201 research outputs found
Targeting cellular and molecular drivers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current options and emerging perspectives
No full textDespite improvements in functional outcomes attributable to advances in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical techniques, and imaging techniques, survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients has improved only marginally during the last couple of decades, and optimal therapy has yet to be devised. Genomic complexity and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity may contribute to treatment resistance and the propensity for locoregional recurrence. Countering this, it demands a significant effort from both basic and clinical scientists in the search for more effective targeted therapies. Recent genomewide studies have provided valuable insights into the genetic basis of HNSCC, uncovering potential new therapeutic opportunities. In addition, several studies have elucidated how inflammatory, immune, and stromal cells contribute to the particular properties of these neoplasms. In the present review, we introduce recent findings on genomic aberrations resulting from whole-genome sequencing of HNSCC, we discuss how the particular microenvironment affects the pathogenesis of this disease, and we describe clinical trials exploring new perspectives on the use of combined genetic and cellular targeted therapies
Risk management during COVID-19: safety procedures for otolaryngologists
No full textThe pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 has stressed health care systems worldwide. The high volume of patients, combined with an increased need for intensive care and potential transmission, has forced reorganization of hospitals and care delivery models. In this article, are presented approaches to minimize risk to Otolaryngologists during their patients infected with COVID-19 care. We performed a narrative literature review among PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases, searching for studies on SARS-CoV2 and Risk Management. Standard operating procedures have been adapted both for facilities and for health care workers, including the development of well-defined and segregated patient care areas for treating those affected by COVID-19. Personal protective equipment (PPEs) availability and adequate healthcare providers training on their use should be ensured. Preventive measures are especially important in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, as the exposure to saliva suspensions, droplets and aerosols are increased in the upper aero-digestive tract routine examination. Morever, the frequent invasive procedures, such as laryngoscopy, intubation or tracheotomy placement and care, represent a high risk of contracting COVID-19
The Evolution of Staging of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Structured Review
No full textABSTRACT
Among non-melanoma skin cancers, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma entails the highest morbidity and mortality, and yet there is little guidance on how to identify the subset of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas that behave aggressively. The staging of non-melanoma skin cancers is meant to provide this guidance, by dividing patients into groups for which survival differs between groups, is similar within each group, and consistently decreases with each increasing stage group. In the present review, we explore the history of how the staging of non-melanoma skin cancers, focusing on cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, has evolved over time. We describe the common criticisms leveled at the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging rubric. We discuss alternative staging systems that have recently been proposed, and how they have stood up to validation. Finally, we preview the AJCC staging changes that will go into effect next year and lay out some future directions for the improvement of skin cancer staging.
How to cite this article
Le MN, Lee E, Singh B. The Evolution of Staging of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Structured Review. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):57-63.
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PD33. Destroying to build: Role essential of the ubiquitin system in head and neck cancer
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