1,721,165 research outputs found
Bringing the mission million home: correcting the 1991 small area statistics for the undercount
No full textThe 1991 UK Decennial Census missed about 1.2 million people. These missing individuals present a serious challenge to any census user interested in measuring intercensal change, particularly amongst the most marginalised groups in society who were prominent amongst the missing population. Recently, a web-based system for accessing census data from the 1971, 1981, and 1991 censuses was launched (www.census.ac.uk/cdu/lct). The 'LCT' package also provides access to a set of 1991 small area statistics (SAS) which have been corrected to compensate for the missing million. The authors explain the methods used for adjusting the SAS counts, provide examples of the differences between analysis with the adjusted and unadjusted data, and recommend the use of the new data set to all those interested in intercensal change
Understanding neighbourhood dynamics: new insights for neighbourhood effects research
No full textNon-random sorting of residents into neighbourhoods provides neighbourhood effects researchers with a major challenge: The neighbourhoods which people ‘choose’ reflect their incomes, and as a result neighbourhood characteristics are endogenous, causing bias in models of neighbourhood effects. So understanding neighbourhood choice and neighbourhood dynamics is at the heart of a better understanding of neighbourhood effects, but is also crucial for literatures on residential mobility, segregation, and neighbourhood change. This chapter offers a state-of-the-art overview of literature on neighbourhood dynamics. First, a range of theories regarding neighbourhood dynamics are discussed. Second, the chapter offers an extensive summary of the 11 other chapters in this book, with empirical contributions from the United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden, The Netherlands, and the USA. Through this overview, this chapter offers insight into the latest developments in research on neighbourhood dynamics
Neighbourhood effects or neighbourhood-based problems? A policy context
No full textThe introduction of this edited volume explores the links between neighbourhood effects research, perceived neighbourhood problems and the policy responses that local and national governments have pursued to ameliorate the impacts on individuals. We consider why the neighbourhood is frequently used as a site for local interventions and discuss the motivations that multiple national governments have put forward in making the case for area based policies. Previous research has been far from conclusive about how and where neighbourhood matter for individual outcomes: sometimes the neighbourhood context can be a key influence, in other cases it can appear to be relatively insignificant compared with individual characteristics. As a result, a persistent key question that regularly surfaces in discussions about neighbourhood effects and neighbourhood-based policies is whether or not place-based policies remain relevant if there is little conclusive evidence that neighbourhood effects exist. In response to this question, we suggest that even when casual neighbourhood effect are small or insignificant, there is still be a case to be made for investments in neighbourhoods to provide social facilities for communities and as an effective way to target spatially concentrated communities. However, drawing on a recent comprehensive review of place- and people-based policies in the UK there is an apparent disconnection between person- and place-based policies.<p></p>
To provide a means to address this disconnection, we conclude by offering a challenging question to academics, policy makers and governments involved in neighbourhood based policies: who are the neighbourhood based policies designed for, and who will these policies disadvantage either intentionally or unintentionally? To address this question, it is necessary that academics also investigate the neighbourhood policies themselves, including the processes that led to their design and implementation. Crucially, academics and policy makers need to engage in a dialogue that allows the asking of questions which do not just conform to current government ideology, but also allow asking more uncomfortable questions including those that challenge current beliefs and standpoints. Government policy makers and social scientists need to become open to the idea of building research with an experimental design and randomised trials into policy evaluations. The introduction concludes with a brief overview of each of the chapters in the volume
Convergence or Divergence? :Comparative analysis of sub-national demographic trends in Latin America and the Caribbean
Full text link• ¿Ha disminuido la variación demográca dentro de los países latinoamericanos? O sea, ¿quéevidencia existe de convergencia demográca?• ¿La similitud entre áreas es más fuerte dentro de un país, o entre las áreas similares de otrospaíses? O sea, ¿qué evidencia existe de tendencias demográcas caracterizadas por lageografía, por ejemplo el clima, el desarrollo económico o de otro tipo?• ¿Qué podemos aprender de esta evidencia para hacer más conable nuestros supuestos quesubyacen en las proyecciones de población futura?Estas tres preguntas claves del libro realmente nos engañan. Cubren todas las ramas de lastendencias demográcas, el nivel subnacional y el internacional, el pasado y el futuro. Tienentambién desafíos técnicos: ¿cómo medir la convergencia y cómo especicar las tendenciasfuturas en una proyección demográca? Tienen asimismo un sentido sumamente político: ¿va ladesigualdad rumbo a profundizarse o a disminuir?El libro presenta la evidencia disponible sobre convergencia de variables demográcas ysocio-demográcas, mostrando las experiencias de distintos países y periodos. Aunque lasdesigualdades sociales son menores en algunos países y períodos, parece evidente que no estánen vías de que desaparecer por el momento. En este contexto las proyecciones subnacionalespueden contribuir de manera estratégica para la evaluación de los Objetivos de DesarrolloSostenible (), y aportar así a la búsqueda de una mayor equidad en la región
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