92 research outputs found

    Ugo Sauro, Carlo Simoni, Eugenio Turri, Gian Maria Varanini : II lago di Garda.

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    Debarbieux Bernard. Ugo Sauro, Carlo Simoni, Eugenio Turri, Gian Maria Varanini : II lago di Garda. . In: Revue de géographie alpine, tome 91, n°4, 2003. Les agriculteurs dans la cité. p. 122

    Il lago di Garda

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    ricerche geografiche, storiche e storico artistiche sulla regione del GArd

    Tenebrio molitor as a Simple and Cheap Preclinical Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Model

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    The progression of drugs into clinical phases requires proper toxicity assessment in animals and the correct identification of possible metabolites. Accordingly, different animal models are used to preliminarily evaluate toxicity and biotransformations. Rodents are the most common models used to preliminarily evaluate the safety of drugs; however, their use is subject to ethical consideration and elevated costs, and strictly regulated by national legislations. Herein, we developed a novel, cheap and convenient toxicity model using Tenebrio molitor coleoptera (TMC). A panel of 15 drugs—including antivirals and antibacterials—with different therapeutic applications was administered to TMC and the LD50 was determined. The values are comparable with those already determined in mice and rats. In addition, a TMC model was used to determine the presence of the main metabolites and in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK), and results were compared with those available from in vitro assays and the literature. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TMC can be used as a novel and convenient preliminary toxicity model to preliminarily evaluate the safety of experimental compounds and the formation of main metabolites, and to reduce the costs and number of rodents, according to 3R principles

    On the Periodic Two-Phase Thernosyphons Operating Against Gravity

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    Particular passive wickless two-phase loop devices are able to operate with or against gravity. In the past a lot of devices for miscellaneous applications have been proposed each of them with its characteristics. This paper aims to analyse different kinds of equipment as special versions of a generic thermal device that the author has named periodic two phase thermosyphon (PTPT). An original classification criterion for these devices is proposed, and the more than 50 PTPTs, that have been described in the literature, have been classified. The paper also deals with the characterisation of the global thermal behaviour of a generic PTPT by experimentally analysing the results of the temperature evolutions of the loop in a single heat transfer cycle as a periodic stable regime is reached. A mathematical model, which had been developed in previous research by the author, is presented here in improved form; it allows us to determine using the experimental temperature and pressure evolutions, changes over time in several parameters, such as the velocity of the liquid in different parts of the loop, the specific volume of vapour, and so on. The operations that are involved in the complex mechanisms of the heat and mass transfer against gravity are explained in this way. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved

    Il Benaco antico e tardoantico. Società locale e civiltà romana

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    Vicende storiche, istituzionali, vita economica e pratiche religiose nell'area benacense dal II a.C. al VI d.C
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