94 research outputs found
Effects of age and sex on feasibility and acceptability of a 12-week community-based exercise intervention in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity
No full textAnalytic synthesis of the effect of foot orthoses on gait biomechanics and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis:an explorative experimental and clinical approach
Full text linkForearm fatigue during grinding and development of grinder- specific handle
No full textThis study aimed to investigate forearm fatigue during grinding and methods to decrease this with handle design. The present master thesis is divided into three articles. The literature regarding this topic is limited and in order to present aim and goals clear it was it necessary to divide it into three articles. Each article has its own aim, yet all three build upon each other. Study one purpose: Understanding the influence of grinding direction on forearm fatigue. Study two purpose: Tests different handle diameters grinding backwards. Study 3 purpose: A technical note explaining how to develop custom-fitted handles for individuals. Forearm fatigue is measured using time to fatigue, maximum voluntary contraction and surface electromyography for all three studies. Study one found indications of forearm fatigue being more severe during backwards grinding than forward grinding. These indications are based on statistically significant difference in time to fatigue and MVC. In addition, sEMG shows the same signs but nothing of statistical significance. Preceding with newfound knowledge from study one ‘the optimal handle diameter’ is established in study two. The optimal handle diameter (32 mm) is based solely on backwards grinding. The 32 mm handle results in less forearm fatigue in relation to time to fatigue and MVC. Finally, study three (technical note) is a description of method to custom-fit individualized handles using 3D scanning and printing. Study one and two as well as related grip strength studies work as the foundation for the developed method in the technical note. <br/
Assessing gait in neurological disorders during body weight support:Nonlinear registration and statistical parametric mapping for amplitude and temporal effects
No full textPer Bilde's Place in Research on Josephus
No full textPer Bilde of Aarhus played a pivotal role in generating the seismic shifts that created the subdiscipline of Josephus research in the 1970s through 1990s. His 1988 book Flavius Josephus between Jerusalem and Rome, which developed lines from his 1983 dissertation on Josephus as historian with respect to the Caligula affair, quickly became the closest thing we had—and have—to an Einleiting in Josephus. Its chapters methodically cover Josephus’ life, writings, thought, meaning, and use, in dialogue with research in several languages. The English manuscript was completed in June 1985. Casting about for a way to characterise Bilde’s Josephus oeuvre, I settled on this. He was the first to lay out in a comprehensive way the case for understanding Josephus as an earnest, intelligent, and self-conscious author and to show how we might read Josephus’ works as whole compositions. The products of Bilde’s research became foundation stones in the emerging sub-discipline ‘Josephus studies’. To explain why I say this, I first situate his work in relation to what came before it, then review his own methodological and substantive contributions, in the book and in various articles, and finally survey what has happened since Bilde’s 1988 book. So: Before Bilde, Bilde, and Post-Bilde
A method for comparing MRI sequences of the knee for segmentation based on morphological features
Full text linkBackground In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation research, the choice of sequence influences the segmentation accuracy. This study introduces a method to compare sequences. By aligning sequences with specific segmentation objectives, we provide an example of a comparative analysis of various sequences for knee images. Methods Based on the profile information of virtual rays, we devised metrics to compute the edge sharpness and contrast. Edge analysis was performed in five edges (EBB: between cancellous and cortical bone, EBC: between cortical bone and cartilage, ECF: between cartilage and fat, ECM: between cartilage and meniscus, EBT: between cortical bone and tissue). Subsequently, profiles were extracted from the virtual ray that traversed the defined edge. Finally, edge characteristics were compared in each sequence using the computed metrics. Results In the case of sharpness, T1-weighted (T1) showed the highest at EBB, ECF, and EBT (all, p < .05). The fat-suppressed 3D spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) was the highest at EBC, and proton density fat-saturated (PDFS) was the highest at ECM (all, p < .005). Depending on each sequence, the knee structures showed different edge characteristics. Also, it was confirmed that the edge properties of the structure depend on the adjacent materials. Conclusions The ultimate goal of this study is to present a methodology for selecting the most appropriate MRI sequence for segmentation, which can be applied to images of other parts in addition to the knee images used in the study. The method we present quantitatively evaluates the edge characteristics, and experimental results show that our method shows consistent results according to the edge. Our method will provide additional information for MRI sequence selection for segmentation.</p
Simulated Increase in Monoarticular Hip Muscle Strength Reduces the First Peak of Knee Compression Forces During Walking
No full textReducing compressive knee contact forces (KCF) during walking could slow the progression and reduce symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. A previous study has shown that compensating for the hip flexion/extension moment could reduce the KCF peak occurring during early stance (KCFp1). Therefore, this study aimed to identify if monoarticular hip muscle could allow this compensation while considering different walking strategies. Gait trials from 24 healthy participants were used to make musculoskeletal models, and five load-cases were examined: (I) Normal, (II) with an applied external moment compensating for 100% of the hip flexion/extension moment, and (III-V) three conditions with isolated/combined 30% increase of peak isometric strength of gluteus medius and maximus. Knee contact forces, hip muscle forces, and joint moments were computed. A cluster analysis of the Normal condition was performed with hip and knee flexion/extension moment during KCFp1 as input to examine the influence of different walking strategies. The cluster analysis revealed two groups having significantly different hip and knee moments in early-stance (p < 0.01). The reduction in KCFp1 from the Normal condition, although present in both groups, was greater for the group with the highest hip and lowest knee flexion/extension moments for all conditions tested (II: -21.82 ± 8.71% versus -6.03 ± 6.68%, III: -3.21 ± 1.09% versus -1.59 ± 0.96%, IV: -3.00 ± 0.89% versus -1.76 ± 1.04%, V: -6.12 ± 1.69 versus -3.09 ± 1.95%). This reduction in KCFp1 occurred through a shift in force developed by the hamstrings during walking (biarticular) to the gluteus medius and maximus (monoarticular), whose isometric strength was increased. The differences between the groups suggest that this reduction depends on the walking strategy.</p
Quality, kinematics, and self-reported comfort of gait during body weight support in young adults with gait impairments – A cross-sectional study
Full text linkBackground: Body weight support (BWS) technologies offer effective gait training for individuals with neurological gait impairments. However, varying dynamic BWS levels may impact specific gait kinematics, potentially introducing maladaptive movement patterns. Aim: To investigate the acute impact of different levels of dynamically modulated BWS during overground walking at a self-selected speed on gait quality, kinematic gait patterns, and self-reported gait comfort in young adults with gait impairments. Methods: Three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted on 18 individuals with neurological gait impairments during overground walking with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 % BWS using a novel robotic unloading device. Gait quality, expressed as Gait Deviation Index (GDI), lower limb joint kinematics, and spatiotemporal parameters were obtained for one representative stride per participant at each BWS level. Gait comfort was reported on a visual analogue scale (VAS) for each unload level. Time-continuous data were analysed using statistical parametric mapping; discrete data were compared between BWS levels using paired t-tests. Results: Compared with habitual gait (0 % BWS), GDI was unaltered with increasing BWS. The relative shapes of kinematic trajectories were largely unaffected, with minor reductions in amplitude and a limited impact on temporal effects with increasing BWS. Most spatiotemporal parameters were unaltered by changes in BWS, although negative impacts on walking speed, cadence, and step length emerged at 40 % BWS, with a more pronounced impact at 50 % BWS. Gait comfort improved at 20–30 % BWS by up to 20 mm on a 0–100 mm VAS. Conclusion: Participants maintained habitual (0 % BWS) biomechanical gait patterns with 10–30 % BWS, experiencing increased gait comfort at 20–30 % BWS. Dynamically modulated BWS can be applied in task-specific gait training to offer vertical body support and increased comfort with little to no impact on biomechanical movement patterns.</p
Simulated increase in monoarticular hip muscle strength reduces the first peak of knee compression forces during walking in healthy individuals
No full textSimulated increase in monoarticular hip muscle strength reduces the first peak of knee compression forces during walking
Full text link- …
