130,305 research outputs found
[Letter from Merle Sinclair to T. N. Carswell - July 13, 1956]
No full textA letter written to Mr. T. N. Carswell, Abilene, Texas, from Merle Sinclair, Milwaukee 11, Wisconsin, dated July 13, 1956. Sinclair replies to Carswell advising that he recommends a booklet that was put out by the Prudential Insurance Company of America as a good source for the information he had requested
Application of uniform design in optimisation of three stage ageing of Al-Cu-Mg alloys
No full textThe hardness variations and precipitation behaviour during the three stage ageing of three Al-Cu-Mg alloys were investigated using micro-hardness testing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To facilitate the determination of an optimised heat treatment, a uniform design method was employed by which the influences of three stage interrupted ageing on the hardness and precipitation can be elucidated with a limited number of experiments. It is found that optimised heat treatment with maximum hardness can be achieved for non-stretched materials by applying the method of three stage ageing, but there is no obvious effect for stretched T351 materials. A long initial Stage I and a suitable Stage II ageing time are beneficial for hardness, and the Stage II ageing at 25C shows more beneficial effect than ageing at 65C. The hardness increase in Stage I and Stage III ageing is closely related to the S phase content
Influence of grain structure and slip planarity on fatigue crack growth in low alloying artificially aged 2xxx aluminium alloys
No full textThe fatigue crack growth behaviour under constant amplitude loading of three low alloying artificially aged 2xxx aluminium alloys with distinct microstructures is analysed. Fatigue crack growth tests show a correlation between fatigue performance and the occurrence of crack closure. Fractography and fracture surface measurements show that rougher surfaces give higher closure levels suggesting a dominating influence of RICC in these alloys. The relationship between the crack path and the microstructure, i.e. grain structure and slip planarity, is assessed semi-quantitatively. A criterion to evaluate the propensity for slip band formation is derived and reasonable correlation is found between the fatigue fracture behaviour of the three alloys and this criterion. <br/
Afrothaumalea stuckenbergi Sinclair 2015, sp. n.
No full text<i>Afrothaumalea stuckenbergi</i> sp. n. <p>Figs 1, 3–10</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name is a patronym in honoUr of Dr Brian StUckenberg, who collected the first African specimens of ThaUmaleidae.</p> <p> Recognition:This species is distinguished from the other two species of <i>Afrothaumalea</i> by the stout, blunt setae on the gonostyli, <i> R 4+5</i> and <i> M 1</i> running parallel, and female terminalia with elongate cerci and stout setae on the apex of the hypogynium.</p> <p>Description:</p> <p> <i>Adult</i>.</p> <p> <i>Coloration</i> (Fig. 1): Head dull, dark brown. Mesonotum dark reddish brown, abdomen dark brown and dull; katepisternum, coxae, femora and tibiae pale brown, tarsi darker; halter knob dark brown; terminalia dark reddish brown.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>: Scutum above wing base not developed into ridge. All legs with deeply bilobed tarsomere 4 in dorsal view; ventral face with dense whitish pubescence. Tarsal claw very long, nearly subequal in length to tarsomere 5.</p> <p> <i>Wing</i> (Fig. 5): Length 2.5–2.8 mm; infuscate, darker on basal third; <i>R</i> with macrotrichia in two scattered rows, <i> R 1</i> and <i> R 1</i> (<i> +R 2+3</i> ) with sparse row of microtrichia along entire length, remaining veins bare; <i>R</i> flexed into cell <i>br</i>, flexUre sclerotised and dividing <i>bm</i> cell into two separate cells; <i> R 2+3</i> crossvein apparently absent; distinct bend in <i> R 4+5</i> lacking; <i> R 4+5</i> and <i> M 1</i> running parallel to wing margin.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>: Male sternites 2–7 rectangular with anterior margin well sclerotised, bearing microtrichia and nUmeroUs setUlae. Sternite 8 Unmodified, bearing setUlae; anterior margin straight, transverse; posterior margin attenuated medially, parallel with hypandrium. Male terminalia (Figs 8, 9): Epandrium subtriangular, wider than long; posterior margin pointed medially; lacking posterolateral epandrial processes. Hypandrium very narrow and slender. Gonocoxite quadrate, slightly longer than wide with short triangUlar process on posterolateral margin medially. Gonocoxal blade finger­like, half-length of gonocoxite, arched medially, cruciate with opposite blade tip; tapered with rounded tip. Gonostylus very broad, paw-like, expanded somewhat apically; shorter than gonocoxite; arched medially with inner margin bearing long peg-like setae; tips of pegs trUncate. Parameres paired, straight, flattened; angled medially; apex trUncate; extending to apex of gonostylus. Cercus apparently greatly reduced, not setose or padlike; proctiger comprises 3 pairs of sclerotised rods. Female terminalia (Fig. 10): Sclerites of segment 8 connected anterolaterally by internal sclerotised apodeme. Hypogynial valve elongate, bearing dense spine-like setae, projecting beyond tergite 9. Tergite 9 quadrate in lateral view, longer than tergite 8. Cercus prolonged posteriorly, longer than wide, projecting posterodorsally.</p> <p> <i>Pupa</i>.</p> <p>Length 3.0– 3.2 mm (Figs 3, 6, 7). Dorsoventrally flattened, rectangUlar in cross­section with distinct lateral sclerite on abdominal segments, broadest at abdominal segment 4; maxillary sheath short, posteromedially-directed, apices of palpi separated medially; fore and mid leg sheaths projecting straight and slightly beyond wing sheaths; hind leg S-shaped beneath wing, projecting along posterior margin of wing sheath. Respiratory organ short, cylindrical, truncate apically, with spiracular openings encircling apex; abdomen with lateral open spiracles on segments 5–7, spiracles directly dorsally. Caudal segment truncate, lacking hook-like process. Chaetotaxy lost during preservation.</p> <p> <i>Larva.</i></p> <p>Length 6–7.5 mm (Fig. 4). See Sinclair and Stuckenberg (1995) for description. Key generic features include: cone-like protuberances on head capsule absent; mesonotum and metanotum with blade-like macrosetae; conical lobes on either side of posterior spiracular plate absent.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂ “ RSA: Western Cape / Cederberg Wilderness / DUiwelsgat near at:/ 32°24.086'S 19°05.268'E / 16.ix. 2013, 693 m/ leg. A.H. Kirk­Spriggs / ex. rock seepage”; “HOLOTYPE/ AfrothaUmalea / stUckenbergi/ Sinclair [red label]” (BMSA).</p> <p>Paratypes: Same data as holotype (11 ♂, 8 ♀, BMSA, CNC, NMSA).</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 2). The Cederberg range lies 200 km north of Cape Town and is part of the Cape Fold Belt, consisting mainly of Table Mountain sandstone. Most rains fall between May and September, and vegetation is predominantly mountain fynbos.The Cederberg Wilderness received World Heritage status in 2004.</p> <p> Key to males of <i>Afrothaumalea</i></p> <p> (Females are not included in the key because they are generally poorly known, although <i>A. stuckenbergi</i> possesses what appears to be distinctly shaped terminalia).</p> <p> 1 <i> R 4+5</i> and <i> M 1</i> running parallel to wing margin (Fig. 5). Gonostyli with stout, blunt setae; cerci apparently greatly reduced, not visible in ventral view (Fig. 8)............................................................................................................. <i>stuckenbergi</i> sp. n.</p> <p> – <i>R</i> distinctly arched beyond apex of <i> R 1</i> (<i> +R 2+3</i> ) (StUckenberg 1960, fig. 2; Sinclair in press, fig. 4). Gonostyli withoUt stoUt setae; cerci well developed and clearly visible in ventral view........................................................................................... 2</p> <p> <i> 4+5</i> </p> <p> 2 Gonostyli rectangular, gradually tapered apically; apex of gonocoxal blades and parameres roUnded (Sinclair & StUckenberg 1995, fig. 6; Sinclair in press, fig. 6)............................................................................................... <i>pamelae</i> Stuckenberg</p> <p> – Gonostyli broad, with medial lateral projection; apex of gonocoxal blades and parameres pointed (StUckenberg 1961, fig. 2; Sinclair in press, fig. 5)............................................................................................... <i>capensis</i> Sinclair & Stuckenberg</p>Published as part of <i>Sinclair, Bradley J., 2015, A new species of Afrothaumalea Stuckenberg, 1960 (Diptera: Thaumaleidae) from the Western Cape (South Africa) and first description of the pupa of this genus, pp. 161 in African Invertebrates 56 (1)</i> on pages 162-165, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0112, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7661801">http://zenodo.org/record/7661801</a>
Iteaphila falcata Sinclair
No full text<i>Iteaphila falcata</i> Sinclair <p>(Fig. 80)</p> <p> <i>Iteaphila falcata</i> Sinclair <i>in</i> Sinclair & Shamshev, 2012: 14. Type locality: Cathedral Provincal Park, BC, Canada.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <b>CANADA. Alberta:</b> Peter Lougheed PP, Sarrail Ck, 9.vii.2012, 50°36′25.7″N 115°7′48.61″W, ex. flowers, BJS (6 ♂, CNC).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Nearctic: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia). <i>Iteaphila falcata</i> is now recorded from two localities in western Canada (Fig. 80).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species was originally described from a single specimen with R 4+5 branched (Sinclair & Shamshev 2012). The above series represents a population characterized by an unbranched R 4+5 and was originally considered a new species until the genitalia were more closely studied and compared (Sinclair & Shamshev 2012, fig. 6A) to similar species.</p>Published as part of <i>Sinclair, Bradley J. & Shamshev, Igor V., 2021, World revision of Iteaphila with unbranched radial vein (Diptera: Empidoidea: Iteaphilidae), pp. 1-89 in Zootaxa 4968 (1)</i> on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4968.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4745566">http://zenodo.org/record/4745566</a>
Sinclair, N, WX6142
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/417120Surname: SINCLAIR. Given Name(s) or Initials: N. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: WX6142. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 4927.239814
Item: [2016.0049.49381] "Sinclair, N, WX6142
Brachystomatidae Sinclair & Cumming, 2006, n. stat.
No full textBrachystomatidae n. stat. <p> Brachystomatinae Melander, 1908: 202. Type genus <i>Brachystoma</i> Meigen, 1822.</p> <p>The Brachystomatinae is elevated to family rank and expanded to include the Ceratomerinae and Trichopezinae on the basis of several synapomorphies including: ejaculatory apodeme plate­like and narrowly fused to base of phallus, female tergite 7 usually bearing fringe of setae along posterior margin and female cercus held upright. This family includes the following three subfamilies:</p> <p>Trichopezinae</p> <p> Trichopezini Vaillant, 1981: 353. Type genus <i>Trichopeza</i> Rondani, 1856.</p> <p>Trichopezinae Sinclair & Cumming, 1994: 200; Sinclair, 1995a: 720.</p> <p>The Trichopezinae is not as well defined as the other two subfamilies of the</p> <p>Brachystomatidae. It is a very heterogeneous group distinguished by an internal median</p> <p>apodeme, which is usually present projecting anteriorly from female tergite 8 (see Key to</p> <p>Families below for further diagnostic characters). This subfamily includes the following</p> <p> genera and groups: <i>Heleodromia</i> group (including <i>Heleodromia</i> Haliday and</p> <p> <i>Pseudoheleodromia</i> Wagner); <i>Heterophlebus</i> group (including <i>Apalocnemis</i> Philippi,</p> <p> <i>Gloma</i> Meigen, <i>Heterophlebus</i> Philippi); <i>Niphogenia</i> group (including <i>Ceratempis</i></p> <p> Melander and <i>Niphogenia</i> Melander); <i>Trichopeza</i> group (including <i>Boreodromia</i></p> <p> Coquillett, <i>Ephydrempis</i> Saigusa, <i>Sabroskyella</i> Wilder, and <i>Trichopeza</i> Rondani); and</p> <p> <i>Rubistella</i> Garrett Jones (Sinclair 1995a).</p> <p> In addition, <i>Sematopoda</i> Collin is tentatively assigned to the Trichopezinae, but</p> <p>confident placement must await the discovery of congeneric females.</p> <p>Ceratomerinae</p> <p> Ceratomerinae Collin, 1928: 1, 3, 16. Type genus <i>Ceratomerus</i> Philippi, 1865. This distinctive subfamily is characterized by long narrow wings (lacking anal lobe),</p> <p> dichoptic in both sexes, scape more than twice as long as pedicel with long dorsal and ventral setae, pedicel with finger­like conus and postpedicel elongate, often strap­like (Sinclair 2003a). The following three genera are included in the Ceratomerinae: <i>Ceratomerus</i> Philippi, <i>Glyphidopeza</i> Sinclair, and <i>Icasma</i> Collin (Sinclair 1997).</p> <p>Brachystomatinae</p> <p> The Brachystomatinae is defined here primarily on the basis of a coiled spermatheca, Hshaped lacinia and articulated male cercus. The subfamily has traditionally included only two genera, <i>Anomalempis</i> Melander and <i>Brachystoma</i> Meigen. <i>Xanthodromia</i> Saigusa, which lacks the long cell cu <i>p</i> that characterizes the other two genera, was originally assigned to the Hemerodromiinae by Saigusa (1986), but is here transferred to the Brachystomatinae because of the form of the spermatheca, lacinia and male cercus.</p>Published as part of <i>Sinclair, Bradley J. & Cumming, Jeffrey M., 2006, The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera), pp. 1-172 in Zootaxa 1180 (1)</i> on pages 1-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1180.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10087256">http://zenodo.org/record/10087256</a>
Afropeza Sinclair & Shamshev 2012, gen. n.
No full textKey to species of the genus Afropeza gen. n. 1 Males......................................................................................................................2 – Females..................................................................................................................4 2 Male terminalia with epandrial lamellae rounded and expanded laterally, genital capsule rotated 45° to right and overlapping abdomen (Fig. 10). Surstyli and sclerites of segment 8 asymmetrical...................................................... stuckenbergi sp. n. – Male terminalia with epandrial lamellae not expanded laterally, genital capsule upright at apex of abdomen, not rotated and overlapping abdomen (Figs 5, 7). Surstyli and sclerites of segment 8 symmetrical....................................................3 3 Surstylus divided into pair of lobes; posterior lobe expanded apically from QDUURZ EDVH ZLWK ¿QJHU‒OLNH OREH RQ LQQHU IDFH ()LJ. 7). (SDQGULXP URXQGHG ZLWK anterodorsal lobe bearing pair of setae (Figs 7, 8). Cerci cone-shaped with numerous setae (Fig. 7). Tergite 8 slender, only slightly expanded on lateral margins...................................................................................................................... silvatica sp. n. – Surstylus undivided, inner posterior face with ribbed surface (Fig. 5). Epandrium narrow and elongate, lacking anterodorsal lobe. Cerci fused into stout U-shaped process, bearing pair of spine-like apical setae (Fig. 6). Tergite 8 slender, greatly expanded on lateral margins................................................................. pappi sp. n. 4 Postpedicel longer than width of eye....................................... stuckenbergi sp. n. – Postpedicel shorter than width of eye....................................................................5 5 Pleura dusted with pruinescence. Length of postpedicel 0.8× width of eye.......................................................................................................................... pappi sp. n. – Pleura largely shiny, mostly lacking pruinescence. Length of postpedicel 0.6× width of eye................................................................................................ silvatica sp. n.Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J. & Shamshev, Igor V., 2012, Afropeza, a new South African genus (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae), with description of three new species, pp. 239 in African Invertebrates 53 (1) on page 243, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0116, http://zenodo.org/record/791716
Two literary responses to American society in the early modern era : a comparison of selected novels by Theodore Dreiser and Upton Sinclair in relation to their portrayal of the immigrant, the city, the business tycoon, women, and the problem of labour, 1900-1929
No full textThis thesis analyses the responses of Theodore Dreiser and Upton
Sinclair to American society in the early modern era through their
treatment of the immigrant, the city, the business tycoon, women, and the
labour problem. The role of Dreiser and Sinclair as critics of American
society has often been dealt with and highly praised. Although the
thesis also discusses this particular aspect, its main purpose lies with
the comparison of Dreiser's and Sinclair's ideological and literary
responses to these socio-economic issues.
The study starts with an account of the literary climate of the
time. It shows that American literature at the close of the nineteenth
century and in the early beginning of the twentieth century stems from
the socio-economic and political unrest of the Gilded Age. American
writers demonstrated an increasing concern with the evil consequences of
the new technological development and felt it was their duty to record
the prevailing conditions and express their reactions. They used the
realist technique to describe things as they were and adopted naturalism
to give a scientific study of their society. As a mirror of American
society at the outset of the twentieth century, American fiction
reflected the unrest and contradictions of this period and gave a clearer
insight into the inner responses of American writers to the new order.
It revealed that in spite of a general feeling of anxiety and disillusionment
among American writers, individual reactions against the
current events were diverse. They varied from an attitude of resignation
and pessimistic speculations about America's future to an active desire
to break rising capitalism and to reform American society. This analysis
of Dreiser's and Sinclair's responses to some of the problems of America
has been placed to a large extent in this divided socio-economic and
literary climate. Thus while the comparison shows the two writers'
strong indictment of American society, it also shows two distinct
ideological and literary responses to its upheavals.
Then the main body of the study divides into six chapters. Chapter
one compares the socio-political and literary views of Dreiser and
Sinclair and gives, thus, an idea about the spirit with which they
treated their subject matter and the course of their literary works.
This chapter also deals with the relationship between Dreiser and
Sinclair in an attempt to find traces of a debate between the two writers
on the socio-economic and literary situations in America. The following
chapters focus on Dreiser's and Sinclair's treatment of the immigrant,
the city, the business tycoon, women, and the labour problem. Each of
these chapters starts with a brief historical account of the subject of
study as a background to the fiction. Then it shows Dreiser's and
Sinclair's respective concern with, and experience of, the problem, and
moves onto the analysis of their literary treatment of it.
The aim of this thesis has been to show that no matter what their
artistic, ideological, and philosophical beliefs, American writers in the
years of unrest which followed the large-scale industrialisation in their
country, were called to assume their social responsibilities and
contribute to the cause of social improvement
Edenophorus hiemalis Sinclair 2002, sp. n.
No full textEdenophorus hiemalis sp. n. (Figs 3, 5, 8) Etymology: From the Latin hiemalis (of winter), in reference to the season in which the holotype was collected. Holotype male labelled: SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: ‘RSA: KwaZulu Natal / Prov.Karkloof Ra. / 2000m, Howick Distr. / Benvie Farm (Geekie’s)/ 8.vii.2001, Podocarp / for., B.J. Sinclair’ (NMSA). Recognition:This species is distinguished by the absence of cell dm, proboscis subequal to height of head, and yellow antenna and proboscis. Description: Male: Head: Eyes closely approximated, less than width of scape; facets not enlarged; face and frons with dense mat of fine pale setulae. Antenna yellow, except extreme tip of postpedicel and style; scape and pedicel almost subequal in length; postpedicel conical, clothed in fine pubescence, ca 3 times length of pedicel (Fig. 3), gradually tapered to style; style slightly longer than pedicel. Occipital setae pale, biserial, slightly stouter than surrounding setae. Proboscis yellow, slightly shorter than height of head; palpus one-third length of proboscis, slender bearing long, pale setae. Thorax: Dusted entirely with grey pruinescence.Thoracic setae generally short, slender, pale, reduced to numerous rows: Acr biserial; more than 10 dc, uniserial, gradually increasing in length posteriorly with prescutellar dc stout and similar to pprn; inter-alar setulae scattered, extending to wing base; 2 pprn (lower directed anteriorly, upper directed posteriorly) and several short setulae; 1 ph; 3 npl, upper shortest; 1 pal; 4 sctl, inner pair stouter and twice length of outer pair. Antepronotum with 1 pair of short, slender setae; upper half of anepisternum with several pale setulae; precoxal bridge with 1 stout seta above fore coxa. Legs: Pale yellow (concolorous with halter), apical tarsomeres darker. Fore coxa with with 4–6 stout, long, lateral pale setae; segments clothed in fine setulae, lacking modified setae. Wings (length 2.0 mm) (Fig. 5): Stigma indistinct. Venation similar to other species, except crossvein dm-cu absent; M vein reduced in strength, medial fork U-shaped, petiole or stem slightly shorter than fork; M 1 not strongly arched towards wing margin, slightly divergent from R 4+5. Halter yellow. Abdomen: Dusted greyish brown, pale brown, paler than thorax. T8 broad, one-half length of preceding tergite; S8 divided into pair of rounded, lateral sclerites, articulated posteriorly to anterolateral corner of S7. Terminalia (Fig. 8): Held horizontally, cercus dorsal; partially retracted into segment 8. Cercus finely sclerotised, finger-like. Apex of epandrium with pair of finger-like lobes projected medially. Hypandrium reduced. Phallus with enlarged basal sperm chamber; ejaculatory apodeme inverted T-shaped, broad, stout, articulated at base of chamber, subequal to length of terminalia. Postgonite cylindrical, with rounded tip, arising ventrally from near base of phallus, extended to tip of phallus. Female: Unknown. Remarks:A photograph of the type locality is found in Smith (1969, fig. 415). Much of the slope is now planted with exotic trees, but the Podocarpus forest remains, although reduced in size, surrounding a small stream. This site supports a rich empidoid fauna, but it is most diverse in the early summer months. The holotype was swept from short vegetation growing over the stream bank.Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2002, Revision of the South African endemic genus Edenophorus Smith (Diptera: Empididae), pp. 109-122 in African Invertebrates 43 on pages 114-115, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.766603
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