci of this species separates it from <i>C. orbifrons</i> and <i>C. viridifrons</i>, the cerci of the <i>C. orbifrons</i> are not prominently broad towards tip and in <i>C. viridifrons</i> it is not completely rounded at tip (Asahina 1981a, b). In addition to the abdominal coloration the current species differs from <i>C. klapperichi</i> by having six cells in anal triangle and eight cells in anal loop, whereas both are five cells in <i>C. klapperichi</i> (Asahina 1981a, 1983). Among the species known from Vietnam, <i>C. aritai</i> Karube, 2003 shows most similarity with the new species with similar facial coloration, discontinuous anterolateral mesothoracic stripe broken into two separate patches, tip of the cerci prominently curved upwards and similar penile structure (Karube 2003); in contrast <i>C. aritai</i> has a constriction in cerci at 1/3 rd distance from base when seen laterally. Additional characters of <i>C. aritai</i> that contradict with <i>C. patrai</i> are the antehumaral stripes gently curved outwards, pterostigma brown instead of black; abdominal maculation different without prominent dorsal midline and comparatively shorter female cerci (Karube 2003). The ventral view of the secondary genitalia in situ associated with the abdominal tergites of S1 and S2 of <i>C. patrai</i> appears very similar to that of <i>C. orbifrons</i>, while the penis ex situ has close similarity with that of <i>Gynacanthaeschna sikkima</i> (Karsch, 1891) in the lateral view (Asahina 1983); though <i>C. patrai</i> is distinguishable by the shape of the cerci from the former species and by presence of 5 celled anal triangle from the later species. <i>In brief, Cephalaeschna patrai</i> is distinguishable from other species for its distinctive shape of the cerci; these appears to be uniformly broad towards end, without any constriction when viewed laterally (Fig 3C). Tip of the cerci are prominently upcurved to form blunt tubercle which appears to be bending inwards in the dorsal view (Fig 3B). Other distinctive features are the anterolateral thoracic stripe being broken into two separate patches, connected with a narrow line and S9 with two oval and S10 with two round yellowish spots on postero-dorsal margin.</p>Published as part of <i>Dawn, Prosenjit, 2021, A new species of Cephalaeschna Selys, 1883 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) from Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, India, with notes on C. acanthifrons Joshi & Kunte, 2017 and C. viridifrons (Fraser, 1922), pp. 371-380 in Zootaxa 4949 (2)</i> on pages 372-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.2.10, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4636199">http://zenodo.org/record/4636199</a>
Localization of electrons in internal frame
No full textLocalization of electrons in the internal frame of reference is well established in one dimension in the presence and absence of Coulomb interaction. We start from quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) ring and show the possibility of such a transition by going to a regime where it can be shown for electrons that just interact via Fermi statistics. We then give a proof that when the Q1D ring is made infinitely wide, then there will be such a localization even when Coulomb interaction is included. Finally, we also comment on dimensions greater than two
Effect of turbulence on the drag and lift of a particle
No full textA direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used to study the effect of a freestream isotropic turbulent flow on the drag and lift forces on a spherical particle. The particle diameter is about 1.5 to 10 times the Kolmogorov scale, the particle Reynolds number is about 60 to 600, and the freestream turbulence intensity is about 10 to 25%. It is shown that the freestream turbulence does not have a substantial and systematic effect on the time-averaged mean drag. The standard drag correlation based on the instantaneous or mean slip velocity results in a reasonably accurate prediction of the mean drag obtained from the DNS. However, the accuracy of prediction of the instantaneous drag decreases with increasing particle size. For the smaller particles, the low frequency oscillations in the DNS drag are well captured by the standard drag, but for the larger particles significant differences exist even for the low frequency components. Inclusion of the added-mass and history forces, computed based on the fluid velocity at the center of the particle, does not improve the prediction. Different estimates of the fluid velocity seen by the particle are examined. It is shown that the mean drag is insensitive to the fluid velocity measured at the particle center, or obtained by averaging over a fluid volume of the order of the particle size. The fluctuations diminish as the size of the averaging volume increases. The effect of increasing freestream turbulence intensity for the same particle size is studied. Fluctuations in the drag and lift forces are shown to scale with the mean drag and freestream intensity. The standard drag without the added-mass and history forces provides the best approximation to the DNS result.is peer reviewedMade available in DSpace on 2007-03-08T21:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2002-10published or submitted for publicatio
A fractional Hardy-Sobolev inequality of Michael-Simon type on convex hypersurfaces
No full textIn this paper we prove a fractional version of a Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type interpolation inequality on hypersurfaces which are boundaries of convex sets. The inequality carries a universal constant independent of and involves the fractional mean curvature of In particular, it interpolates between the fractional Micheal-Simon Sobolev inequality recently obtained by Cabré, Cozzi, and the first author, and a new fractional Hardy inequality on . Our method, when restricted to the plane case , gives a new simple proof of the fractional Hardy inequality. To obtain the fractional Hardy inequality on a hypersurface, we establish an inequality which bounds a weighted perimeter of by the standard perimeter of (modulo a universal constant), and which is valid for all convex hypersurfaces
Three-dimensional computational simulation of multiscale multiphysics cellular/particulate processes in microcirculatory blood flow
No full textComputational modeling and simulation is considered to study the concurrent multiscale/multiphysics phenomena associated with cellular/particulate transport in microcirculatory blood flow. The model integrates microhydrodynamics of different blood cells, complexity of vascular geometry, and nanoscale adhesive interactions. A finite element method (FEM) is used to model the cell membrane deformation with high accuracy, and is coupled to the bulk flow motion via a front-tracking method. The geometric complexities are simulated using a sharp-interface immersed boundary method, and the molecular adhesion is coarse-grained via a Monte Carlo method. The following sequence of problems is addressed: (a) Hydrodynamic interaction between a platelet and a red blood cell (RBC) in a dilute suspension: 3D simulations of pairwise hydrodynamic interaction between a platelet and an RBC in a wall-bounded shear flow are conducted. The effects of different dynamics of the RBC, namely tank-treading and tumbling, and the proximity to the wall on platelet trajectories are quantified. Based on the numerical results, a mechanism of continual platelet drift towards the vessel wall is proposed. (b) Platelet transport and dynamics in blood flow: 3D simulations are considered to study the transport of platelets in semi-dense suspension of flowing RBCs. It is found that the local microstructure of RBC suspension provides a fast margination mechanism for platelets to drift towards the blood vessel wall. It is also shown that the anisotropic diffusion of platelets contributes to the formation of platelet clusters, and may act as a hydrodynamic precursor to blood clot formation. (c) Microparticle shape effects on their transport and dynamics in blood flow: The shape effect of microscale targeting drug carriers modeled as platelet-sized microparticles on their margination, near-wall dynamics, and adhesion is quantified and explained by individual particle dynamics and interaction with RBCs. It is shown that the particle shape has entirely different effects on different stages of margination/adhesion cascade. It is suggested that the local hemorheological conditions of the targeted site should be taken into account while selecting the optimum shape for microvascular drug carriers. (d) Blood flow in stenosed microvessels: 3D simulations of cellular motion through stenosed microvessels are considered. The Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect is shown to be significantly enhanced, due to the asymmetric distribution of the RBCs caused by the stenosis geometry. Such asymmetry together with the discrete motion of cells are demonstrated to cause an asymmetry in the average as well as the time-dependent flow characteristics along the length of stenosis. It is concluded that the flow physics and its physiological consequences are significantly different in micro- versus macrovascular stenosis. (e) Adhesion of microparticles in microvessels – role of RBCs and microparticle deformability: 3D simulations of the adhesion of deformable drug carrier particles in the flow of semi-dense RBC suspension through microvessels are conducted. It is shown that both the presence of RBCs and the particle deformability have a dual role in microparticle adhesion. During the initial formation of adhesive bonds, the RBCs have an enhancing effect while the effect of particle deformation is adverse. In contrast, during the subsequent adhesive rolling of microparticles, the RBCs have an adverse effect while the particle deformation improves stable adhesive rolling motion. It is concluded that to efficiently benefit from the advantages of deformable particles in biomedical targeting, the local blood flow characteristics of the targeted site must be taken into account.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Koohyar Vahidkha
Three-dimensional computational modeling and simulation of cell rolling and deformation on an adhesive surface in shear flow
No full textThree-dimensional computational modeling and simulations are presented on the rolling motion of a deformable cell on an adhesive surface in shear flow. The problem is motivated primarily by the adhesive rolling motion of white blood cells or leukocytes in response to inflammation in the body. The methodology is based on an immersed boundary method to predict cell deformation, and a Monte Carlo simulation to model the random formation and breakage of the adhesion bonds formed between a ligand-bearing cell and a receptor-coated surface. The multiscale and multiphysics modeling developed in this study allows us to resolve the complex coupling between the hydrodynamics, the deformation dynamics of the cell, and the biophysics of the adhesion bonds. In the thesis, we address the sequence of events that are encountered in the multistep process of cell rolling, namely, the initial arrest of the cell, followed by its deformation and spreading on the substrate, and the subsequent quasi-steady rolling motion. We provide phase diagrams for cell adhesion/escape, and showed that the hydrodynamic lift, that exists on a deformable cell in the wall-bounded motion, plays a major role in the process. The experimentally observed 'stop-and-go' motion of the cells is predicted in our simulations. After providing results on the general adhesive rolling motion, we focus specifically on the rolling dynamics of the leukocytes, and study the effect of cell deformability, shear rate and cell concentration on the instantaneous and time-averaged rolling characteristics. We also study the biophysical characteristics of the adhesion bonds during the rolling process. Finally, we consider the effect of the adherent leukocytes on the surrounding flow in terms of the changes in tracer dispersion and the vascular flow resistance. Comparison with experimental measurements (in vitro and in vivo) is presented throughout the thesis.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-131)
Modeling erythrocyte-released ATP in mouse aorta, and development of CAD models of vascular networks from experimental images
No full textThe methodology used to develop 3D CFD simulations to understand the role of erythrocyte or red blood cell (RBC)-released ATP on atherosclerotic plaque deposition is presented. A 3D non-planar CAD geometry featuring the entire length of a C57BL/6 mouse aorta is developed based on in vivo images and casts data. Simulation parameters based on in vivo data are set in COMSOL, and flow simulation based on Navier-Stokes equation is defined. ATP transport is modeled using an unsteady advection-diffusion-generation-degradation model where ATP is released from RBCs based on time-averaged shear rate. It was found that spatial distribution of WSS found through our simulation agrees with that of previous experimental and computational studies. Localized regions of ATP deposition found through our simulation match very well with the regions of plaque formation as observed in our in vivo study and other previous studies. Our model prediction and in vivo observations taken together suggest that shear-induced ATP release from RBCs deposits in localized regions of disturbed flow and contributes to the initiation of plaque formation in such regions. Various parametric studies are performed by varying baseline parameters to study their effects on ATP concentrations and spatial depositions. A secondary focus of this thesis is to present a methodology used to develop CAD models for high-fidelity modeling of microvascular blood flow. As such, generic techniques applicable to capillary vessel networks of any organ and vascular disfigurements are presented through examples of retinal microvascular and tumor microvascular networks. Meshing methodology using two different software is presented and techniques used to analyze them are described. A 1D mesh segment grouping method is presented which can be used to optimize the traditional postprocessing techniques.M.S.Includes bibliographical reference
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