166 research outputs found
Local extinction risk of three species of lizard from Patagonia as a result of global warming
No full textRecently, Sinervo et al. (2010, Science, 328: 894–899) reported declines of lizard biodiversity due to local warming trends and altered thermal niches. Herein, we applied the Sinervo et al. (2010) physiological model to predict the local extinction risk of three species of lizard from Patagonia. Whereas the previous model used a single equation (for the extinctions of Blue Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus serrifer Cope, 1866) in the Yucatan Peninsula) relating environmental temperatures (Te) to hours of restriction (i.e., the period when lizards are forced into retreat sites because environmental temperatures are too high), we measured habitat-specific equations for the Te values of each species. We analyzed the vulnerability of Darwin’s Ground Gecko (Homonota darwinii Boulenger, 1885), Bariloche Lizard (Liolaemus pictus (Duméril and Bibron, 1837)), and Mountain Slope Lizard (Liolaemus elongatus Koslowsky, 1896) to climate change considering thermal physiological constraints on activity during the reproductive period. While Sinervo et al. (2010) predicted that the Phyllodactylidae family will not suffer from impacts of climate change, our physiological model predicted that 20% of the H. darwinii populations could become extinct by 2080. The physiological model also predicted that 15% of L. pictus populations and 26.5% of L. elongatus populations could become extinct by 2080. The most vulnerable populations are those located near the northern and eastern boundaries of their distributions.Fil: Kubisch, Erika Leticia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Corbalán, Valeria Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Ibarguengoytía, Nora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Sinervo, Barry Raymond. University of California; Estados Unido
Raymond Williams and the limits of cultural materialism
No full textCultural materialism has become an influential discipline in recent
years, particularly so in 'Renaissance' studies, but also more generally in
'English', as well as departments defined as practising 'cultural' or
'communications' studies. The phrase is usually linked with the name of
Raymond Williams, but a cursory examination of Williams's own work
quickly establishes that it is a phrase he rarely uses, and only schematically
attempts to define. The thesis therefore takes the form of an investigation into
the way cultural materialism has come to be understood, by examining in
detail the trajectory of Raymond Williams's theoretical development, and how
his own engagement with various theoretical positions has helped to set
'limits' on the meaning of cultural materialism.
Chapters 1 and 2 deal with some of Williams's earliest work,
particularly Reading and Criticism, as a way of investigating how reasonable
it is to tag him as a 'Left-Leavisite', arguing that Leavis's undoubted
influence is resisted (though not entirely rejected) from a very early stage. The
first chapter considers in detail Leavis's work at Cambridge, the influence of
Eliot, and the significance of the 'Organic Community'. Chapter 2, which is
based around a comparative analysis of Williams's and Leavis's readings of
Dickens, argues that Williams rejects the 'organic community' in favour of his
'knowable community'. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with specific 'theoretical'
issues: the first, based around a reading of Terry Eagleton's critique of
Williams's use of the Marxist metaphor of 'base and superstructure', shows
some of the problems which arise from Williams's cultural model, as well as
suggesting refinements; the second deals with the influence of Volosinov's
theories on Williams. Chapter 6 comes out of Williams's readings of the
'Country-House' poems in The Country and the City, showing how his
practice of literary criticism relies on an acceptance of 'ideology' apparently
denied in his more 'theoretical' writings. This analysis is extended as a result
of investigations into the 'De L'Isle' manuscripts relating to the Penshurst
estate. Chapter 7 argues that it is possible to see the work of Fredric Jameson
as developing Williams's cultural materialism into Jameson's debates on
postmodernism.
In the Introduction and Conclusion, I have taken the opportunity to
look briefly at the activity of cultural materialism as it has developed since
Raymond Williams's death in 1988. The Introduction emphasizes what I see
to be important methodological differences between 'cultural materialism'
and 'new historicism'; the Conclusion deals with the continuing debate over
the value of a cultural materialist approach by considering the 'appropriation'
of Shakespeare
Thermal relationships between body temperature and environment conditions set upper distributional limits on oviparous species
No full textWe determined the thermal biology of the oviparous Liolaemus boulengeri and the viviparous Liolaemus lineomaculatus populations localised at high and low latitude sites in Patagonia, Argentina. We present data of body temperatures in the field (Tb) and preferred temperature in the laboratory (Tpref), micro-environmental and operative temperatures and the effectiveness of thermoregulation. Liolaemus boulengeri and L. lineomaculatus choose different heat sources for active selection of suitable thermal micro-environments for thermoregulation, and the oviparous L. boulengeri is a more effective thermoregulator (E=0.55) than the viviparous L. lineomaculatus (E=0.43). Even when L. boulengeri is a better thermoregulator and both species show identical timing in the reproductive cycles, there are constraint factors that impose limitations on the southernmost distribution of the oviparous L. boulengeri.Fil: Medina, Susana Marlin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Scolaro, Jose Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Méndez de la Cruz, Fausto Roberto. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Sinervo, Barry Raymond. University of California at Santa Cruz; Estados UnidosFil: Ibarguengoytía, Nora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Departamento de Zoología; Argentin
Thermal biology of genus Liolaemus: A phylogenetic approach reveals advantages of the genus to survive climate change
No full textThe trends of body temperatures in the field (Tb) and preferred body temperatures in the laboratory (Tpref) of the genus Liolaemus relative to reproductive mode, air temperature (Tair), precipitation, latitude, and elevation were studied using phylogenetic comparative analysis. Results were discussed in the framework of the evolution of thermal physiology and vulnerability to global climate change. Reproductive mode affects Tb but not Tpref. Whereas Tb and Tpref showed a significant association with Tair, there was no relationship with latitude or elevation. In most liolaemids, Tpref is significantly higher than Tair and Tb pointing to a primitive condition of Tpref, probably related to earlier Miocene environments. Phylogenetic trends in the evolution of liolaemid thermal physiology provide a physiological explanation for the lowest rates of observed contemporary climate-forced extinctions and those forecasted under climate warming scenarios up to 2080. Liolaemids have a much higher Tpref than is expected for their environments, especially for viviparous members of the genus, in contrast to other viviparous taxa in the sister family the Phrynosomatidae, which have evolved much lower Tb (and Tpref) and currently experience a much higher rate of climate-forced extinction.Fil: Medina, Susana Marlin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Scolaro, Jose Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Méndez de la Cruz, Fausto Roberto. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Sinervo, Barry Raymond. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Miles, Donald Bailey. Ohio University; Estados UnidosFil: Ibarguengoytía, Nora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Departamento de Zoología; Argentin
Range increment or range detriment?: Predicting potential changes in distribution caused by climate change for the endemic high-Andean lizard Phymaturus palluma
No full textAn increase in temperatures and frequency of drought events are predicted in the High Andes due to climate change. Species could respond with changes in its range, abundance and phenology. Here, we used a species distribution model to assess and predict the vulnerability to climate change of the endemic lizard Phymaturus palluma of the Andes. The model is based on a study of the thermoregulatory behaviour of the species. We measured body temperature (Tb) and assessed its relationship with micro-environmental temperatures to determine the main source of heat used by lizards. We also quantified the preferred temperature (Tp) and maximum and minimum critical temperatures (CTmax and CTmin), and collected operative temperature (Te). We used Tb, Tp and Te to calculate the effectiveness of thermoregulation. We linked these physiological variables with climatic variables obtained from a set of global climate layers. The model predicts a substantial reduction in the available habitat over the species current distributional range. However, the model also predicted new potential distribution areas towards the West Andes, at higher elevations. Nevertheless, because of the species specialized habits and low dispersal capability, we suggest the likelihood of expansion to these new sites is marginal. Thus, distribution shifts are unlikely to prevent extinction in Phymaturus. Conservation strategies should be focused in the protection of the current distribution areas that remain suitable in the different future climate projections. Additional data are needed to determine the potential for phenotypic plasticity to mitigate the probable population decline in this species.Fil: Vicenzi, Nadia Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Corbalán, Valeria Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Miles, Donald Bailey. Ohio University; Estados UnidosFil: Sinervo, Barry Raymond. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Ibarguengoytía, Nora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin
Post-war British working-class fiction with special reference to the novels of John Braine, Alan Sillitoe, Stan Barstow, David Storey and Barry Hines
No full textThis study is about British working-class fiction in the post-war period.
It covers various authors such as Robert Tressell, George Orwell, Walter Greenwood, Lewis Grassic Gibbon and DH Lawrence from the early twentieth century; writers traditionally classified as 'Angry Young Men' like John Osborne, Arnold Wesker, Shelagh Delaney, John Wain and
Kingsley Amis; and working-class novelists like John Braine, Stan Barstow, David Storey, Alan Sillitoe and Barry Hines from the 1950s and 1960s.
Some of the main issues dealt with in the course of this study are language, form, community, self/identity/autobiography, sexuality and relationship with bourgeois art. The major argument centres on two questions: representation of working-class life, and the
relationship between working-class literary tradition and dominant ideologies.
We will be arguing that while working-class fiction succeeded in challenging and rupturing bourgeois literary tradition, on the level of language and linguistic medium of expression for example, it utterly failed to break away from dominant, bourgeois modes of literary production in relation to form, for instance.
Our argument is situated within Marxist approaches to literature, a political and aesthetic position from which we attempt an analysis and an evaluation of this working-class literary tradition. These critical approaches provide us also with the theoretical tool to define the political perspective of this tradition, and to judge whether it was confined to a descriptive mode of representation or
located in a radical, political outlook
Behavioral and physiological polymorphism in males of the austral lizard Liolaemus sarmientoi
No full textIntegrative behavioral studies show that the interplay between individual physiology and social behavior influences the ecology of the species, ultimately affecting individual fitness. Particularly in lizards, color polymorphism is associated with differential behaviors and reproductive strategies, which are evident in mature males during the mating season. Dominant males generally have greater endurance, higher body temperature, and larger bodies than submissive males, so they can acquire and defend larger territories and have greater access to females for mating. We studied whether the color morphs observed in males of one of the world’s southernmost reptiles, Liolaemus sarmientoi, are related to behavioral variation during agonistic interactions, thermal physiology, morphology, and/or locomotor stamina. Liolaemus sarmientoi males exhibit three color morphs: red (RR), red–yellow (RY), and yellow (YY). These lizards exhibit subtle behavioral displays and we did not observe stamina differences among morphs. However, we found that RR males are more aggressive than YY males during agonistic encounters. In addition, greater body temperature change during trials, higher field body temperatures, and greater head sizes of RR males compared to RY or YY indicate that RR is a dominant morph, which may influence their ability to acquire and defend territory and tactics for achieving reproductive success.Fil: Fernandez, Jimena Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Bastiaans, Elizabeth. State University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Medina, Susana Marlin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Méndez de la Cruz, Fausto Roberto. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Sinervo, Barry Raymond. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Ibarguengoytía, Nora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin
Allometric Engineering: An Experimental Test of the Causes of Interpopulational Differences in Performance
No full textTo cool or not to cool? Intestinal coccidians disrupt the behavioral hypothermia of lizards in response to tick infestation
No full textResearch at UCSC was supported by an NSF grant (EF-1241848 to BS). Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad provided support (BES-2010-038427 and EEBB-I-14-08326 to RM-P).It is generally accepted that parasites exert negative effects on their hosts and that natural selection favors specific host responses that mitigate this impact. It is also known that some components of the host immune system often co-evolve with parasite antigens resulting in a host-parasite arms race. In addition to immunological components of the anti-parasitic response, host behavioral responses are also important in this arms race and natural selection may favor avoidance strategies that preclude contact with parasites, or shifts in the host’s thermoregulatory strategy to combat active infections (e.g., behavioral fever). Ticks are widespread parasites with direct and indirect costs on their vertebrate hosts. Their saliva provokes hemolysis in the blood of their hosts and can transmit a plethora of tick-borne pathogens. We enquired whether tick infestation by Ixodes pacificus can provoke a thermoregulatory response in Sceloporus occidentalis. For this, we compared the thermoregulatory behavior of tick-infested lizards against tick-infested lizards co-infected with two different species of coccidians (Lankesterella occidentalis and Acroeimeria sceloporis). After this, lizards were kept in individual terraria with a basking spot and fed ad libitum. We found that tick-infested lizards sought cooler temperatures in proportion to their tick load, and this response was independent of the co-infection status by L. occidentalis. This was consistent in April and June (when tick loads were significantly lower) and suggests a conservative strategy to save energy which might have been selected to overcome tick infestations during phenological peaks of this parasite. However, this behavior was not observed in lizards co-infected with A. sceloporis, suggesting that co-infection with this intestinal parasite prompt lizards to be active. Cost of tick infestation was confirmed because housed lizards lost weight at a constant ratio to initial tick load, independently of other infections. The broader implications of these findings are discussed in the context of climate change.National Science FoundationMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
Progress report
No full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on June 28, 2018)."DACW57-77-C-0027.""Period covered: March 1, 1981 to February 28, 1982."This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 128-129).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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