82 research outputs found
A Preclinical Model to Assess Intestinal Barrier Integrity Using Canine Enteroids and Colonoids
No full textAuthor Contributions:
Conceptualization, V.G., K.A. and J.P.M.; Data curation, V.G., A.R., C.Z., H.W., A.L., T.A., D.K.S. and D.K.M.; Formal analysis, M.P.C., V.G., V.L., D.D.-R. and C.Z.; Funding acquisition, K.A. and J.P.M.; Investigation, V.G., A.R., C.Z., H.W., T.A. and D.K.S.; Methodology, V.G., V.L., D.D.-R., A.R., C.Z., D.L., S.M., H.W., T.A. and D.K.M.; Resources, M.M.M. and K.A.; Supervision, K.A. and J.P.M.; Validation, V.G. and C.Z.; Visualization, V.G.; Writing—original draft, V.G.; Writing—review and editing, M.P.C., C.Z., K.P., D.K.M., K.A. and J.P.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.While two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, such as Caco-2 and Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are widely used in a variety of biological models, these two-dimensional in vitro systems present inherent limitations in replicating the complexities of in vivo biology. Recent progress in three-dimensional organoid technology has the potential to address these limitations. In this study, the characteristics of conventional 2D cell culture systems were compared to those of canine intestinal organoids (enteroids, ENT, and colonoids, COL). Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the microanatomy of ENT, COL, Caco-2, and MDCK cell monolayers, while transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values were measured to assess monolayer integrity. The TEER values of canine ENT monolayers more closely approximated reported TEER values for human small intestines compared to Caco-2 and MDCK monolayers. Additionally, canine ENT demonstrated greater monolayer stability than Caco-2 and MDCK cells. Notably, while all systems displayed desmosomes, canine ENT and COL exclusively produced mucus. These findings highlight the potential of the canine organoid system as a more biologically relevant model for in vitro studies, addressing the limitations of conventional 2D cell culture systems.Simple Summary:
Immortalized cell lines are often used to model biological systems, such as the intestinal epithelium. Compared to immortalized cell lines, which are composed of identical cell clones, organoids derived from adult stem cells may represent a more accurate biological model, since they can differentiate into specialized intestinal epithelial cell types. In this study, we isolated adult stem cells from dog intestinal samples, which can be obtained with minimally invasive methods. These adult intestinal stem cells were grown into three-dimensional organoids, which recapitulate the superficial layers (epithelium) of the original tissue. The intestinal organoids were examined under a microscope to assess their similarity to the original tissue, then cultured and compared to two immortalized cell lines. The organoids had features similar to intestinal tissue, such as mucus production. In the 2D cell culture system, the organoids formed a more consistent layer than conventional cell lines, demonstrating similar integrity to that of the human intestine. These findings suggest that organoid cultures derived from dog intestinal adult stem cells can effectively be utilized in traditional cell culture systems.National Science Foundation (NSF)Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu
A new perspective on the icons of the C. Z. monogrammist : a contribution to the research on Orthodox painting on the Russian-Ukrainian borderlands
No full textArtykuł dotyczy twórczości monogramisty C.Z., malarza ikon, działającego około połowy wieku XVII na terenach pogranicza polsko-słowackiego. Analiza dzieł zdradza ważne tajniki jego warsztatu. Ukazuje wyraźnie, jak różnymi środkami stylistycznymi posługiwał się, malując formy małe i duże. W tych pierwszych przeważają wartości graficzne: linie i plamy barwne kładzione są szybko, na ciemną podmalówkę, a silne kontrasty między cieniami i rozświetleniami nadają twarzom surowy wyraz. Postaci na ikonach dużych malowane są miękko, a plastyczność twarzy modelowana walorowo. I choć ciemny kontur zamyka tu każdy niemal element, to przewaga rysów malarskich jest zdecydowana. Dopiero analiza tej drugiej maniery pozwala odkryć prawdziwe umiejętności tego malarza i ocenić je stosunkowo wysoko, na tle innych pracujących w XVII wieku na Łemkowszczyźnie warsztatów. W wyniku badań monogramiście C.Z. można przypisać ikony: Matki Boskiej Hodegetrii, Chrystusa Pantokratora, Archanioła Michała oraz Dymitra Sołuńskiego w Muzeum Parafialnym w Grybowie, ikony świąteczne z Berestu i grupę Ukrzyżowania w Bereście, grupę Ukrzyżowania i Chrystusa Pantokratora z Bielanki, Ostatnią Wieczerzę z Czyrnej, carskie wrota z Matysowej i być może Matki Boskiej Hodegetrii z Klimkówki.The article describes the icons of an artist identified only by the monogram
C.Z. – a painter, who worked around the mid-17th century in the Polish-Slovak border areas. An analysis of his works shows the important details of his painting techniques. One can see very clearly how he used various stylistic means to paint small forms and large forms. The former are dominated by graphical values: lines and patches of colour are quickly laid on the dark underpain, and a strong contrast between shadows and highlights produces the strict expressions of the faces. Big forms on large icons are painted softly, and the plasticity of the face is modelled with hight-contrast light. Although almost every element here is enclosed in the dark outline, painting features dominate. Only an analysis of the latter elements of the painting style of the artist allow us to discover the real skills of this painter and assess them relatively well, in comparison with another painters working in the 17th century in the Lemko region. As a result of the research one can say, that monographer, C.Z. was the author
of the following icons: The Mother of God Hodegetria, Christ Pantocrator, the Archangel Michael and Demetrios of Thessalonike in the Parish Museum in Grybow, Feast Days from Berest and a Group of the Crucifixion in Berest, a Group of the Crucifixion and Christ Pantocrator from Bielanka, The Last Supper from Czyrna, the Royal Doors from Matysowa and maybe The Mother of God Hodegetria from Klimkówka
Kinematic Modeling and Deformation Mechanics in Shot Peening of Functional Ceramics
No full textAbstractThe applications of ceramics are limited by their brittle nature and low reliability. Recent studies show that compressive residual stress can be introduced in ceramics by shot peening, which can improve the contact strength and fatigue of ceramics. However, the formation mechanism of residuals stress has not been investigated yet. In this study, a pressure dependent plasticity model has been incorporated into a FE model of shot peening to shed light on the residual stress formation mechanism. Since shot velocity is the key process parameter to dominate the impact energy which determines the deformation state of surface material and the resultant residual stress, a new kinematic model of shots has also been developed by incorporating air drag and travel distance inside and outside the peening nozzle. The results have shown that the kinematic model can be used to predict shot velocity. The FE model provided an insightful understanding of the residual stress formation mechanisms
Influence of crystalline structure on rf dissipation in superconducting niobium
No full textInternational audienceBulk niobium is the most common material used in the fabrication of rf superconducting cavities for accelerators. Predicting and reducing the rf surface dissipation in these cavity structures is mandatory, since it has a tremendous cost impact on the large accelerator projects. In this paper the author hopes to demonstrate that sources of dissipation usually attributed to external causes (mainly flux trapping during cooldown and hydrides precipitates) are related to the same type of crystalline defects that affect the local superconducting properties and can be at the source of early vortex penetration at the surface. We also want to show how these types of defects can explain some of the discrepancies observed from other laboratories in niobium cavity doping experiments. Understanding the origin and the role of these defects could provide direction for improving material specifications as well as improving fabrication control from sheet material to completed cavity. In particular, we will demonstrate that dislocation entanglements, due to the fabrication damage layer, have the strongest impact for the pinning behavior of trapped flux, as well as hydrogen segregation in cavity niobium. The author wishes to present to the superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerator community the synthesis of experimental results scattered in the literature, completed with some personal results. The results of this effort provide a new perspective on recently published work in the domain of SRF cavity doping and sensitivity to trapped flux during cooldown. I will also try to draw whenever possible, some conclusions about other types of superconductors used for SRF applications including Nb/Cu thin films and to discuss their possible change of behavior with field or frequency. I will concentrate on surface and material science aspects since the experimental results on rf cavities have already been treated elsewhere
The role of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups of membrane proteins in electrical conduction and chemical transmission
No full textAuthor Posting. © University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, 1984. This article is posted here by permission of University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal 3 (1984): 125-139.The chemical reactions of sulfhydryl and
disulfide groups in proteins are discussed and the use
of reagents specific for these groups as a tool in electrophysiology is reviewed. The drastic and specific
changes seen when these group-specific reagents are
used demonstrate the critical role of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in electrical excitability, synaptic transmission and, particularly, postsynaptic receptor function. Sulfhydryl groups have been shown to be involved in the slow inactivation process of the voltage-dependent sodium channel, in the activation of
voltage-dependent calcium channels and in sodium
channel conductance. Sulfhydryl and disulfide groups
have been shown to Intervene in the function of the
acetylcholine receptor at the vertebrate neuromuscular
junction and in invertebrate glutaminergic recepton.
The release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic
termInals of these neuromuscular junctions Is
also sensitive to sulfhydryl and disulfide group modification.
Although in most instances the site of action
of the reagents has not been resolved, their use has produced a clearer picture of receptor and channel
structure-function relationships.NIH Grants #NS 07464 (C.Z and J. del C.), RR-08102 (C.Z.) and NS
4938 (J. del C.); NSF Grant #BNS 8218429 (A.S.)
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test efficacy and safety of magnetic resonance imaging-based thrombolysis in wake-up stroke (WAKE-UP)
No full textS.829-836Conflicts of interest: Matthias Endres has received grant support from AstraZeneca and Sanofi Aventis, has participated in advisory board meetings of Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Sanofi, and has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Berlin Chemie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Desitin, Eisei, Ever, Glaxo Smith Kline, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, Trommsdorff. Jochen B. Fiebach has received fees as a board member, consultant, or lecturer from Boehringer Ingelheim, Lundbeck, Siemens, Sygnis, and Synarc. Jens Fiehler has received fees as a consultant or lecture fees from Codman, Covidien, Siemens, and Stryker. Christian Gerloff has received fees as a consultant or lecture fees from Bayer Vital, Boehringer Ingelheim, EBS technologies, Glaxo Smith Kline, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Sanofi Aventis, Silk Road Medical, and UCB. Ivana Galinovic has received lecture fees from Lundbeck. Keith W. Muir has received support for travel to meetings from Boehringer Ingelheim and has received consultancy fees from Codman. Salvador Pedraza has received fees as a board member, consultant, or lecturer from Lundbeck and Synarc. Vincent Thijs has received fees as a steering committee member, consultant, adjudicator, or lecturer from Boehringer Ingelheim,Sygnis, Bayer, Pfizer, Merck, Shire, Medtronic, Abbott, Takeda. Florent Boutitier, Bastian Cheng, Tae-Hee Cho, Martin Ebinger, Norbert Nighoghossian, Leif Østergaard, Josep Puig, Pascal Roy, Claus Z. Simonsen, and Götz Thomalla have no conflicts of interest to report.9Nr.
X* plus Axiom A Does Not Imply No-Cycle
No full textAbstractAn example is presented to indicate that X* plus Axiom A does not imply the no-cycle condition
Spiro-OMeTAD single crystals: Remarkably enhanced charge-carrier transport via mesoscale ordering
No full textWe report the crystal structure and hole-transport mechanism in spiro-OMeTAD [2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9′-spirobifluorene], the dominant hole-transporting material in perovskite and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Despite spiro-OMeTAD’s paramount role in such devices, its crystal structure was unknown because of highly disordered solution-processed films; the hole-transport pathways remained ill-defined and the charge carrier mobilities were low, posing a major bottleneck for advancing cell efficiencies. We devised an antisolvent crystallization strategy to grow single crystals of spiro-OMeTAD, which allowed us to experimentally elucidate its molecular packing and transport properties. Electronic structure calculations enabled us to map spiro-OMeTAD’s intermolecular charge-hopping pathways. Promisingly, single-crystal mobilities were found to exceed their thin-film counterparts by three orders of magnitude. Our findings underscore mesoscale ordering as a key strategy to achieving breakthroughs in hole-transport material engineering of solar cells.O.M.B. and J.-L.B acknowledges the financial support of King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology Grant URF/1/2268-01-01. J.-L.B. also acknowledges support from ONR
Global through Grant N62909-15-1-2003. H.D. thanks the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (91433115). Author contributions: D.S. conceived the idea. O.M.B. crafted the overall
experimental plan and directed the research. D.S. optimized the crystallization. D.S. and W.X.
performed the confocal optical microscope imaging. D.S. and Y.H. performed single-crystal
XRD and data analysis. D.S., X.Q., H.D., T.L., and W.H. planned and performed the mobility
measurements and analyzed the data. Y.L., C.Z., and J.-L.B. planned and performed the theoretical
calculations. Y.L., C.Z., and J.-L.B. analyzed the data of the theoretical part. J.P. assisted D.S. in the
experiments. D.S., Y.L., J.-L.B., and O.M.B. wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed and commented
on the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no
competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions
in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related
to this paper may be requested from the authors
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm Compared to the Classical Method of Fast Fourier Transform in Harmonics Analysis
No full textScientometric analysis of geostatistics using multivariate methods
No full text[[abstract]]Multivariate methods were successfully employed in a comprehensive scientometric analysis of geostatistics research, and the publications data for this research came from the Science Citation Index and spanned the period from 1967 to 2005. Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) was used in publication patterns based on different types of variables. A backward discriminant analysis (DA) with appropriate statistical tests was then conducted to confirm CA results and evaluate the
variations of various patterns. For authorship pattern, the 50 most productive authors were classified by CA into 4 groups representing different levels, and DA produced 92.0% correct assignment with high reliability. The discriminant parameters were mean impact factor (MIF), annual citations per publication (ACPP), and the number of publications by the first author; for country/region pattern, CA divided the top 50 most productive countries/regions into 4 groups with
95.9% correct assignments, and the discriminant parameters were MIF, ACCP, and independent publication (IP); for institute pattern, 3 groups were identified from the top 50 most productive institutes with nearly 88.0% correct assignment, and the discriminant parameters were MIF, ACCP, IP, and international collaborative publication; last, for journal pattern, the top 50 most productive journals were classified into 3 groups with nearly 98.0% correct assignment, and its
discriminant parameters were total citations, impact factor and ACCP. Moreover, we also analyzed general patterns for publication document type, language, subject category, and publication growth
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