140 research outputs found
Benzazetidines and related compounds: synthesis and potential
No full textBenzazetidines are a class of N -heterocycles potentially very interesting for a variety of purposes, including biological applications and drug design. In the past, their high ring strain has hampered the development of trustable, general and efficient synthetic methodologies for their preparation. In this review article we aim to disclose all the literature contributions about the synthesis of these compounds and the study of their reactivity, from the early examples to the most recent synthetic approaches. Recently, we noted a growth of interest for this heterocycle pushed by the publication of novel synthetic methodologies based on palladium catalyzed intramolecular C-H amination and organocatalyzed ring closure of 2-( N -Boc-anilino)- α -ketoesters/amides
Inter-hemispheric asymmetry of cerebral flow velocities during generalized spike-wave discharges.
No full textThe aim of this study was to verify the symmetry of cerebral blood flow changes
during the generalized spike-wave discharges of typical absence seizures. A
recording of mean flow velocity in the left and right middle cerebral arteries
and of electroencephalographic activity was performed simultaneously in two
subjects with multiple daily absence seizures. A total of 12 generalized
spike-wave discharges were recorded. Mean flow velocities showed a significant
increase during the discharges with respect to baseline. The increase of flow
velocity started simultaneously or a few seconds before the discharges. In 91.6 %
of all recordings, the percentage increase of mean flow velocity was
significantly higher in the left than in the right side (7.03 % +/- 3.3 vs 5.14 %
+/- 3.3; p < 0.1). The extent of the following decrease of flow velocity was also
significantly greater in the left than in the right side (-16.91 % +/- 8.1 vs
-14.07 % +/- 8.3; p < 0.01). These findings show an inter-hemispheric asymmetry
in cerebral blood flow during generalized spike-wave discharges in two patients
with absence seizures. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography promises to be an
interesting approach to detect rapid changes in cerebral hemispheric activity not
otherwise recognizable
"Forced Behavior" as epileptic seizure: Description of a patient with neuronal migration disorder
No full textForced thinking and behavior can be true epileptic phenomena. Forced thinking, characterized by abrupt intrusion of thoughts, could be produced by an epileptic discharge in frontal or temporal lobes Epileptic forced thinking appears distinct from obsessive thoughts and compulsive urges. A male patient, teacher of optic pathophysiology, from the age of 40 showed short (2-3 minutes) episodes, characterized by a compulsive urge to speak technically as he would in his job. At the age of 43 he showed two nocturnal generalized seizures. An EEG was performed and it showed intercritical and critical anomalies on the left anterior regions. A magnetic resonance (MR) showed the presence of a neuronal migration disorder (sub-ependimal cotrical nodular heterotopia). Soon after, a therapy with carbamazepine 800 mg/die was started and all types of paroxystical manifestations disappeared. This case is interesting and intriguing because of the overlapping of epilepsy, forced behavior and neuronal migration disorders. Considering the anatomic systems involved in epilepsy and obsessive-compulsive disorder, we will discuss the differences and the common features of both disturbances
Panic disorder or epilepsy: a case report
No full textPsychiatric and neurological disturbances can show up with panic attack symptoms. This report illustrates the difficulty in distinguishing between panic disorder and epilepsy in a subgroup of epileptic patients that suffer panic attacks as symptoms of seizures. This is the first report of panic attacks due to a focal lesion involving the left temporal lobe and the second case of panic attacks related to a meningioma
Panic attacks as ictal manifestation of a meningioma of the left anterior clinoid [Attacchi di panico come manifestazioni critiche di un meningioma della clinoide anteriore sinistra]
No full textRecent findings indicate that Panic Disorders can be caused in some cases by a biological dysfunction of the temporal lobe. We report the case of a 38 y.o. man as an example of the difficulty in distinguishing between a 'pure' psychiatric disorder and the ictal symptoms of epilepsy. This is the second report of Panic Disorder due to a meningioma and the first one with localization of the lesion involving the left temporal lobe
Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria and epilepsy in a patient with Turner mosaicism: a case report
No full textTurner's syndrome (TS) is rarely associated with serious abnormalities of brain structure or malformations of cortical development. We report a 17-year-old girl with TS and 45,XO/46,XX mosaicism presenting bilateral frontal polymicrogyria (BFP) and epilepsy. To our knowledge, the association between TS and BFP has never been reported to date. Our observation confirms that in humans the X-chromosome plays an important role in the development and specialization of brain structure and function. We hypothesize that the absence or abnormalities of developmental genes localized on the X-chromosome could be involved in the pathogenesis of BFP observed in our patient. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved
A semi-immersive virtual reality incremental swing balance task activates prefrontal cortex: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
No full textAttivazione da chiusura degli occhi in pazienti con epilessia mioclonica non fotosensibili
No full textEye-closure sensitivity, associated to sensitivity to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) has been previously documented in the EEG of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), but much less frequent is the condition characterized by eye closure sensitivity without sensitivity to IPS in JME. We present two cases of JME with EEG activation after eye closure, without sensitivity to IPS
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